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https://github.com/enetx/g

Functional programming framework for Go.
https://github.com/enetx/g

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Functional programming framework for Go.

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# g - Functional programming framework for Go.

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```bash
go get github.com/enetx/g
```

Requires **Go 1.24+**

---

## Quick Start

```go
package main

import (
"fmt"
"github.com/enetx/g"
)

func main() {
// Slice with functional operations
g.SliceOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
Iter().
Filter(func(x int) bool { return x%2 == 0 }).
Map(func(x int) int { return x * x }).
Collect().
Println() // Slice[4, 16]

// Safe map access with Option
m := g.NewMap[string, int]()
m.Insert("key", 42)

value := m.Get("key").UnwrapOr(0)
fmt.Println(value) // 42

// Result for error handling
result := g.String("123").TryInt()
if result.IsOk() {
fmt.Println(result.Unwrap()) // 123
}
}
```

---

## Navigation

| Core | Collections | Sync | Types |
|:----:|:-----------:|:----:|:-----:|
| [Option](#option) | [Slice](#slice) | [Mutex](#mutex) | [String](#string) |
| [Result](#result) | [Map](#map) | [RwLock](#rwlock) | [Int/Float](#int--float) |
| [Iterators](#iterators) | [Set](#set) | [Pool](#pool) | [Bytes](#bytes) |
| | [Heap](#heap) | | [File/Dir](#file--directory) |
| | [Deque](#deque) | | |

---

## Option

Safe nullable values: `Some(value)` or `None`.

```go
opt := g.Some(42) // Some(42)
none := g.None[int]() // None

opt.IsSome() // true
opt.Unwrap() // 42 (panics if None)
opt.UnwrapOr(0) // 42 (returns default if None)
opt.UnwrapOrDefault() // 42 (returns zero value if None)

// From map lookup
v, ok := myMap[key]
opt := g.OptionOf(v, ok)

// Chaining
g.Some(5).Then(func(x int) g.Option[int] {
return g.Some(x * 2)
}) // Some(10)
```

All Option Methods

| Method | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| `IsSome()` | Returns true if contains value |
| `IsNone()` | Returns true if empty |
| `Some()` | Returns value (same as Unwrap) |
| `Unwrap()` | Returns value, panics if None |
| `UnwrapOr(default)` | Returns value or default |
| `UnwrapOrDefault()` | Returns value or zero value |
| `UnwrapOrElse(fn)` | Returns value or result of fn |
| `Expect(msg)` | Returns value, panics with msg if None |
| `Then(fn)` | Transforms value if Some |
| `Option()` | Returns (value, bool) |
| `Take()` | Takes value, leaves None |
| `Filter(fn)` | Returns None if predicate fails |

---

## Result

Success (`Ok`) or failure (`Err`) with error.

```go
ok := g.Ok(42) // Ok(42)
err := g.Err[int](errors.New("failed")) // Err

ok.IsOk() // true
ok.Unwrap() // 42
err.UnwrapOr(0) // 0

// From standard (value, error) pattern
result := g.ResultOf(strconv.Atoi("42")) // Ok(42)
result := g.String("42").TryInt() // Ok(42)

// Chaining
g.Ok(10).Then(func(x int) g.Result[int] {
return g.Ok(x * 2)
}) // Ok(20)

// Convert to Option (discards error)
opt := result.Option() // Some(42)
```

All Result Methods

| Method | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| `IsOk()` | Returns true if success |
| `IsErr()` | Returns true if error |
| `Ok()` | Returns value (same as Unwrap) |
| `Err()` | Returns error |
| `Unwrap()` | Returns value, panics if Err |
| `UnwrapOr(default)` | Returns value or default |
| `UnwrapOrDefault()` | Returns value or zero value |
| `UnwrapOrElse(fn)` | Returns value or result of fn |
| `Expect(msg)` | Returns value, panics with msg |
| `Then(fn)` | Chains operation if Ok |
| `ThenOf(fn)` | Chains (T, error) function |
| `MapErr(fn)` | Transforms error if Err |
| `Option()` | Converts to Option |
| `Result()` | Returns (value, error) |

---

## Slice

Extended slice with 90+ methods.

