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https://github.com/fastify/fast-json-stringify
2x faster than JSON.stringify()
https://github.com/fastify/fast-json-stringify
fastify-library json speed stringify
Last synced: 5 days ago
JSON representation
2x faster than JSON.stringify()
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/fastify/fast-json-stringify
- Owner: fastify
- License: mit
- Created: 2016-07-27T19:09:25.000Z (over 8 years ago)
- Default Branch: master
- Last Pushed: 2025-01-20T08:54:32.000Z (6 days ago)
- Last Synced: 2025-01-20T09:38:30.916Z (6 days ago)
- Topics: fastify-library, json, speed, stringify
- Language: JavaScript
- Homepage: https://npmjs.com/package/fast-json-stringify
- Size: 900 KB
- Stars: 3,534
- Watchers: 32
- Forks: 208
- Open Issues: 33
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- License: LICENSE
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README
# fast-json-stringify
[](https://github.com/fastify/fast-json-stringify/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
[](https://www.npmjs.com/package/fast-json-stringify)
[](https://github.com/neostandard/neostandard)
[](https://www.npmjs.com/package/fast-json-stringify)
__fast-json-stringify__ is significantly faster than `JSON.stringify()` for small payloads.
Its performance advantage shrinks as your payload grows.
It pairs well with [__flatstr__](https://www.npmjs.com/package/flatstr), which triggers a V8 optimization that improves performance when eventually converting the string to a `Buffer`.
### How it works
fast-json-stringify requires a [JSON Schema Draft 7](https://json-schema.org/specification-links.html#draft-7) input to generate a fast `stringify` function.
##### Benchmarks
- Machine: `EX41S-SSD, Intel Core i7, 4Ghz, 64GB RAM, 4C/8T, SSD`.
- Node.js `v18.12.1`
```
FJS creation x 4,129 ops/sec ±0.82% (92 runs sampled)
CJS creation x 184,196 ops/sec ±0.12% (97 runs sampled)
AJV Serialize creation x 61,130,591 ops/sec ±0.40% (92 runs sampled)
JSON.stringify array x 5,057 ops/sec ±0.10% (100 runs sampled)
fast-json-stringify array default x 6,243 ops/sec ±0.14% (98 runs sampled)
fast-json-stringify array json-stringify x 6,261 ops/sec ±0.30% (99 runs sampled)
compile-json-stringify array x 6,842 ops/sec ±0.18% (96 runs sampled)
AJV Serialize array x 6,964 ops/sec ±0.11% (95 runs sampled)
JSON.stringify large array x 248 ops/sec ±0.07% (90 runs sampled)
fast-json-stringify large array default x 99.96 ops/sec ±0.22% (74 runs sampled)
fast-json-stringify large array json-stringify x 248 ops/sec ±0.07% (90 runs sampled)
compile-json-stringify large array x 317 ops/sec ±0.09% (89 runs sampled)
AJV Serialize large array x 111 ops/sec ±0.07% (33 runs sampled)
JSON.stringify long string x 16,002 ops/sec ±0.09% (98 runs sampled)
fast-json-stringify long string x 15,979 ops/sec ±0.09% (96 runs sampled)
compile-json-stringify long string x 15,952 ops/sec ±0.31% (97 runs sampled)
AJV Serialize long string x 21,416 ops/sec ±0.08% (98 runs sampled)
JSON.stringify short string x 12,944,272 ops/sec ±0.09% (96 runs sampled)
fast-json-stringify short string x 30,585,790 ops/sec ±0.27% (97 runs sampled)
compile-json-stringify short string x 30,656,406 ops/sec ±0.12% (96 runs sampled)
AJV Serialize short string x 30,406,785 ops/sec ±0.37% (96 runs sampled)
JSON.stringify obj x 3,153,043 ops/sec ±0.33% (99 runs sampled)
fast-json-stringify obj x 6,866,434 ops/sec ±0.11% (100 runs sampled)
compile-json-stringify obj x 15,886,723 ops/sec ±0.15% (98 runs sampled)
AJV Serialize obj x 8,969,043 ops/sec ±0.36% (97 runs sampled)
JSON stringify date x 1,126,547 ops/sec ±0.09% (97 runs sampled)
fast-json-stringify date format x 1,836,188 ops/sec ±0.12% (99 runs sampled)
compile-json-stringify date format x 1,125,735 ops/sec ±0.19% (98 runs sampled)
```
