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https://github.com/ember-learn/super-rentals-tutorial


https://github.com/ember-learn/super-rentals-tutorial

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# Runnable super-rentals tutorial



[![Build Status](https://github.com/ember-learn/super-rentals-tutorial/actions/workflows/build.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ember-learn/super-rentals-tutorial/actions/workflows/build.yml)



## What?



This allows you to create a runnable tutorial by embedding special runnable

instructions (directives) in the markdown source, using the triple-backtick

markdown code block syntax. These code blocks will be executed at build time

and replaced with their output in the final markdown files.



## Why?



* Make sure the tutorial steps are up-to-date and working correctly with the

  latest Ember, Ember CLI EmberData, etc.

* Save time by not having to manually sync the content with upstream blueprint

  changes!

* Easy to maintain – changing a step early on in the tutorial automatically

  propagates to later steps (in code snippets, etc).

* A fantastic integration test suite for the Ember ecosystem!



## What?



### `run:command`



Run one or more commands.



Example:



    ```run:command

    ember new super-rentals

    ```



Result:



    ```

    > ember new super-rentals

    installing

      create .editorconfig

      create .ember-cli.js

      create .eslintignore

      create .eslintrc.js

      create .template-lintrc.js

      create .travis.yml

      create .watchmanconfig

      create README.md

      create app/app.js

      create app/index.html

      create app/resolver.js

      create app/router.js

      create app/styles/app.css

      create app/templates/application.hbs

      create config/environment.js

      create config/optional-features.json

      create config/targets.js

      create ember-cli-build.js

      create .gitignore

      create jsconfig.json

      create package.json

      create public/robots.txt

      create testem.js

      create tests/index.html

      create tests/test-helper.js

    npm: Installed dependencies

    Successfully initialized git.

    ```



The content of the source code block is the command(s) to run.



Commands can span multiple lines using `\` at the end of each line to signal

line-continuation, as in:



    ```run:command

    echo "This is a \

      command that \

      spans multiple \

      lines."

    ```



Multiple commands can be supplied. If any of them fails, it will fail the

build.



    ```run:command

    npm run lint:hbs

    npm run lint:js

    npm run test

    ```



Lines starting with `#` and empty lines are ignored.



Options:



* `lang`



  The syntax highlight language to use in the resulting code block. Defaults

  to `shell`.



* `hidden=true`



  Run the command(s), but omit the code block from the final markdown file

  entirely.



* `cwd`



  Specify a CWD (relative to `dist/code`) for the command. This defaults to

  `.` (i.e. `dist/code`), but most of the time you probably want to set it to

  `super-rentals` (i.e. `dist/code/super-rentals`). Unfortunately, we cannot

  just make that the default, because at the beginning of the tutorial, the

  folder does not exists yet. (Generating the app is part of the tutorial.)



* `captureCommand=false`



  Run the command(s), but omit the command(s) themselves from the resulting

  code block.



* `captureOutput=false`



  Run the command(s), but omit their output from the resulting code block.



### `run:file:create`



Create a file.



Example:



    ```run:file:create lang=handlebars cwd=super-rentals filename=app/templates/index.hbs

    


      


      
Welcome to Super Rentals!


      
We hope you find exactly what you're looking for in a place to stay.


    


    ```



Result:



    ```handlebars { data-filename="app/templates/index.hbs" }

    


      


      
Welcome to Super Rentals!


      
We hope you find exactly what you're looking for in a place to stay.


    


    ```



The content of the source code block is used to populate the newly created

file. It is also rendered into the resulting code block. A trailing newline

will be added automatically, if it's not already included in the source code

block.



Options:



* `lang`



  The syntax highlight language to use in the resulting code block.



* `hidden=true`



  Create the file, but omit the code block from the final markdown file

  entirely.



* `cwd`



  Specify a CWD (relative to `dist/code`) for the filename. This defaults to

  `.` (i.e. `dist/code`), but most of the time you probably want to set it to

  `super-rentals` (i.e. `dist/code/super-rentals`). Otherwise, the resulting

  code block will have its `data-filename` set to `super-rentals/app/...`,

  which is probably not what you want. Unfortunately, we cannot just make that

  the default, because at the beginning of the tutorial, the folder does not

  exists yet. (Generating the app is part of the tutorial.)