```go
s := g.SliceOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
s := g.NewSlice[int](10) // with capacity

s.Len() // Int(5)
s.Get(0) // Some(1)
s.Get(100) // None (safe!)
s.Last() // Some(5)
s.Contains(3) // true

s.Push(6, 7) // append in place
s.Pop() // Some(7)
s.Clone() // safe copy

// Sorting
s.SortBy(cmp.Cmp) // ascending
s.Reverse() // in place
s.Shuffle() // random order
```

All Slice Methods

| Category | Methods |
|----------|---------|
| **Access** | `Get`, `Last`, `First`, `Random`, `RandomSample` |
| **Modify** | `Set`, `Push`, `Pop`, `Insert`, `Remove`, `Clear` |
| **Search** | `Contains`, `ContainsBy`, `Index`, `IndexBy` |
| **Transform** | `Clone`, `Reverse`, `Shuffle`, `SortBy`, `SubSlice` |
| **Convert** | `Iter`, `Heap`, `Std` |
| **Info** | `Len`, `Cap`, `IsEmpty` |

---

## Map

Extended map with Entry API.

```go
m := g.NewMap[string, int]()

m.Insert("a", 1) // insert value
m.Get("a") // Some(1)
m.Get("x") // None
m.Contains("a") // true
m.Remove("a") // remove

m.Keys() // Slice of keys
m.Values() // Slice of values
```

### Entry API

Efficient update without multiple lookups:

```go
// Insert if absent
m.Entry("counter").OrInsert(0)

// Update if present, insert if absent
m.Entry("counter").AndModify(func(v *int) { *v++ }).OrInsert(1)

// Lazy initialization
m.Entry("key").OrInsertWith(func() int {
return expensiveComputation()
})
```

**Word frequency example:**
```go
words := g.SliceOf("apple", "banana", "apple", "cherry", "banana", "apple")
freq := g.NewMap[string, int]()

for _, word := range words {
freq.Entry(word).AndModify(func(v *int) { *v++ }).OrInsert(1)
}
// {"apple": 3, "banana": 2, "cherry": 1}
```

Entry Pattern Matching

```go
switch e := m.Entry("key").(type) {
case g.OccupiedEntry[string, int]:
fmt.Println("Exists:", e.Get())
e.Insert(newValue) // replace
e.Remove() // delete
case g.VacantEntry[string, int]:
e.Insert(defaultValue) // insert
}
```

---

## Set

Collection of unique elements.

```go
s := g.SetOf(1, 2, 3)
s.Insert(4) // add
s.Remove(1) // remove
s.Contains(2) // true
```

### Set Operations

```go
a := g.SetOf(1, 2, 3, 4)
b := g.SetOf(3, 4, 5, 6)

a.Union(b).Collect() // {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
a.Intersection(b).Collect() // {3, 4}
a.Difference(b).Collect() // {1, 2}
a.SymmetricDifference(b).Collect() // {1, 2, 5, 6}

a.Subset(b) // false
a.Superset(b) // false
```

---

## Heap

Priority queue (binary heap).

```go
import "github.com/enetx/g/cmp"

// Min-heap (smallest first)
h := g.NewHeap(cmp.Cmp[int])
h.Push(5, 3, 8, 1, 9)

h.Peek() // Some(1)
h.Pop() // Some(1)
h.Pop() // Some(3)

// Max-heap (largest first)
maxH := g.NewHeap(func(a, b int) cmp.Ordering {
return cmp.Cmp(b, a)
})

// From slice
heap := g.SliceOf(5, 3, 8, 1).Heap(cmp.Cmp)
```

---

## Deque

Double-ended queue (ring buffer). O(1) at both ends.

```go
dq := g.NewDeque[int]()
dq := g.DequeOf(1, 2, 3)

dq.PushFront(0) // add to front
dq.PushBack(4) // add to back

dq.Front() // Some(0)
dq.Back() // Some(4)

dq.PopFront() // Some(0)
dq.PopBack() // Some(4)

dq.Get(1) // element at index
dq.Len() // length
dq.IsEmpty() // true/false
```

---

## Iterators

Functional operations on sequences.