#### Table of contents:
- `Example`
- `Options`
- `API`
- `fastJsonStringify`
- `Specific use cases`
- `Required`
- `Missing fields`
- `Pattern Properties`
- `Additional Properties`
- `AnyOf` and `OneOf`
- `Reuse - $ref`
- `Long integers`
- `Integers`
- `Nullable`
- `Large Arrays`
- `Security Notice`
- `Debug Mode`
- `Standalone Mode`
- `Acknowledgments`
- `License`
Try it out on RunKit: https://runkit.com/npm/fast-json-stringify
## Example
```js
const fastJson = require('fast-json-stringify')
const stringify = fastJson({
title: 'Example Schema',
type: 'object',
properties: {
firstName: {
type: 'string'
},
lastName: {
type: 'string'
},
age: {
description: 'Age in years',
type: 'integer'
},
reg: {
type: 'string'
}
}
})
console.log(stringify({
firstName: 'Matteo',
lastName: 'Collina',
age: 32,
reg: /"([^"]|\\")*"/
}))
```
Optionally, you may provide to `fast-json-stringify` an option object as the second parameter:
```js
const fastJson = require('fast-json-stringify')
const stringify = fastJson(mySchema, {
schema: { ... },
ajv: { ... },
rounding: 'ceil'
})
```
- `schema`: external schemas references by $ref property. [More details](#ref)
- `ajv`: [ajv v8 instance's settings](https://ajv.js.org/options.html) for those properties that require `ajv`. [More details](#anyof)
- `rounding`: setup how the `integer` types will be rounded when not integers. [More details](#integer)
- `largeArrayMechanism`: set the mechanism that should be used to handle large
(by default `20000` or more items) arrays. [More details](#largearrays)
## API
### fastJsonStringify(schema)
Build a `stringify()` function based on [jsonschema draft 7 spec](https://json-schema.org/specification-links.html#draft-7).
Supported types:
* `'string'`
* `'integer'`
* `'number'`
* `'array'`
* `'object'`
* `'boolean'`
* `'null'`
And nested ones, too.
| Instance | Serialized as |
| -------- | ---------------------------- |
| `Date` | `string` via `toISOString()` |
| `RegExp` | `string` |
| `BigInt` | `integer` via `toString` |
[JSON Schema built-in formats](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/string.html#built-in-formats) for dates are supported and will be serialized as:
| Format | Serialized format example |
| ----------- | -------------------------- |
| `date-time` | `2020-04-03T09:11:08.615Z` |
| `date` | `2020-04-03` |
| `time` | `09:11:08` |
**Note**: In the case of a string formatted Date and not Date Object, there will be no manipulation on it. It should be properly formatted.
Example with a Date object:
```javascript
const stringify = fastJson({
title: 'Example Schema with string date-time field',
type: 'string',
format: 'date-time'
})
const date = new Date()
console.log(stringify(date)) // '"YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss.sssZ"'
```
#### Required
You can set specific fields of an object as required in your schema by adding the field name inside the `required` array in your schema.
Example:
```javascript
const schema = {
title: 'Example Schema with required field',
type: 'object',
properties: {
nickname: {
type: 'string'
},
mail: {
type: 'string'
}
},
required: ['mail']
}
```
If the object to stringify is missing the required field(s), `fast-json-stringify` will throw an error.
#### Missing fields
If a field *is present* in the schema (and is not required) but it *is not present* in the object to stringify, `fast-json-stringify` will not write it in the final string.
Example:
```javascript
const stringify = fastJson({
title: 'Example Schema',
type: 'object',
properties: {
nickname: {
type: 'string'
},
mail: {
type: 'string'
}
}
})
const obj = {
mail: '[email protected]'
}
console.log(stringify(obj)) // '{"mail":"[email protected]"}'
```
#### Defaults
`fast-json-stringify` supports `default` jsonschema key in order to serialize a value
if it is `undefined` or not present.