* `filename` (**required**)



  The filename (the path relative to `cwd`) used for creating the file. Also

  sets the `data-filename` metadata field in the resulting code block.



### `run:file:copy`



Copy a file or folder from the `assets` folder.



Example:



    ```run:file:copy lang=css src=downloads/style.css cwd=super-rentals filename=app/styles/app.css

    @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,300italic,400,700,700italic);



    /**

     * Base Elements

     */



    * {

      margin: 0;

      padding: 0;

    }



    /** ...snip... */

    ```



Result:



    ```css { data-filename="app/styles/app.css" }

    @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,300italic,400,700,700italic);



    /**

     * Base Elements

     */



    * {

      margin: 0;

      padding: 0;

    }



    /** ...snip... */

    ```



If the source is a file, then the source file's content will be rendered into

the resulting code block. ~~If the source is a folder, its structure will be

rendered into the resulting code block using a format similar to the Unix

`tree` command.~~



If the source code block is non-empty, its content will be rendered into the

resulting code block in place of the default output described above. This is

useful because the file you are copying is probably quite large, and you don't

necessarily want to render the whole file into the resulting markdown file.



Options:



* `lang`



  The syntax highlight language to use in the resulting code block.



* `hidden=true`



  Copy the file, but omit the code block from the final markdown file entirely.



* `cwd`



  Specify a CWD (relative to `dist/code`) for the filename. This defaults to

  `.` (i.e. `dist/code`), but most of the time you probably want to set it to

  `super-rentals` (i.e. `dist/code/super-rentals`). Otherwise, the resulting

  code block will have its `data-filename` set to `super-rentals/app/...`,

  which is probably not what you want. Unfortunately, we cannot just make that

  the default, because at the beginning of the tutorial, the folder does not

  exists yet. (Generating the app is part of the tutorial.)



* `src` (**required**)



  The source filename (the path relative to `dist/assets`) used for creating

  the file. Also sets the `data-filename` metadata field in the resulting code

  block.



* `filename` (**required**)



  The filename (the path relative to `cwd`) used for creating the file. Also

  sets the `data-filename` metadata field in the resulting code block.



### `run:file:patch`



Edit a file by applying a git patch.



Example:



    ```run:file:patch lang=js cwd=super-rentals filename=app/router.js

    @@ -9,2 +9,3 @@

     Router.map(function() {

    +  this.route('about');

     });

    ```



Result:



    ```js { data-filename="app/router.js" data-diff="+9" }

    import EmberRouter from '@ember/routing/router';

    import config from './config/environment';



    const Router = EmberRouter.extend({

      location: config.locationType,

      rootURL: config.rootURL

    });



    Router.map(function() {

      this.router('about');

    });



    export default Router;

    ```



The content of the source code block is the git patch to apply.



A patch can be generated by modifying a file, and running `git diff -U`.



It is often a good idea to ask git to include minimal context to make the patch

more resilient to changes in the blueprints. You can control the number of

context lines included in the diff by passing a number to `-U`, such as

`git diff -U1`. You can also manually edit and tweak the resulting patch to

keep a useful amount of context for the task at hand.



It appears that the `diff ...` header line as well as the `index ...` line, as

well as the "hunk context" (the text after the `@@ ... @@`) can be safely

omitted. The `--- filename` and `+++ filename` lines are required by git, but

can be omitted in the block; the directive will prepend them for you based on

the `filename` argument if they are not already included in the patch.



A good workflow for generating patches:



* Insert `run:pause` at the appropriate spot

* Make sure the file you are editing is clean or staged (`git add file`)

* Make the changes

* `git diff -U1 > diff.patch`, play with the context number, tweak the patch by

  hand until you are happy with how it looks (keeping source-readability in

  mind)

* Undo the changes with `git checkout file`

* Test the patch with `git apply diff.patch`



Even though the patch contains line numbers, those are only used as "hints"

when applying the diff. In practice, a well crafted patch could be quite

resilient. For instance, the patch given in the example has been verified to

apply cleanly even if the router blueprint has been changed to this:



```js

import EmberRouter from '@ember/routing/router';

import config from './config/environment';



export default class Router extends EmberRouter {

 location = config.locationType;

 rootURL = config.rootURL;

}



Router.map(function() {

});

```



As you can see, even though the line numbers have shifted around, git has no

trouble finding the relevant router map section from the above.



