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https://github.com/dghubble/go-twitter

Go Twitter REST and Streaming API v1.1
https://github.com/dghubble/go-twitter

Last synced: 3 months ago
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Go Twitter REST and Streaming API v1.1

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# go-twitter [![GoDoc](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/dghubble/go-twitter.svg)](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/dghubble/go-twitter) [![Workflow](https://github.com/dghubble/go-twitter/actions/workflows/test.yaml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/dghubble/go-twitter/actions/workflows/test.yaml?query=branch%3Amain) [![Sponsors](https://img.shields.io/github/sponsors/dghubble?logo=github)](https://github.com/sponsors/dghubble) [![Twitter](https://img.shields.io/badge/twitter-follow-1da1f2?logo=twitter)](https://twitter.com/dghubble)



**DEPRECATED** As of Nov 2022, the go-twitter API library is no longer being developed. If you fork this repo, please remove the logo since it is not covered by the license.






go-twitter is a Go client library for the [Twitter API](https://dev.twitter.com/rest/public). Check the [usage](#usage) section or try the [examples](/examples) to see how to access the Twitter API.



### Features



* Twitter REST API:

    * Accounts

    * Blocks

    * DirectMessageEvents

    * Favorites

    * Friends

    * Friendships

    * Followers

    * Lists

    * PremiumSearch

    * RateLimits

    * Search

    * Statuses

    * Timelines

    * Users

* Twitter Streaming API

    * Public Streams

    * User Streams

    * Site Streams

    * Firehose Streams



## Install



    go get github.com/dghubble/go-twitter/twitter



## Documentation



Read [GoDoc](https://godoc.org/github.com/dghubble/go-twitter/twitter)



## Usage



### REST API



The `twitter` package provides a `Client` for accessing the Twitter API. Here are some example requests.



```go

config := oauth1.NewConfig("consumerKey", "consumerSecret")

token := oauth1.NewToken("accessToken", "accessSecret")

httpClient := config.Client(oauth1.NoContext, token)



// Twitter client

client := twitter.NewClient(httpClient)



// Home Timeline

tweets, resp, err := client.Timelines.HomeTimeline(&twitter.HomeTimelineParams{

    Count: 20,

})



// Send a Tweet

tweet, resp, err := client.Statuses.Update("just setting up my twttr", nil)



// Status Show

tweet, resp, err := client.Statuses.Show(585613041028431872, nil)



// Search Tweets

search, resp, err := client.Search.Tweets(&twitter.SearchTweetParams{

    Query: "gopher",

})



// User Show

user, resp, err := client.Users.Show(&twitter.UserShowParams{

    ScreenName: "dghubble",

})



// Followers

followers, resp, err := client.Followers.List(&twitter.FollowerListParams{})

```



Authentication is handled by the `http.Client` passed to `NewClient` to handle user auth (OAuth1) or application auth (OAuth2). See the [Authentication](#authentication) section.



Required parameters are passed as positional arguments. Optional parameters are passed typed params structs (or nil).



## Streaming API



The Twitter Public, User, Site, and Firehose Streaming APIs can be accessed through the `Client` `StreamService` which provides methods `Filter`, `Sample`, `User`, `Site`, and `Firehose`.



Create a `Client` with an authenticated `http.Client`. All stream endpoints require a user auth context so choose an OAuth1 `http.Client`.



    client := twitter.NewClient(httpClient)



Next, request a managed `Stream` be started.



#### Filter



Filter Streams return Tweets that match one or more filtering predicates such as `Track`, `Follow`, and `Locations`.



```go

params := &twitter.StreamFilterParams{

    Track: []string{"kitten"},

    StallWarnings: twitter.Bool(true),

}

stream, err := client.Streams.Filter(params)

```



#### User



User Streams provide messages specific to the authenticate User and possibly those they follow.



```go

params := &twitter.StreamUserParams{

    With:          "followings",

    StallWarnings: twitter.Bool(true),

}

stream, err := client.Streams.User(params)

```



*Note* To see Direct Message events, your consumer application must ask Users for read/write/DM access to their account.



#### Sample



Sample Streams return a small sample of public Tweets.



```go

params := &twitter.StreamSampleParams{

    StallWarnings: twitter.Bool(true),

}

stream, err := client.Streams.Sample(params)

```



#### Site, Firehose



Site and Firehose Streams require your application to have special permissions, but their API works the same way.



### Receiving Messages



Each `Stream` maintains the connection to the Twitter Streaming API endpoint, receives messages, and sends them on the `Stream.Messages` channel.



