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https://github.com/ekedonald/automating-load-balancer-configuration-with-shell-scripting

A comprehensive guide on how to Automate a Load Balancer Configuration to distribute traffic between 2 Web Servers with Shell Scripting.
https://github.com/ekedonald/automating-load-balancer-configuration-with-shell-scripting

apache2 ec2-instance load-balancer nginx shell-scripting

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A comprehensive guide on how to Automate a Load Balancer Configuration to distribute traffic between 2 Web Servers with Shell Scripting.

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# Automating Load Balancer Configuration With Shell Scripting

The following steps are taken to automate a Load Balancer configuration to distribute traffic between 2 Web Servers with shell scripting:



### Step 1: Provision an EC2 Instance for the 1st Web Server

Use the following parameters when configuring the EC2 Instance:

* Name of Instance: Web Server 1

* AMI: Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS (HVM), SSD Volume Type

* New Key Pair Name: web11

* Key Pair Type: RSA

* Private Key File Format: .pem

* New Security Group: Apache Web Server Security Group

* Inbound Rules: Allow Traffic From Anywhere On Port 8000 and Port 22.



![web server 1](./images/1.%20webserver%201.png)

_Instance Summary for Web Server 1_



### Step 2: Connect to the 1st Web Server via the terminal using SSH

* Open the terminal on your computer.

* Run the following command to go to the directory (i.e. Downloads) where the `.pem` key pair file was downloaded.



```sh

cd Downloads

```



* Paste the following command to give read permissions to the `.pem` key pair file:



```sh

sudo chmod 400 .pem

```



![chmod key pair](./images/1.%20chmod%20key%20pair.png)



* SSH into the **Web Server 1 Instance** using the command shown below:



```sh

ssh -i .pem ubuntu@

```



![ssh web server 1](./images/1.%20ssh%20webserver%201.png)



### Step 3: Deployment of the 1st Web Server

* Create and open a file `install.sh` using the command shown below:



```sh

sudo vi install.sh

```



* Paste the script shown below into the file then save and exit the file:



```sh

#!/bin/bash



####################################################################################################################

##### This automates the installation and configuring of apache webserver to listen on port 8000

##### Usage: Call the script and pass in the Public_IP of your EC2 instance as the first argument as shown below:

######## ./install_configure_apache.sh 18.234.230.94

####################################################################################################################



set -x # debug mode

set -e # exit the script if there is an error

set -o pipefail # exit the script when there is a pipe failure



PUBLIC_IP=18.234.230.94



[ -z "${PUBLIC_IP}" ] && echo "Please pass the public IP of your EC2 instance as an argument to the script" && exit 1



sudo apt update -y &&  sudo apt install apache2 -y



sudo systemctl status apache2



if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then

    sudo chmod 777 /etc/apache2/ports.conf

    echo "Listen 8000" >> /etc/apache2/ports.conf

    sudo chmod 777 -R /etc/apache2/



    sudo sed -i 's///' /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf



fi

sudo chmod 777 -R /var/www/

echo "

        

        

            My EC2 Instance

        

        

            
Welcome to my 1st Web Server EC2 instance


            
Public IP: "${PUBLIC_IP}"


        

        " > /var/www/html/index.html



sudo systemctl restart apache2

```



![web server 1 script](./images/1.%20webserver_1_script.png)



* Assign executable permissions on the file using the command shown below:



```sh

sudo chmod +x install.sh

```



![sudo chmod install.sh](./images/1.%20chmod%20install_sh.png)



* Run the shell script using the command shown below:



```sh

./install.sh

```



![run web server 1 script](./images/1.%20run%20webserver_1%20script.png)



* Go to your web browser and paste the following URL to verify the setup:



```sh

http://public_ip_address_of_web_server_1:8000

```



![http public ip web server 1](./images/1.%20http_ip_webserver_1.png)



### Step 4: Provision an EC2 Instance for the 2nd Web Server

Use the following parameters when configuring the EC2 Instance:

* Name of Instance: Web Server 2

* AMI: Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS (HVM), SSD Volume Type

* Key Pair Name: web11

* Security Group: Apache Server Security Group



![web server 2](./images/2.%20webserver%202.png)



_Instance Summary for Web Server 2_



### Step 5: Connect to the 2nd Web Server via the terminal using SSH

* Open the terminal on your computer.

* Run the following command to go to the directory (i.e. Downloads) where the `.pem` key pair file was downloaded.



```sh

cd Downloads

```



* SSH into the **Web Server 2 Instance** using the command shown below:



```sh

ssh -i .pem ubuntu@

```



![ssh web server 2](./images/2.%20ssh%20webserver%202.png)



### Step 6: Deployment of the 2nd Web Server

* Create and open a file `install.sh` using the command shown below:



```sh

sudo vi install.sh

