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https://github.com/fgitpush/Top-Laravel-Interview-Questions-Wiki
Top Laravel Interview Questions & Answers
https://github.com/fgitpush/Top-Laravel-Interview-Questions-Wiki
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Top Laravel Interview Questions & Answers
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/fgitpush/Top-Laravel-Interview-Questions-Wiki
- Owner: fgitpush
- Created: 2020-01-23T12:29:42.000Z (almost 5 years ago)
- Default Branch: master
- Last Pushed: 2024-01-21T08:22:58.000Z (10 months ago)
- Last Synced: 2024-04-30T23:33:23.702Z (7 months ago)
- Homepage:
- Size: 1.68 MB
- Stars: 159
- Watchers: 5
- Forks: 51
- Open Issues: 0
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
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README
# Top Laravel Interview Questions & Answers (500 Interview Questions)
> Click :star: if you like the project. Pull Request are highly appreciated.
### Table of Contents
| No. | Questions |
| --- | --------- |
|| **ARCHITECTURE** |
|| Request Lifecycle |
|| [What is Request-Response?](#what-is-request-response) |
|| Service Container Binding and Resolution |
|| [What are service containers?](#What-are-service-containers) |
|| [What is Binding?](#What-is-Binding) |
|| [Explain Binding A Singleton?](#Explain-Binding-A-Singleton) |
|| [Explain Binding Instances?](#Explain-Binding-Instances) |
|| [Explain Binding Primitives?](#Explain-Binding-Primitives) |
|| [Explain Contextual Binding and how does it work?](#Explain-Contextual-Binding-and-how-does-it-work) |
|| [What is Tagging?](#What-is-Tagging) |
|| [Explain Extending Bindings?](#Explain-Extending-Bindings) |
|| Service Providers |
|| [What are Service Providers?](#what-are-service-providers) |
|| Facades |
|| [What are Facades?](#what-are-facades) |
|| HTTP Verbs |
|| [What are HTTP Verbs?](#http-verbs) |
|| [What is the difference between GET and POST?](#What-is-the-difference-between-GET-and-POST) |
|| [Which is fast between GET and POST?](#Which-is-fast-between-GET-and-POST) |
|| **Artisan Console** |
|| Generating Commands |
|| [How to generate application key in laravel?](#How-to-generate-application-key-in-laravel) |
|| [List all make commands](#List-all-make-commands) |
|| [Command I/O](https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/artisan#defining-input-expectations)|
|| Registering Commands (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/artisan#registering-commands) |
|| Executing Commands (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/artisan#programmatically-executing-commands) |
|| **Caching** |
|| Drivers / Configuration (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/cache#driver-prerequisites)|
|| Storing Items (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/cache#storing-tagged-cache-items) |
|| Retrieving Items (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/cache#accessing-tagged-cache-items)|
|| Cache Tags (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/cache#cache-tags) |
|| Creating Custom Drivers (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/cache#adding-custom-cache-drivers) |
|| **Collections** |
|| Creating (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/collections#creating-collections) / Extending Collections (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/collections#extending-collections) |
|| Collection Methods (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/collections#available-methods) |
|| Higher-order Messages (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/collections#higher-order-messages) |
|| **Controllers** |
|| [Define Implicit Controller](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| Defining Controllers (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/controllers#defining-controllers) |
|| Controller Namespacing |
|| Single Action Controllers (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/controllers#single-action-controllers) |
|| Middleware (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/controllers#controller-middleware)|
|| Resource Controllers (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/controllers#resource-controllers) |
|| Dependency Injection (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/controllers#dependency-injection-and-controllers) |
|| Route Caching (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/controllers#route-caching) |
|| **Database** |
|| Query Builder (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/queries)|
|| Pagination (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/pagination) |
|| [How to do Pagination in DB?](#how-to-do-pagination-in-db) |
|| Migrations (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/migrations) |
|| [When are Migrations?](#what-are-migrations) |
|| Seeding (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/seeding) |
|| [What are Seeders?](#what-are-seeders) |
|| **Eloquent ORM** |
|| Conventions (https://laravel.com/docs/5.0/eloquent) |
|| Relationships (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/eloquent-relationships) |
|| Eloquent Collections (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/eloquent-collections) |
|| Mutators / Accessors (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/eloquent-mutators) |
|| [What are Accessors and Mutators in Eloquent and why should you use them?](#What-are-Accessors-and-Mutators-in-Eloquent-and-why-should-you-use-them) |
|| API Resources (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/eloquent-resources) |
|| Serialization (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/eloquent-serialization) |
|| Scopes (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/eloquent#global-scopes) |
|| **Events** (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/events) |
|| [What are Events?](#what-are-events) |
|| [What are Listeners (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/events#defining-listeners)?](#what-are-listeners) |
