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https://github.com/doi-usgs/volcano-avog2s


https://github.com/doi-usgs/volcano-avog2s

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README 

        
AVOG2S

==========



AVOG2S is a collection of programs that can be used to build a Ground-2-Space

model of the atmosphere in a similar style to that outlined by Drob et al.,

(JGR, v108, p4680, 2003, [doi:10.1029/2002JD003307](https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003307))

by smoothly merging 1 or 2 

numerical weather prediction (NWP) models (either forecast or reanalysis) with

empirical models of the upper atmosphere.  This Ground-2-Space model can be used

for forward modeling of infrasound propagation.  This model is described in

[Schwaiger et al.]

(Computers and Geosciences, v125, p90-97, 2019, [doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2018.12.013)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2018.12.013))

and can be used as both global as well as a regional G2S model.

This model is used by the Alaska Volcano Observatory for infrasound propagation

modeling.



### Prerequisite Software

This model relies heavily on externally provided software.  The following 

software packages must be built and installed before the AVOG2S software

suite can be built.



1. To download and read the NWP data, several USGS libraries must be installed:  

   [HoursSince](https://github.com/DOI-USGS/volcano-ash3d-hourssince)  

   [projection](https://github.com/DOI-USGS/volcano-ash3d-projection)  

   [MetReader](https://github.com/DOI-USGS/volcano-ash3d-metreader)



2. Upper-atmospheric empirical models are available separately for horizontal winds and temperature  

   [HWM14](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2014EA000089) (supplementary material)

   [NRLMSISE-00](https://github.com/graziano-giuliani/Meteostuff/tree/master/NRLMSIS_F90)



3. Spectral decomposition of the data utilize two libraries, one for spherical

harmonic decompositions, and one for Fourier decomposition  

   [SHTOOLS](https://github.com/SHTOOLS/SHTOOLS/releases)  

   [fftw](https://github.com/FFTW/fftw3)



4. Additional libraries needed:  

   lapack  

   netcdf  

   grib2 (or ecCodes)



### Required Data

1. Solar-terrestrial indices (Ap and F107)  

    Current values available from NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center:

        

    Archived values available from NOAA National Geophysical Data Center:

      

2. Numerical Weather Prediction data  

    Forecast and reanalysis data available from many sources.  See documentation

    in [MetReader](https://github.com/DOI-USGS/volcano-ash3d-metreader).



Preliminary Software Installation

---------------------------------



### USGS libraries  

  Three libraries from the Ash3d package are needed: [HoursSince](://github.com/DOI-USGS/volcano-ash3d-hourssince), 

   [projection](https://github.com/DOI-USGS/volcano-ash3d-projection), 

   [MetReader](https://github.com/DOI-USGS/volcano-ash3d-metreader).

These libraries are currently available at the locations given above.

Installation instructions are given in the repositories for each of these libraries.



### Empirical models  

##### HWM14

 HWM14 is available as supplemental material for [Drob et al., 2015](https://doi.org/10.1002/2014EA000089).  The build

of AVOG2S expects that this be compiled as a library with the data files installed in a specified location.  The makefile

`src/ExternalDataSoftware/makefile_HWM14.gfortran` is provided which can be used to

build the HWM14 library.  The install location can be changed by editing the top

of this file.



To build the library, type:  

  `cd src/ExternalDataSoftware/`  

  `wget http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/2014EA000089/asset/supinfo/ess224-sup-0002-supinfo.tgz?v=1&s=2a957ba70b7cf9dd0612d9430076297c3634ea75`  

Or open the [article page](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014EA000089/abstract)

and download `ess224-sup-0002-supinfo.tgz` from Supporting Information.

These files are also provided at [NRL](https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/HWM/HWM14/)  

  `gunzip ess224-sup-0002-supinfo.tgz`  

  `tar -xvf ess224-sup-0002-supinfo.tar`  

  `cd HWM14`  

The package makefile builds an example program.  To build as a library, use the makefile

provided by AVOG2S  

  `make -f ../makefile_HWM14.gfortran libra`  

  `make -f ../makefile_HWM14.gfortran install`



To use software that links to this library, you will need to add the following to your

`.bash_profile`:  

`HWMPATH=/opt/USGS/AVOG2S/ExternalData/HWM14`  # (or wherever you installed the library)  

`export HWMPATH`



If you have difficulty installing HWM14 (e.g. if you are using an older compiler), you

can optionally install HWM07.  The fortran source files and data files are available

from 



To build this library, type:  

`cd src/ExternalDataSoftware/HWM07`  

`wget https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/HWM/HWM07/checkhwm07.f90`  