If the patch fails to apply cleanly, it will fail the build.



The resulting code block will contain the "combined" source of the file being

edited, with `data-diff` metadata field indicated the removed and added lines.

We can use this data on the client side to format the diff output. Potentially

we can render it using an interactive component that allows you to toggle

between the before/after/combined source, as well as folding away the unchanged

lines.



Options:



* `lang`



  The syntax highlight language to use in the resulting code block.



* `hidden=true`



  Edit the file, but omit the code block from the final markdown file entirely.



* `cwd`



  Specify a CWD (relative to `dist/code`) for the filename. This defaults to

  `.` (i.e. `dist/code`), but most of the time you probably want to set it to

  `super-rentals` (i.e. `dist/code/super-rentals`). Otherwise, the resulting

  code block will have its `data-filename` set to `super-rentals/app/...`,

  which is probably not what you want. Unfortunately, we cannot just make that

  the default, because at the beginning of the tutorial, the folder does not

  exists yet. (Generating the app is part of the tutorial.)



* `filename`



  The filename (the path relative to `cwd`) used for creating the file. Also

  sets the `data-filename` metadata field in the resulting code block.



  This is also used to format the patch before sending it to `git apply`, so

  it is required unless they are already included in the patch and the block is

  set to `hidden`.



### `run:file:show`



Render the content of a file ~~or a folder~~.



Example:



    ```run:file:show lang=handlebars cwd=super-rentals filename=app/templates/index.hbs

    ```



Result:



    ```handlebars { data-filename="app/templates/index.hbs" }

    


      


      
Welcome to Super Rentals!


      
We hope you find exactly what you're looking for in a place to stay.


    


    ```



The content of the source code block is not used. ~~If the source is a folder,

its structure will be rendered into the resulting code block using a format

similar to the Unix `tree` command.~~



Options:



* `lang`



  The syntax highlight language to use in the resulting code block.



* `cwd`



  Specify a CWD (relative to `dist/code`) for the filename. This defaults to

  `.` (i.e. `dist/code`), but most of the time you probably want to set it to

  `super-rentals` (i.e. `dist/code/super-rentals`). Otherwise, the resulting

  code block will have its `data-filename` set to `super-rentals/app/...`,

  which is probably not what you want. Unfortunately, we cannot just make that

  the default, because at the beginning of the tutorial, the folder does not

  exists yet. (Generating the app is part of the tutorial.)



* `filename` (**required**)



  The filename (the path relative to `cwd`) used for reading the file. Also

  sets the `data-filename` metadata field in the resulting code block.



### `run:checkpoint`



Indicates a checkpoint where the following steps are performed:



* `yarn test`

* Optionally, commit the current changes

* Verify the git tree is clean (i.e. no dirty or untracked files)



This directive does not produce any output. If any of the steps failed, it will

fail the build.



Example:



    ```run:checkpoint cwd=super-rentals

    Chapter 1

    ```



The content of the source code block is the git commit message.



To avoid failing the "clean tree" test, you should be adding any created or

modified files to the staging area as you go, using `run:command hidden=true`

code blocks.



* `cwd`



  Specify a CWD (relative to `dist/code`) for the command. This defaults to

  `.` (i.e. `dist/code`), but most of the time you probably want to set it to

  `super-rentals` (i.e. `dist/code/super-rentals`). Unfortunately, we cannot

  just make that the default, because at the beginning of the tutorial, the

  folder does not exists yet. (Generating the app is part of the tutorial.)



* `commit=false`



  Don't create a git commit, but still run the other checks, *including the

  "clean tree" test*. This is only useful if the chapter did not make any

  changes at all, or one of the visible `run:command` blocks already committed

  the changes as part of the tutorial flow.



