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https://github.com/dgac/acropole

This repository contains the Acropole model for aircraft fuel flow prediction and Python packages for aircraft trajectory processing and fuel flow enhancement.
https://github.com/dgac/acropole

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This repository contains the Acropole model for aircraft fuel flow prediction and Python packages for aircraft trajectory processing and fuel flow enhancement.

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README

          

# Acropole

This repository contains the Acropole model for aircraft fuel flow prediction and Python packages for aircraft trajectory processing and fuel flow enhancement.

## Easy Install

For a trouble-free installation, creating a dedicated anaconda environment is recommended :

```sh
conda create -n acropole python=3.12 -c conda-forge
```

Activate the conda environment :

```sh
conda activate acropole
```

Install this library:

```sh
git clone https://github.com/DGAC/Acropole.git
cd Acropole
pip install .

```

## Example of use

Here is a minimal working example:

```python
import pandas as pd
from acropole import FuelEstimator

fe = FuelEstimator()

flight = pd.DataFrame({
"typecode": ["A320", "A320", "A320", "A320"],
"groundspeed": [400, 410, 420, 430],
"altitude": [10000, 11000, 12000, 13000],
"vertical_rate": [2000, 1500, 1000, 500],

# optional features:
"second": [0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0],
"airspeed": [400, 410, 420, 430],
"mass": [60000, 60000, 60000, 60000]
})

flight_fuel = fe.estimate(flight) #flight.data if traffic flight
```

Note:

- When the `second` column is provided, the fuel estimation is more accurate,
especially due to **derivatives of speeds** (acceleration) used in the estimation.
- `airspeed` is optional. If not provided, it is assumed to be equal
to groundspeed. However, accurate airspeed is recommended for better estimation.
- Expected sampling rate is 4 seconds, higher or lower sampling rate might induce noisier fuel flow. Resampling data before estimating fuel flow is recommanded.

For a more complete example, refer to `examples/fuel_estimation.ipynb`

## Aircraft data and estimation models

Aircraft parameters from open data to feed the model are available in `data/aircraft_params.csv` and loaded by default. Model data is available in `models/` and also loaded by default.

You can specify your own data and model file with the following initialization of `FuelEstimator`. You need to make sure the same column names are in your aircraft CSV file.

```python
fe = FuelEstimator(
aircraft_params_path="path/to/your/data.csv",
model_path="path/to/your/SavedModel/",
)
```

## Model training and evaluation

The Acropole model is a neural network built using data from Quick Access Recorder (QAR) from different aircraft types. Evaluation of the model and list of aircraft is available at https://github.com/DGAC/Acropole/tree/main/evaluation/Dense_Acropole_FuelFlow_Scaling.

## Comparison of Different Model Performances

Comparison of different model performances per phase for 1000 test flights of A320-214 aircraft using real mass and true airspeed.

| Phase | Samples \# | Metric | ACROPOLE | OpenAP | OpenAP V2 | BADA | Poll-Schumann |
|-------|------------|--------|--------------|--------------|------------|---------------|----------------|
| | | **MAPE (%)** | 2.13 | 30.35 | 8.84 | 6.53 | 6.85 |
| CLIMB | 1,403,850 | **MAE (kg/min)** | 1.66 | 25.81 | 6.92 | 5.53 | 5.65 |
| | | **ME (kg/min)** | 0.85 | -25.66 | -2.48 | -5.27 | -4.62 |
||||||||||
| | | **MAPE (%)** | 4.41 | 18.59 | 10.69 | 7.01 | 4.84 |
| LEVEL | 4,017,801 | **MAE (kg/min)** | 1.82 | 7.82 | 3.48 | 2.65 | 2.03 |
| | | **ME (kg/min)** | 1.22 | -7.47 | 2.64 | -1.43 | -0.73 |
||||||||||
| | | **MAPE (%)** | 12.63 | 51.69 | 32.4 | 21.50 | 21.55 |
| DESCENT| 1,684,117 | **MAE (kg/min)** | 2.71 | 8.62 | 5.58 | 3.71 | 4.71 |
| | | **ME (kg/min)** | 1.88 | -1.75 | -1.16 | -0.64 | -3.67 |
||||||||||
| | | **MAPE (%)** | 5.91 | 27.60 | 14.71 | 9.84 | 8.61 |
| ALL | 7,105,768 | **MAE (kg/min)** | 1.99 | 11.55 | 4.58 | 3.44 | 3.29 |
| | | **ME (kg/min)** | 1.30 | -9.92 | 0.84 | -2.03 | -2.09 |
||||||||||
| | | **Processing time (s)** | 3 | 284 | 255 | 474 | 28 |

## Credits

```bibtex
@inproceedings{jarry2024towards,
title={Towards aircraft generic Quick Access Recorder fuel flow regression models for ADS-B data},
author={Jarry, Gabriel and Delahaye, Daniel and Hurter, Christophe},
booktitle={International Conference on Research in Air Transportation},
year={2024}
}

```