Example:
```javascript
const stringify = fastJson({
title: 'Example Schema',
type: 'object',
properties: {
nickname: {
type: 'string',
default: 'the default string'
}
}
})
console.log(stringify({})) // '{"nickname":"the default string"}'
console.log(stringify({nickname: 'my-nickname'})) // '{"nickname":"my-nickname"}'
```
#### Pattern properties
`fast-json-stringify` supports pattern properties as defined by JSON schema.
*patternProperties* must be an object, where the key is a valid regex and the value is an object, declared in this way: `{ type: 'type' }`.
*patternProperties* will work only for the properties that are not explicitly listed in the properties object.
Example:
```javascript
const stringify = fastJson({
title: 'Example Schema',
type: 'object',
properties: {
nickname: {
type: 'string'
}
},
patternProperties: {
'num': {
type: 'number'
},
'.*foo$': {
type: 'string'
}
}
})
const obj = {
nickname: 'nick',
matchfoo: 42,
otherfoo: 'str',
matchnum: 3
}
console.log(stringify(obj)) // '{"matchfoo":"42","otherfoo":"str","matchnum":3,"nickname":"nick"}'
```
#### Additional properties
`fast-json-stringify` supports additional properties as defined by JSON schema.
*additionalProperties* must be an object or a boolean, declared in this way: `{ type: 'type' }`.
*additionalProperties* will work only for the properties that are not explicitly listed in the *properties* and *patternProperties* objects.
If *additionalProperties* is not present or is set to `false`, every property that is not explicitly listed in the *properties* and *patternProperties* objects will be ignored, as described in Missing fields.
Missing fields are ignored to avoid having to rewrite objects before serializing. However, other schema rules would throw in similar situations.
If *additionalProperties* is set to `true`, it will be used by `JSON.stringify` to stringify the additional properties. If you want to achieve maximum performance, we strongly encourage you to use a fixed schema where possible.
The additional properties will always be serialized at the end of the object.
Example:
```javascript
const stringify = fastJson({
title: 'Example Schema',
type: 'object',
properties: {
nickname: {
type: 'string'
}
},
patternProperties: {
'num': {
type: 'number'
},
'.*foo$': {
type: 'string'
}
},
additionalProperties: {
type: 'string'
}
})
const obj = {
nickname: 'nick',
matchfoo: 42,
otherfoo: 'str',
matchnum: 3,
nomatchstr: 'valar morghulis',
nomatchint: 313
}
console.log(stringify(obj)) // '{"nickname":"nick","matchfoo":"42","otherfoo":"str","matchnum":3,"nomatchstr":"valar morghulis",nomatchint:"313"}'
```
#### AnyOf and OneOf
`fast-json-stringify` supports the **anyOf** and **oneOf** keywords as defined by JSON schema. Both must be an array of valid JSON schemas. The different schemas will be tested in the specified order. The more schemas `stringify` has to try before finding a match, the slower it will be.
*anyOf* and *oneOf* use [ajv](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ajv) as a JSON schema validator to find the schema that matches the data. This has an impact on performance—only use it as a last resort.
Example:
```javascript
const stringify = fastJson({
title: 'Example Schema',
type: 'object',
properties: {
'undecidedType': {
'anyOf': [{
type: 'string'
}, {
type: 'boolean'
}]
}
}
})
```
When specifying object JSON schemas for *anyOf*, add *required* validation keyword to match only the objects with the properties you want.
Example:
```javascript
const stringify = fastJson({
title: 'Example Schema',
type: 'array',
items: {
anyOf: [
{
type: 'object',
properties: {
savedId: { type: 'string' }
},
// without "required" validation any object will match
required: ['savedId']
},
{
type: 'object',
properties: {
error: { type: 'string' }
},
required: ['error']
}
]
}
})
```
#### If/then/else
`fast-json-stringify` supports `if/then/else` jsonschema feature. See [ajv documentation](https://ajv.js.org/keywords.html#ifthenelse).