```go
g.SliceOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10).
Iter().
Filter(func(x int) bool { return x%2 == 0 }).
Map(func(x int) int { return x * x }).
Take(3).
Collect()
// [4, 16, 36]
```

### Common Patterns

```go
// Chain iterators
g.SliceOf(1, 2).Iter().Chain(g.SliceOf(3, 4).Iter()).Collect()
// [1, 2, 3, 4]

// Sum with Fold
g.SliceOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).Iter().Fold(0, func(acc, x int) int { return acc + x })
// 15

// Enumerate
g.SliceOf("a", "b", "c").Iter().Enumerate().ForEach(func(i g.Int, v string) {
fmt.Printf("%d: %s\n", i, v)
})

// Using f package predicates
import "github.com/enetx/g/f"

g.SliceOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).Iter().Filter(f.Ne(3)).Collect() // [1, 2, 4, 5]
g.SliceOf("", "a", "").Iter().Exclude(f.IsZero).Collect() // ["a"]
```

All Iterator Methods

| Transform | Slice | Combine | Aggregate | Search | Other |
|-----------|-------|---------|-----------|--------|-------|
| `Map` | `Take` | `Chain` | `Collect` | `Find` | `ForEach` |
| `Filter` | `Skip` | `Zip` | `Fold` | `Any` | `Inspect` |
| `Exclude` | `StepBy` | `Enumerate` | `Reduce` | `All` | `Range` |
| `FilterMap` | `First` | `Intersperse` | `Count` | `MaxBy` | `Scan` |
| `FlatMap` | `Last` | `Cycle` | `Counter` | `MinBy` | `Combinations` |
| `Flatten` | `Nth` | | `Partition` | | `Permutations` |
| `Dedup` | `Chunks` | | `GroupBy` | | `Context` |
| `Unique` | `Windows` | | | | `Chan` |
| `SortBy` | | | | | `Parallel` |

---

## Mutex

Typed mutex — data bound to lock.

```go
counter := g.NewMutex(0)

// Lock and modify
guard := counter.Lock()
guard.Set(guard.Get() + 1)
guard.Unlock()

// With defer (recommended)
func increment(c *g.Mutex[int]) {
guard := c.Lock()
defer guard.Unlock()
guard.Set(guard.Get() + 1)
}

// Direct pointer access
guard := counter.Lock()
defer guard.Unlock()
*guard.Deref() += 1

// Non-blocking
if opt := counter.TryLock(); opt.IsSome() {
guard := opt.Unwrap()
defer guard.Unlock()
// got the lock
}
```

**Why typed mutex?**
```go
// Traditional — easy to forget locking
type Old struct {
mu sync.Mutex
data map[string]int // what protects this?
}

// Typed — impossible to access without lock
type New struct {
data *g.Mutex[g.Map[string, int]]
}

func (s *New) Get(key string) g.Option[int] {
guard := s.data.Lock()
defer guard.Unlock()
return guard.Deref().Get(key)
}
```

---

## RwLock

Multiple readers OR single writer.

```go
config := g.NewRwLock(Config{Port: 8080})

// Read (concurrent)
func getPort(c *g.RwLock[Config]) int {
guard := c.Read()
defer guard.Unlock()
return guard.Get().Port
}

// Write (exclusive)
func setPort(c *g.RwLock[Config], port int) {
guard := c.Write()
defer guard.Unlock()
guard.Deref().Port = port
}

// Non-blocking
if opt := config.TryRead(); opt.IsSome() { ... }
if opt := config.TryWrite(); opt.IsSome() { ... }
```

| Use Case | Choose |
|----------|--------|
| Read-heavy (config, cache) | `RwLock` |
| Write-heavy or balanced | `Mutex` |
| Simple counters | `Mutex` |

---

## Pool

Goroutine pool for parallel tasks.

```go
import "github.com/enetx/g/pool"

p := pool.New[int]().Limit(4)

for i := range 10 {
p.Go(func() g.Result[int] {
return g.Ok(i * 2)
})
}

for result := range p.Wait() {
if result.IsOk() {
fmt.Println(result.Unwrap())
}
}
```

With Context and Cancel on Error

```go
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
defer cancel()

p := pool.New[int]().
Context(ctx).
CancelOnError().
Limit(4)

for i := range 100 {
p.Go(func() g.Result[int] {
if i == 50 {
return g.Err[int](errors.New("error"))
}
return g.Ok(i)
})
}

for result := range p.Wait() {
// stops after first error
}
```

---

## String

Extended string with 80+ methods.