### `run:ignore` (or `run:ignore:*`)



Ignore the source code block, and omit it from the final markdown file

entirely.



This is useful for temporarily disabling a directive code block for debugging,

or because it is not working, while still keeping the code in the source file.

Essentially, this is how you "comment out" a directive code block.



For your convenience, you can pass any sub-directive after `run:ignore:`, or

pass any arguments to it. This allows you to just insert `:ignore:` into an

existing directive code block to disable it, without making any other changes.



Example:



    ```run:ignore:command cwd=super-rentals

    # FIXME: don't run this for now, since Heroku is down atm

    git push heroku main

    ```



### `run:pause`



Pause the build until you are ready to resume.



This allows you to examine the state of things at a specific point in the

tutorial, which is useful for debugging, taking screenshots or generating

diff patches. Essentially, this is the `this.pauseTest()` for the tutorial.



Example:



    ```run:pause

    Manually record a gif of performing the following steps:



    ...snip...

    ```



The content of the source code block will be printed to the command line

prompt. This directive does not produce any output.



### `run:server:start`



Start a server (background task).



Example:



    ```run:server:start cwd=super-rentals expect="Serving on http://localhost:4200/"

    npm start

    ```



Result:



    ```shell

    $ npm start

    Build successful (9006ms) – Serving on http://localhost:4200/

    ```



The content of the source code block is the command for starting the server.

Unlike `run:command`, you can only pass a single command, thought the command

may span multiple lines if needed, using `\` at the end of each line to signal

line-continuation.



Lines starting with `#` and empty lines are ignored.



All servers started with this directive must be explicitly shut down with the

`run:server:stop` directive before the end of the file, otherwise the build

will fail.



Options:



* `id`



  A unique identifier to reference this server process, which is needed when

  shutting it down later. This is optional; by default, the command to start

  the server is used as the id, but this allows you to specify a shorter name

  if desired.



* `lang`



  The syntax highlight language to use in the resulting code block. Defaults

  to `shell`.



* `hidden=true`



  Start the server, but omit the code block from the final markdown file

  entirely.



* `cwd`



  Specify a CWD (relative to `dist/code`) for the command. This defaults to

  `.` (i.e. `dist/code`), but most of the time you probably want to set it to

  `super-rentals` (i.e. `dist/code/super-rentals`). Unfortunately, we cannot

  just make that the default, because at the beginning of the tutorial, the

  folder does not exists yet. (Generating the app is part of the tutorial.)



* `expect`



  Wait for a particular string to appear on STDOUT to ensure the server has

  started successfully, before moving on to the next step.



* `timeout`



  Wait for some time to pass (specified in seconds) before moving on to the

  next step.



  If used in conjunction with the `expect` option, it will fail the step if the

  checks are not completed before the deadline.



* `captureCommand=false`



  Omit the command used to start the server from the resulting code block.



* `captureOutput=false`



  Omit the output of the command used to start the server from the resulting

  code block.



### `run:server:stop`



Stop a server (background task) previously started with `run:server:start`.



Example:



    ```run:server:stop

    npm start

    ```



The content of the source code block is the command used to start the server.

This directive does not produce any output.



Options:



* `id`



  A unique identifier to reference the server process (see `run:server:start`).

  If this option is passed, the content block is ignored.



## How?



* Requires `git`

* Probably only works on Unix/bash for now (PRs welcome)

  * Should probably run the build in a docker container anyway

* `yarn install`

* `MAPBOX_ACCESS_TOKEN=your-token-here yarn build`

  * Please note that you will need a Mapbox token in order to successfully run `yarn build`, otherwise the build will fail due to failing to load the map images. You can get your own token [here](https://account.mapbox.com/access-tokens). Once you have a token, you should assign it to the `MAPBOX_ACCESS_TOKEN` environment variable.

* Processed markdown can be found in `dist/markdown`

* The `super-rentals` code can be found in `dist/code/super-rentals`



## Future Work



* `run:gif`

* Improve the build output

* Extract this from `super-rentals` and make it usable for building arbitrary

  runnable tutorials



## Prior Art



* [RunDOC](https://github.com/schneems/rundoc)