```

* Paste the script shown below into the file then save and exit the file:



```sh

#!/bin/bash



####################################################################################################################

##### This automates the installation and configuring of apache webserver to listen on port 8000

##### Usage: Call the script and pass in the Public_IP of your EC2 instance as the first argument as shown below:

######## ./install_configure_apache.sh 18.234.230.94

####################################################################################################################



set -x # debug mode

set -e # exit the script if there is an error

set -o pipefail # exit the script when there is a pipe failure



PUBLIC_IP=54.175.35.61



[ -z "${PUBLIC_IP}" ] && echo "Please pass the public IP of your EC2 instance as an argument to the script" && exit 1



sudo apt update -y &&  sudo apt install apache2 -y



sudo systemctl status apache2



if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then

    sudo chmod 777 /etc/apache2/ports.conf

    echo "Listen 8000" >> /etc/apache2/ports.conf

    sudo chmod 777 -R /etc/apache2/



    sudo sed -i 's///' /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf



fi

sudo chmod 777 -R /var/www/

echo "

        

        

            My EC2 Instance

        

        

            
Welcome to my 2nd Web Server EC2 instance


            
Public IP: "${PUBLIC_IP}"


        

        " > /var/www/html/index.html



sudo systemctl restart apache2

```



![web server 2 script](./images/2.%20webserver_2_script.png)



* Assign executable permissions on the file using the command shown below:



```sh

sudo chmod +x install.sh

```



![chmod install.sh](./images/2.%20chmod%20install_sh.png)



* Run the shell script using the command shown below:



```sh

./install.sh

```



![run web server 2 script](./images/2.%20run%20webserver_2%20script.png)



* Go to your web browser and paste the following URL to verify the setup:



```sh

http://public_ip_address_of_web_server_2:8000

```



![http web server 2](./images/2.%20http_ip_webserver_2.png)



### Step 8: Provision an EC2 Instance for the Load Balancer

Use the following parameters when configuring the EC2 Instance:

* Name of Instance: Load Balancer

* AMI: Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS (HVM), SSD Volume Type

* New Key Pair Name: web11

* New Security Group With Inbound Rules: Allow Traffic From Anywhere On Port 80 and Port 22.



![load balancer](./images/3.%20load%20balancer.png)



_Instance Summary for Load Balancer_



### Step 9: Connect to the Load Balancer via the terminal using SSH

* Open the terminal on your computer.

* Run the following command to go to the directory (i.e. Downloads) where the `.pem` key pair file was downloaded.



```sh

cd Downloads

```



* SSH into the **Load Balancer Instance** using the command shown below:



```sh

ssh -i .pem ubuntu@

```



![ssh load balancer](./images/3.%20ssh%20loadbalancer.png)



### Step 10: Deploying and Configuring Nginx Load Balancer

* Create and open a file `nginx.sh` using the command shown below:



```sh

sudo vi nginx.sh

```



* Paste the script shown below into the file then save and exit the file:



```sh

#!/bin/bash



######################################################################################################################

##### This automates the configuration of Nginx to act as a load balancer

##### Usage: The script is called with 3 command line arguments. The public IP of the EC2 instance where Nginx is installed

##### the webserver urls for which the load balancer distributes traffic. An example of how to call the script is shown below:

##### ./configure_nginx_loadbalancer.sh PUBLIC_IP Webserver-1 Webserver-2

#####  ./configure_nginx_loadbalancer.sh 54.90.83.129 18.234.230.94:8000 54.175.35.61:8000

############################################################################################################# 



PUBLIC_IP=54.90.83.129

firstWebserver=18.234.230.94:8000

secondWebserver=54.175.35.61:8000



[ -z "${PUBLIC_IP}" ] && echo "Please pass the Public IP of your EC2 instance as the argument to the script" && exit 1



[ -z "${firstWebserver}" ] && echo "Please pass the Public IP together with its port number in this format: 127.0.0.1:8000 as the second argument to the script" && exit 1



[ -z "${secondWebserver}" ] && echo "Please pass the Public IP together with its port number in this format: 127.0.0.1:8000 as the third argument to the script" && exit 1



set -x # debug mode

set -e # exit the script if there is an error

set -o pipefail # exit the script when there is a pipe failure



sudo apt update -y && sudo apt install nginx -y

sudo systemctl status nginx



if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then

    sudo touch /etc/nginx/conf.d/loadbalancer.conf



    sudo chmod 777 /etc/nginx/conf.d/loadbalancer.conf

    sudo chmod 777 -R /etc/nginx/



    

    echo " upstream backend_servers {



            # your are to replace the public IP and Port to that of your webservers

            server  "${firstWebserver}"; # public IP and port for webserver 1

            server "${secondWebserver}"; # public IP and port for webserver 2



            }



           server {

            listen 80;

            server_name "${PUBLIC_IP}";



            location / {

                proxy_pass http://backend_servers;   

            }

    } " > /etc/nginx/conf.d/loadbalancer.conf

fi



sudo nginx -t



sudo systemctl restart nginx

```



![load balancer script](./images/3.%20loadbalancer_script.png)



* Assign executable permissions on the file using the command shown below:



```sh

sudo chmod +x nginx.sh

```



![chmod nginx.sh](./images/3.%20chmod%20nginx_sh.png)



* Run the shell script using the command shown below:



```sh

./nginx.sh

```



![run load balncer script](./images/3.%20run%20loadbalancer_script.png)



* Go to your web browser and paste the following URL to verify the setup:



```sh

http://public_ip_address_of_load_balancer:80

```



![http ip load balancer1](./images/3.%20http%20ip1.png)



![http ip load balancer2](./images/3.%20http%20ip2.png)



_Each time you refresh the page, you will see the web page of **Web Server 1** and **Web Server 2** as shown above._