```go
s := g.String("Hello, World!")

s.Len() // 13
s.Upper() // "HELLO, WORLD!"
s.Lower() // "hello, world!"
s.Contains("World") // true
s.Split(", ").Collect() // ["Hello", "World!"]
s.Trim() // remove whitespace

// Conversions
s.Std() // Go string
s.Bytes() // Bytes type
g.String("42").TryInt() // Result[Int]

// Encoding
s.Hash().MD5() // hash
s.Encode().Base64() // encode
s.Compress().Gzip() // compress
```

---

## Int / Float

Numeric types with utility methods.

```go
i := g.Int(42)

i.Add(8) // 50
i.Mul(2) // 84
i.Abs() // absolute value
i.Min(10, 20) // minimum
i.Max(10, 20) // maximum

i.IsZero() // false
i.IsPositive() // true
i.IsNegative() // false

i.Binary() // binary string
i.Hex() // hex string

// Float
f := g.Float(3.14159)
f.Round() // Int(3)
f.RoundDecimal(2) // Float(3.14)
f.Sqrt() // square root

// Compare
i.Cmp(g.Int(50)) // cmp.Less
```

---

## Bytes

Extended byte slice.

```go
b := g.Bytes([]byte("Hello"))

b.Len()
b.Upper()
b.Lower()
b.Contains([]byte("ell"))

b.String() // to String
b.Std() // to []byte
```

---

## File / Directory

### File

```go
// Read/Write
content := g.NewFile("config.json").Read() // Result[String]
g.NewFile("output.txt").Write("Hello")
g.NewFile("log.txt").Append("line\n")

// Open a new file with the specified name "text.txt" and process it line by line.
g.NewFile("text.txt").
Lines(). // Reads the file line by line.
Skip(2). // Skips the first 2 lines in the iterator.
Exclude(f.IsZero). // Excludes lines that are empty or contain only whitespaces.
Dedup(). // Removes consecutive duplicate lines.
Map(g.String.Upper). // Converts each line to uppercase.
Range(func(s g.Result[g.String]) bool { // Iterates over the lines while a condition is true.
if s.IsErr() { // Handles any errors encountered while reading lines.
fmt.Println("Error:", s.Err())
return false // Stops the iteration if an error occurs.
}

if s.Ok().Contains("COULD") { // Checks if the line contains the substring "COULD".
return false // Stops the iteration if the condition is met.
}

fmt.Println(s.Ok()) // Prints the line.
return true // Continues the iteration.
})

// Properties
f := g.NewFile("test.txt")
f.Exist() // check existence
f.Stat() // file info
f.Copy("backup.txt") // copy
f.Rename("new.txt") // rename
f.Remove() // delete
```

### File Guard (Exclusive Lock)

```go
f := g.NewFile("data.txt").Guard() // holds exclusive lock
f.Write("exclusive data")
f.Close() // release lock
```

### Directory

```go
g.NewDir("mydir").Create()
g.NewDir("path/to/deep").CreateAll()

// Read contents
for file := range g.NewDir(".").Read() {
if file.IsOk() {
file.Ok().Name().Println()
}
}

// Recursively walk through the directory tree starting from the current directory
g.NewDir(".").Walk().
// Exclude directories and symlinked directories
Exclude(func(f *g.File) bool { return f.IsDir() && f.Dir().Ok().IsLink() }).
// Exclude file symlinks
Exclude((*File).IsLink).
// Process each walk result
ForEach(func(v g.Result[*g.File]) {
if v.IsOk() {
// Print the path of the file if no error occurred
v.Ok().Path().Ok().Println()
}
})

// Iterate over and print the names of files in the current directory with a *.go extension
g.NewDir("*.go").Glob().ForEach(func(f g.Result[*g.File]) { f.Ok().Name().Println() })

// Copy the contents of the current directory to a new directory named "copy".
g.NewDir(".").Copy("copy").Unwrap()
```

---

## Other Maps

### MapOrd — Ordered Map

Maintains insertion order.

```go
m := g.NewMapOrd[string, int]()
m.Insert("c", 3)
m.Insert("a", 1)
m.Insert("b", 2)

for k, v := range m.Iter() {
fmt.Println(k, v) // c, a, b order
}

m.SortByKey(cmp.Cmp) // sort by key
m.SortByValue(cmp.Cmp) // sort by value
```

### MapSafe — Concurrent Map

Thread-safe for concurrent access.

```go
m := g.NewMapSafe[string, int]()

// Safe from multiple goroutines
go func() { m.Insert("a", 1) }()
go func() { m.Get("a") }()
```

---

## License

MIT License