Example:
```javascript
const stringify = fastJson({
'type': 'object',
'properties': {
},
'if': {
'properties': {
'kind': { 'type': 'string', 'enum': ['foobar'] }
}
},
'then': {
'properties': {
'kind': { 'type': 'string', 'enum': ['foobar'] },
'foo': { 'type': 'string' },
'bar': { 'type': 'number' }
}
},
'else': {
'properties': {
'kind': { 'type': 'string', 'enum': ['greeting'] },
'hi': { 'type': 'string' },
'hello': { 'type': 'number' }
}
}
})
console.log(stringify({
kind: 'greeting',
foo: 'FOO',
bar: 42,
hi: 'HI',
hello: 45
})) // {"kind":"greeting","hi":"HI","hello":45}
console.log(stringify({
kind: 'foobar',
foo: 'FOO',
bar: 42,
hi: 'HI',
hello: 45
})) // {"kind":"foobar","foo":"FOO","bar":42}
```
**NB** Do not declare the properties twice or you will print them twice!
#### Reuse - $ref
If you want to reuse a definition of a value, you can use the property `$ref`.
The value of `$ref` must be a string in [JSON Pointer](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901) format.
Example:
```javascript
const schema = {
title: 'Example Schema',
definitions: {
num: {
type: 'object',
properties: {
int: {
type: 'integer'
}
}
},
str: {
type: 'string'
}
},
type: 'object',
properties: {
nickname: {
$ref: '#/definitions/str'
}
},
patternProperties: {
'num': {
$ref: '#/definitions/num'
}
},
additionalProperties: {
$ref: '#/definitions/def'
}
}
const stringify = fastJson(schema)
```
If you need to use an external definition, you can pass it as an option to `fast-json-stringify`.
Example:
```javascript
const schema = {
title: 'Example Schema',
type: 'object',
properties: {
nickname: {
$ref: 'strings#/definitions/str'
}
},
patternProperties: {
'num': {
$ref: 'numbers#/definitions/num'
}
},
additionalProperties: {
$ref: 'strings#/definitions/def'
}
}
const externalSchema = {
numbers: {
definitions: {
num: {
type: 'object',
properties: {
int: {
type: 'integer'
}
}
}
}
},
strings: require('./string-def.json')
}
const stringify = fastJson(schema, { schema: externalSchema })
```
External definitions can also reference each other.
Example:
```javascript
const schema = {
title: 'Example Schema',
type: 'object',
properties: {
foo: {
$ref: 'strings#/definitions/foo'
}
}
}
const externalSchema = {
strings: {
definitions: {
foo: {
$ref: 'things#/definitions/foo'
}
}
},
things: {
definitions: {
foo: {
type: 'string'
}
}
}
}
const stringify = fastJson(schema, { schema: externalSchema })
```
#### Long integers
By default, the library will handle automatically [BigInt](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/BigInt).
#### Integers
The `type: integer` property will be truncated if a floating point is provided.
You can customize this behavior with the `rounding` option that will accept [`round`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Math/round), [`ceil`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Math/ceil), [`floor`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Math/floor), or [`trunc`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Math/trunc). Default is `trunc`:
```js
const stringify = fastJson(schema, { rounding: 'ceil' })
```
According to the [Open API 3.0 specification](https://swagger.io/docs/specification/data-models/data-types/#null), a value that can be null must be declared `nullable`.
##### Nullable object
```javascript
const stringify = fastJson({
'title': 'Nullable schema',
'type': 'object',
'nullable': true,
'properties': {
'product': {
'nullable': true,
'type': 'object',
'properties': {
'name': {
'type': 'string'
}
}
}
}
})
console.log(stringify({product: {name: "hello"}})) // "{"product":{"name":"hello"}}"
console.log(stringify({product: null})) // "{"product":null}"
console.log(stringify(null)) // null
```
Otherwise, instead of raising an error, null values will be coerced as follows:
- `integer` -> `0`
- `number` -> `0`
- `string` -> `""`
- `boolean` -> `false`
- `object` -> `{}`
- `array` -> `[]`
Large arrays are, for the scope of this document, defined as arrays containing,
by default, `20000` elements or more. That value can be adjusted via the option
parameter `largeArraySize`.
