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https://github.com/ewdlop/experimentalphysicsnote

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_physics#CosmicDust
https://github.com/ewdlop/experimentalphysicsnote

dimensional-analysis lab-view linear-regression propagation-of-uncertainty public-exposure signal-processing significant-figures spectroscopy

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_physics#CosmicDust

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README 

          
# Experimental Physics Note



[Modeling Psychological Systems with Ternary Spin Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSGFTh0Mzfg&list=PL6AP53fKMAr1m1LX-5QqYpZucltcw7Gku)



Materia Science vs Condense Matter Physics 



and 



Moore's Law



## Solid State Physics vs Condense Matter Physics



## Physical Laboratory Equipment Guide



## 1. Mechanics Equipment



### Measurement Devices

- **Vernier Caliper**

  - Purpose: Precise length measurements

  - Range: Typically 0-150mm

  - Precision: 0.02mm or 0.01mm



- **Micrometer**

  - Purpose: Very precise thickness/diameter measurements

  - Range: Usually 0-25mm

  - Precision: 0.01mm



- **Digital Balance**

  - Purpose: Mass measurements

  - Range: Varies (0-200g to 0-5kg common)

  - Precision: 0.01g to 0.001g



### Motion Study Equipment

- **Air Track**

  - Purpose: Study motion with minimal friction

  - Components: Track, blower, gliders, photogates

  

- **Ticker Timer**

  - Purpose: Record motion at regular intervals

  - Components: Timer, tape, carbon disk



- **Digital Stopwatch**

  - Purpose: Time measurement

  - Precision: 0.01s typical



### Force and Energy

- **Force Sensor**

  - Purpose: Measure forces digitally

  - Range: Typically ±50N

  - Connects to computer/data logger



- **Springs**

  - Purpose: Study Hooke's Law, oscillations

  - Various spring constants available



- **Simple Pendulum**

  - Purpose: Study periodic motion

  - Components: Bob, string, support



## 2. Optics Equipment



### Light Sources

- **Laser**

  - Purpose: Coherent light source

  - Types: He-Ne, diode lasers

  - Typical wavelength: 633nm (red)



- **Ray Box**

  - Purpose: Study light rays

  - Components: Light source, slits, mirrors



### Optical Elements

- **Lenses**

  - Types: Convex, concave

  - Various focal lengths

  - Usually glass or acrylic



- **Mirrors**

  - Types: Plane, concave, convex

  - Usually front-silvered for precision



- **Optical Bench**

  - Purpose: Align optical components

  - Components: Bench, holders, scales



### Wave Optics

- **Diffraction Gratings**

  - Purpose: Study light wavelengths

  - Lines/mm: 300, 600 common



- **Polarizers**

  - Purpose: Study light polarization

  - Usually plastic film type



## 3. Electricity & Magnetism



### Measurement Devices

- **Digital Multimeter**

  - Measures: Voltage, current, resistance

  - Ranges: Up to 1000V, 10A typical



- **Oscilloscope**

  - Purpose: Visualize electrical signals

  - Digital storage common now

  - Bandwidth: 20-100MHz typical



### Power Sources

- **DC Power Supply**

  - Output: Usually 0-30V, 0-3A

  - Features: Current limiting, digital display



- **Signal Generator**

  - Purpose: Generate various waveforms

  - Frequency range: 0.1Hz-1MHz typical



### Circuit Components

- **Resistors**

  - Various values available

  - Precision: 1% or 5% typical



- **Capacitors**

  - Various capacitances

  - Types: Electrolytic, ceramic



- **Inductors**

  - Various inductances

  - Iron core and air core types



## 4. Thermodynamics



### Temperature Measurement

- **Mercury Thermometer**

  - Range: -10°C to 110°C typical

  - Precision: 0.5°C or 1°C



- **Digital Thermometer**

  - Range: -50°C to 150°C typical

  - Precision: 0.1°C



- **Thermocouple**

  - Range: -200°C to 1200°C

  - Types: K, J most common



### Calorimetry

- **Calorimeter**

  - Purpose: Heat capacity studies

  - Types: Coffee cup, bomb calorimeter



- **Steam Generator**

  - Purpose: Supply steam for heat studies

  - Usually electric heating



## 5. Modern Physics



### Radiation

- **Geiger Counter**

  - Purpose: Detect ionizing radiation

  - Types: α, β, γ radiation



- **Photoelectric Effect Apparatus**

  - Purpose: Study quantum effects

  - Components: Photocell, filters, meter



### Wave-Particle Duality

- **Electron Diffraction Tube**

  - Purpose: Demonstrate wave nature

  - Components: Electron gun, target



## 6. Safety Equipment



### Personal Protection

- **Safety Goggles**

  - Purpose: Eye protection

  - Must be worn with lasers



- **Lab Coat**

  - Purpose: Body protection

  - Usually white cotton



### Emergency Equipment

- **Fire Extinguisher**

  - Types: CO2, dry powder

  - Location: Easily accessible



- **First Aid Kit**

  - Basic medical supplies

  - Must be regularly checked



## 7. Data Collection



### Digital

- **Data Logger**

  - Purpose: Automated data collection

  - Interfaces with various sensors



- **Computer Interface**

  - Purpose: Data analysis

  - Software: Usually provided by manufacturer



### Manual

- **Lab Notebook**

  - Purpose: Record observations

  - Must be bound, permanent



- **Graph Paper**

  - Purpose: Data visualization

  - Various scales available



## Care and Maintenance



1. Always clean equipment after use

2. Store in appropriate conditions

3. Regular calibration needed

4. Report any damage immediately

5. Follow manufacturer's guidelines



## Safety Considerations



1. Read all safety instructions

2. Use protective equipment

3. Know emergency procedures

4. Proper training required

5. Regular safety checks needed



### LabVIEW



[LabVIEW((https://www.reddit.com/r/LabVIEW/))](https://www.reddit.com/r/LabVIEW/)