|| Registering Events / Listeners (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/events#registering-events-and-listeners) |
|| Queued Listeners (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/events#queued-event-listeners) |
|| Dispatching Events (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/events#dispatching-events) |
|| Subscribing to Events (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/events#event-subscribers) |
|| **File Storage** (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/filesystem) |
|| Configuration / Drivers (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/filesystem#configuration) |
|| Storing (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/filesystem#storing-files) / Retrieving Files (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/filesystem#retrieving-files) |
|| Custom Filesystems (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/filesystem#custom-filesystems) |
|| **Frontend** |
|| Blade Templating (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/blade) |
|| Localization (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/localization) |
|| Asset Compilation (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/mix) |
|| **Helper Methods** (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/helpers) |
|| Arrays / Objects (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/helpers#arrays-and-objects-method-list) |
|| Paths (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/helpers#paths-method-list) |
|| Strings (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/helpers#strings-method-list) |
|| URLs (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/helpers#urls-method-list) |
|| Misc (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/helpers#miscellaneous-method-list) |
|| **Logging** (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/logging#introduction) |
|| Configuration (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/logging#configuration) |
|| Writing to Specific Channels (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/logging#configuring-the-channel-name) |
|| Creating Custom Channels (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/logging#advanced-monolog-channel-customization) |
|| **Mail** (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/mail#introduction) |
|| Drivers (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/mail#driver-prerequisites) / Configuration (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/mail#configuration) |
|| Generating Mailables (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/mail#generating-mailables) |
|| Writing Mail (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/mail#writing-mailables) |
|| Sending Mail (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/mail#sending-mail) |
|| Markdown (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/mail#markdown-mailables) |
|| Local Development (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/mail#mail-and-local-development) |
|| **Middleware** |
|| Defining / Registering Middleware (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/middleware#registering-middleware) |
|| Middleware Parameters (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/middleware#middleware-parameters)|
|| **Notifications** |
|| Creating Notifications (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/notifications#introduction) |
|| Sending Notifications (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/notifications#sending-notifications) |
|| Mail Notifications (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/notifications#mail-notifications) |
|| Markdown (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/notifications#markdown-mail-notifications) |
|| Database Notifications (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/notifications#database-notifications) |
|| Broadcast Notifications (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/notifications#broadcast-notifications) |
|| SMS Notifications (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/notifications#sms-notifications) |
| | Slack Notifications (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/notifications#slack-notifications) |
| | Custom Channels (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/notifications#custom-channels) |
| | **PHP** |
| | Version 7.1+ |
| | Composer |
| | Autoloading Standards |
| | **Package Development** |
| | Discovery (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/packages#package-discovery) |
| | Service Providers (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/packages#service-providers) |
| | Resources (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/packages#resources) |
| | Commands (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/packages#commands) |
| | Assets (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/packages#public-assets) |
| | Publishing File Groups (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/packages#publishing-file-groups) |
| | **Queues** |
| | Drivers / Configurations (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/queues#other-driver-prerequisites) |
| | Creating / Dispatching Jobs (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/queues#dispatching-jobs) |
| | **Routing** |
| | Redirects (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/routing#basic-routing) |
| | Route Parameters (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/routing#route-parameters) |
| | Named Routes (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/routing#named-routes) |
| | Route Groups (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/routing#route-groups) |
| | Route Model Binding (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/routing#route-model-binding) |
| | Rate Limiting (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/routing#rate-limiting) |
| | [What is Rate Limiting OR Throttle in Laravel?](#What-is-Rate-Limiting-OR-Throttle-in-Laravel) |