`wget https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/HWM/HWM07/dwm07b_104i.dat`  

`wget https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/HWM/HWM07/gd2qd.dat`  

`wget https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/HWM/HWM07/hwm071308e.dat`  

`wget https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/HWM/HWM07/hwm07.01d.f90`  

`wget https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/HWM/HWM07/readme.txt`



  You will have to edit the source file

and change the data file names in the source file to include the full path, such as

`character(128), parameter  :: datafile = '/opt/USGS/AVOG2S/ExternalData/HWM07/hwm071308e.dat'`  

`character(128), parameter  :: datafile = '/opt/USGS/AVOG2S/ExternalData/HWM07/dwm07b_104i.dat'`  

`character(128), parameter  :: datafile = '/opt/USGS/AVOG2S/ExternalData/HWM07/gd2qd.dat'`



`make -f ../makefile_HWM07.gfortran libra`  

`make -f ../makefile_HWM07.gfortran install`



This version of HWM does not require an environment variable to be set, but expects

that the data files are at the hardwired location.



##### NRLMSISE-00

The NRLMSISE-00 code has been ported to fortran 90 and is available from



After downloading the software bundle into `src/ExternalDataSoftware`, the code can

be compiled into a library using the makefile provided at:

`src/ExternalDataSoftware/makefile_NRLMSIS.gfortran`



Note: NRLMSISE from the link above can return erroneous values if a requested altitude

equals an internal bracketing value.  To correct this, change line 2067 of

`physics_msis.f90` from  

`if ( dabs(v1-d_1) < nearzero .or. alt > zn2(1) .or. &`  

to  

`if ( dabs(v1-d_1) < nearzero .or. alt >= zn2(1) .or. &`



`cd src/ExternalDataSoftware/Meteostuff-master/NRLMSIS_F90`  

  Add bug fix to source file  

`vi physics_msis.f90`  

`make -f ../../makefile_NRLMSIS.gfortran all`  

`make -f ../../makefile_NRLMSIS.gfortran install`



### Spectral libraries

##### SHTOOLS  

  SHTOOLS is available from .  Instructions

for installation are in the source code download  

 `wget https://github.com/SHTOOLS/SHTOOLS/archive/v4.0.tar.gz`  

This can be built and installed in the default location.  Take note of where the objects

are installed.  Earlier versions of SHTOOLS installing in `/usr/local/SHTOOLS$(version_number)`.

The latest version simple installs to `/usr/local/`.

You can change the default location by editing `SHTOOLS-x.x/Makefile` and changing the 

variable `PREFIX = /usr/local` to your preferred install location.



##### FFTW

fftw is available as a distribution package



### Other required packages

 netcdf4, lapack and grib-api (or ecCodes) are available as distribution libraries.



AVOG2S Installation

---------------------------------



To compile, edit the makefile to be consistent with the install directory and options

used in the installation of the preliminary software.  Double-check the HWM version

number, the SHTOOLS version number if you are using an older version, and whether or not

grib2/ecCodes support should be built.  Then simply type:



  `make all`



To install the library, edit the `INSTALLDIR` variable of the makefile (the

default is `/opt/USGS`) and type:



  `make install`



You will need to have write permission in `${INSTALLDIR}` or install as root.

This will install the following in `${INSTALLDIR}/bin/`:  

 `g2s_genSC_HWM14`   : program to calculate spectral coefficients for G2S model  

 `g2s_ResampleAtmos` : program to reconstruct a gridded atmosphere from the coefficients  

 `probe_HWT14`       : stand-along program to calculate empirical HWM and NRLMSISE values  

 `g2s_Extract_Sonde` : program to resample the gridded atmosphere onto a 1-d profile  

 `g2s_Extract_Xsec`  : program to resample the gridded atmosphere onto a 2-d cross-section  

 `g2s_Extract_Grid`  : program to resample the gridded atmosphere onto a 3-d grid  

and the following scripts in `${INSTALLDIR}/ExternalData/Ap_Forecast/`  

 `get_ApFC` : script that downloads the current space weather indices from NOAA  

 `get_NGDC` : script that downloads an archive year of the space weather indices



Output from the extraction tools is designed to be used with the

[GeoAc](https://github.com/LANL-Seismoacoustics/GeoAc) forward

modeling software or the NCPA Atmospheric Acoustic Propagation Modeling

package [ncpaprop](https://github.com/chetzer-ncpa/ncpaprop).



Please see the user's guide for more information on using this software.



Authors

-------



Hans F. Schwaiger   

Alexandra M. Iezzi