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https://github.com/f0rkb0mbz/prolog_for_noobs
Some very basic concepts and codes for prolog language!
https://github.com/f0rkb0mbz/prolog_for_noobs
Last synced: 13 days ago
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Some very basic concepts and codes for prolog language!
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/f0rkb0mbz/prolog_for_noobs
- Owner: f0rkb0mbZ
- Created: 2019-11-23T07:47:38.000Z (about 5 years ago)
- Default Branch: master
- Last Pushed: 2019-11-23T13:06:16.000Z (about 5 years ago)
- Last Synced: 2024-05-03T03:48:09.083Z (8 months ago)
- Language: Prolog
- Size: 8.79 KB
- Stars: 1
- Watchers: 2
- Forks: 0
- Open Issues: 0
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
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README
# prolog_for_noobs
Some very basic concepts and codes for prolog language!
### About Prolog
**Prolog**, derived from the `French` for _Programming in Logic_, is a **Declarative** programming language, especially seen in the field of Artificial Intelligence(AI). The language is _declarative_, in the sense that it handles the working of logic all by itself for finding the answers to _logical questions/queries_, once it is given some **facts** and **rules** determining the working of the logic.
### Some basic concepts and syntaxes
Prolog scripts/queries basically are consisted of the following three entities:
- Atoms and numbers: **Atoms** are entities which are named such that they begin with a **small letter** only. They can also be represented by names surrounded by **single quotes** `' '`. **Numbers** represent any **real floating point number**.
```prolog
% Examples of atoms
% tony
% child
% 'Joker' % Notice the atom surrounded by ' '
% doesHomeWork
% goesShopping
% 'likesToEat'
% 'action(percepts)'
```
- Variables: **Variables** are entities capable of _binding to_ (say, storing) any **atom** or **number**. They must be named so that the names begin with either a **capital letter** or the **underscore** `_` character.
```
% Examples of variables
% _ % This is the 'anonymous variable'
% X
% Y
% Tony
% _child
% _80days
% Lives9
```
- Complex Terms: **Complex Terms** can be thought of as a _function_ which defines the relationship between one or more number of entities. The name of the complex term is known as **functor**. The number of arguments the functor takes is known as the **arity** of the functor/complex term. As such, the complex terms can also be represented as `/`.
The functors with different arities are treated as distinct functors.
```prolog
% Example of complex terms
% sour(grapes) % represented as sour/1
% likes(charlie, chocolate) % represented as likes/2
% makes(wonka, chocolate) % represented as makes/2
% makes(elon, cars, cybertruk) % represented as makes/3
% runs(deer, cheetah, human) % represented as runs/3
```
In a prolog script, every statement either consists of a **fact**, or a **rule**, terminated by `.`.
```prolog
% the statement below denotes a fact.
man(socrates). % Read as socrates is a man.
% the statement below denotes a rule.
mortal(X) :- man(X). % Read as 'X' is mortal if 'X' is a man.
```
When querying the above script, the following output could be obtained
```prolog
?- mortal(socrates).
true.
```
The prolog interactive replies to queries by either `yes/true`, `no/false`, or a list of matching values/atoms.
### Contents of the repo
1. Logic
2. Variables
3. Facts and Rules
4. Conjunctions(AND)
5. Disjunctions(OR)
6. Anonymous variables
7. Transitive Logic Example
### How to run the codes
- Navigate to `/codes` directory.
- Launch prolog console.
- Type the name of the file you want to run queries on **without the extension** in `[ ]`.
```prolog
1 ?- [logic0].
true.
```
- If the console returns `true`, you are all set!