At some point the overhead caused by the default mechanism used by
`fast-json-stringify` to handle arrays starts increasing exponentially, leading
to slow overall executions.
##### Settings
In order to improve that the user can set the `largeArrayMechanism` and
`largeArraySize` options.
`largeArrayMechanism`'s default value is `default`. Valid values for it are:
- `default` - This option is a compromise between performance and feature set by
still providing the expected functionality out of this lib but giving up some
possible performance gain. With this option set, **large arrays** would be
stringified by joining their stringified elements using `Array.join` instead of
string concatenation for better performance
- `json-stringify` - This option will remove support for schema validation
within **large arrays** completely. By doing so the overhead previously
mentioned is nulled, greatly improving execution time. Mind there's no change
in behavior for arrays not considered _large_
`largeArraySize`'s default value is `20000`. Valid values for it are
integer-like values, such as:
- `20000`
- `2e4`
- `'20000'`
- `'2e4'` - _note this will be converted to `2`, not `20000`_
- `1.5` - _note this will be converted to `1`_
#### Unsafe string
By default, the library escapes all strings. With the 'unsafe' format, the string isn't escaped. This has a potentially dangerous security issue. You can use it only if you are sure that your data doesn't need escaping. The advantage is a significant performance improvement.
Example:
```javascript
const stringify = fastJson({
title: 'Example Schema',
type: 'object',
properties: {
'code': {
type: 'string',
format 'unsafe'
}
}
})
```
##### Benchmarks
For reference, here are some benchmarks for comparison over the three
mechanisms. Benchmarks were conducted on an old machine.
- Machine: `ST1000LM024 HN-M 1TB HDD, Intel Core i7-3610QM @ 2.3GHz, 12GB RAM, 4C/8T`.
- Node.js `v16.13.1`
```
JSON.stringify large array x 157 ops/sec ±0.73% (86 runs sampled)
fast-json-stringify large array default x 48.72 ops/sec ±4.92% (48 runs sampled)
fast-json-stringify large array json-stringify x 157 ops/sec ±0.76% (86 runs sampled)
compile-json-stringify large array x 175 ops/sec ±4.47% (79 runs sampled)
AJV Serialize large array x 58.76 ops/sec ±4.59% (60 runs sampled)
```
Treat the schema definition as application code, it
is not safe to use user-provided schemas.
To achieve low cost and high performance redaction `fast-json-stringify`
creates and compiles a function (using the `Function` constructor) on initialization.
While the `schema` is currently validated for any developer errors,
there is no guarantee that supplying user-generated schema could not
expose your application to remote attacks.
Users are responsible for sending trusted data. `fast-json-stringify` guarantees that you will get
a valid output only if your input matches the schema or can be coerced to the schema. If your input
doesn't match the schema, you will get undefined behavior.
The debug mode can be activated during your development to understand what is going on when things do not
work as you expect.
```js
const debugCompiled = fastJson({
title: 'default string',
type: 'object',
properties: {
firstName: {
type: 'string'
}
}
}, { mode: 'debug' })
console.log(debugCompiled) // it is a object contain code, ajv instance
const rawString = debugCompiled.code // it is the generated code
console.log(rawString)
const stringify = fastJson.restore(debugCompiled) // use the generated string to get back the `stringify` function
console.log(stringify({ firstName: 'Foo', surname: 'bar' })) // '{"firstName":"Foo"}'
```
The standalone mode is used to compile the code that can be directly run by `node`
itself. You need to have `fast-json-stringify` installed for the standalone code to work.
```js
const fs = require('fs')
const code = fastJson({
title: 'default string',
type: 'object',
properties: {
firstName: {
type: 'string'
}
}
}, { mode: 'standalone' })
fs.writeFileSync('stringify.js', code)
const stringify = require('stringify.js')
console.log(stringify({ firstName: 'Foo', surname: 'bar' })) // '{"firstName":"Foo"}'
```
This project was kindly sponsored by [nearForm](https://nearform.com).
Licensed under [MIT](./LICENSE).