Go channels support range iterations which allow you to read the messages which are of type `interface{}`.



```go

for message := range stream.Messages {

    fmt.Println(message)

}

```



If you run this in your main goroutine, it will receive messages forever unless the stream stops. To continue execution, receive messages using a separate goroutine.



### Demux



Receiving messages of type `interface{}` isn't very nice, it means you'll have to type switch and probably filter out message types you don't care about.



For this, try a `Demux`, like `SwitchDemux`, which receives messages and type switches them to call functions with typed messages.



For example, say you're only interested in Tweets and Direct Messages.



```go

demux := twitter.NewSwitchDemux()

demux.Tweet = func(tweet *twitter.Tweet) {

    fmt.Println(tweet.Text)

}

demux.DM = func(dm *twitter.DirectMessage) {

    fmt.Println(dm.SenderID)

}

```



Pass the `Demux` each message or give it the entire `Stream.Message` channel.



```go

for message := range stream.Messages {

    demux.Handle(message)

}

// or pass the channel

demux.HandleChan(stream.Messages)

```



### Stopping



The `Stream` will stop itself if the stream disconnects and retrying produces unrecoverable errors. When this occurs, `Stream` will close the `stream.Messages` channel, so execution will break out of any message *for range* loops.



When you are finished receiving from a `Stream`, call `Stop()` which closes the connection, channels, and stops the goroutine **before** returning. This ensures resources are properly cleaned up.



### Pitfalls



**Bad**: In this example, `Stop()` is unlikely to be reached. Control stays in the message loop unless the `Stream` becomes disconnected and cannot retry.



```go

// program does not terminate :(

stream, _ := client.Streams.Sample(params)

for message := range stream.Messages {

    demux.Handle(message)

}

stream.Stop()

```



**Bad**: Here, messages are received on a non-main goroutine, but then `Stop()` is called immediately. The `Stream` is stopped and the program exits.



```go

// got no messages :(

stream, _ := client.Streams.Sample(params)

go demux.HandleChan(stream.Messages)

stream.Stop()

```



**Good**: For main package scripts, one option is to receive messages in a goroutine and wait for CTRL-C to be pressed, then explicitly stop the `Stream`.



```go

stream, err := client.Streams.Sample(params)

go demux.HandleChan(stream.Messages)



// Wait for SIGINT and SIGTERM (HIT CTRL-C)

ch := make(chan os.Signal)

signal.Notify(ch, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)

log.Println(<-ch)



stream.Stop()

```



## Authentication



The API client accepts an any `http.Client` capable of making user auth (OAuth1) or application auth (OAuth2) authorized requests. See the [dghubble/oauth1](https://github.com/dghubble/oauth1) and [golang/oauth2](https://github.com/golang/oauth2/) packages which can provide such agnostic clients.



Passing an `http.Client` directly grants you control over the underlying transport, avoids dependencies on particular OAuth1 or OAuth2 packages, and keeps client APIs separate from authentication protocols.



See the [google/go-github](https://github.com/google/go-github) client which takes the same approach.



For example, make requests as a consumer application on behalf of a user who has granted access, with OAuth1.



```go

// OAuth1

import (

    "github.com/dghubble/go-twitter/twitter"

    "github.com/dghubble/oauth1"

)



config := oauth1.NewConfig("consumerKey", "consumerSecret")

token := oauth1.NewToken("accessToken", "accessSecret")

// http.Client will automatically authorize Requests

httpClient := config.Client(oauth1.NoContext, token)



// Twitter client

client := twitter.NewClient(httpClient)

```



If no user auth context is needed, make requests as your application with application auth.



```go

// OAuth2

import (

    "github.com/dghubble/go-twitter/twitter"

    "golang.org/x/oauth2"

    "golang.org/x/oauth2/clientcredentials"

)



// oauth2 configures a client that uses app credentials to keep a fresh token

config := &clientcredentials.Config{

    ClientID:     "consumerKey",

    ClientSecret: "consumerSecret",

    TokenURL:     "https://api.twitter.com/oauth2/token",

}

// http.Client will automatically authorize Requests

httpClient := config.Client(oauth2.NoContext)



// Twitter client

client := twitter.NewClient(httpClient)

```



To implement Login with Twitter for web or mobile, see the gologin [package](https://github.com/dghubble/gologin) and [examples](https://github.com/dghubble/gologin/tree/master/examples/twitter).



## Roadmap



* Support gzipped streams

* Auto-stop streams in the event of long stalls



## Contributing



See the [Contributing Guide](https://gist.github.com/dghubble/be682c123727f70bcfe7).



## License



[MIT License](LICENSE)