| | **Security** |
| | Authentication (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/authentication#introduction) |
| | Authorization (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/authorization#introduction) |
| | Encryption (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/encryption) / Hashing (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/hashing) |
| | CSRF Protection (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/csrf#csrf-introduction) |
| | XSS Protection |
| | **Sessions** (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/session) |
| | Configuration (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/session#configuration) |
| | Storing Data (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/session#storing-data)|
| | Retrieving Data (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/session#retrieving-data)|
| | Deleting Data (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/session#deleting-data) |
| | Flash Data (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/session#flash-data) |
| | Custom Drivers (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/session#adding-custom-session-drivers) |
| | **Task Scheduling** (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/scheduling#introduction) |
| | Scheduling Artisan Commands (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/scheduling#scheduling-artisan-commands) |
| | Scheduling Queue Jobs (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/scheduling#scheduling-queued-jobs)|
| | Scheduling Shell Commands (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/scheduling#scheduling-shell-commands) |
| | Time Zones (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/scheduling#timezones) |
| | Preventing Task Overlaps (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/scheduling#preventing-task-overlaps) |
| | Maintenance Mode (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/scheduling#maintenance-mode) |
| | **Testing** |
| | Creating (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/testing#creating-tests) / Running Tests (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/testing#running-tests) |
| | HTTP Tests (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/http-tests) |
| | Session / Authentication (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/http-tests#session-and-authentication) |
| | Testing File Uploads (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/http-tests#testing-file-uploads) |
| | Available Assertions (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/http-tests#available-assertions) |
| | Browser Tests / Dusk |
| | Data Factories |
| | Fakes / Mocking (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/mocking) |
| | **URL Generation** (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/urls#introduction) |
| | Named Routes (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/urls#urls-for-named-routes) |
| | Controller Actions (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/urls#urls-for-controller-actions) |
| | Default Values (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/urls#default-values)|
| | **Validation** (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/validation) |
| | Form Requests (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/validation#form-request-validation) |
| | Manually Creating Validators (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/validation#manually-creating-validators) |
| | Error Messages (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/validation#working-with-error-messages) |
| | Validation Rules (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/validation#available-validation-rules)|
| | Custom Validation Rules (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/validation#custom-validation-rules) |
| | **Views** (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/views#creating-and-rendering-views) |
| | Creating Views (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/views#creating-and-rendering-views) |
| | Passing Data to Views (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/views#passing-data-to-views) |
| | View Composer (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/views#view-composers) |
| | **Websockets** (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/broadcasting) |
| | Broadcasting Events (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/broadcasting#broadcasting-events) |
| | Receiving Events |
| | Broadcasting Channels () |
| | Presence Channels (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/broadcasting#presence-channels) |
| | Client Events (https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/broadcasting#client-events) |
| | [What is Repository Pattern?](#what-is-repository-pattern) |
| | [What is Symfony?](#what-is-symfony) |
| | [What are Triggers?](#What-are-Triggers) |
| | [What are Procedures](#What-are-Procedures) |
| | [What are Laravel Traits?](#what-are-laravel-traits) |
| | [What are Bundles in Laravel?](#what-are-Bundles-in-Laravel) |
|| [In which folder robot.txt is placed?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is APP_KEY used for?](#What-is-APP_KEY-used-for) |
|| [What directories that need to be writable laravel installation?](#What-directories-that-need-to-be-writable-laravel-installation?) |
|| [What is Kept in vendor directory of Laravel?](#What-is-Kept-in-vendor-directory-of-Laravel) |
|| [What is the use of dd() function?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What does "composer dump-autoload" do?](#What-does-composer-dump-autoload-do) |
|| [What is IOC (Inversion of Control)?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is the use of the bootstrap directory?](#What-is-the-use-of-the-bootstrap-directory) |
|| [What is Serialization in Laravel?](#What-is-Serialization-in-Laravel) |
|| [What is faker in Laravel?](#What-is-faker-in-Laravel) |
|| [What is Response in Laravel?](#What-is-Response-in-Laravel) |
|| [What is Response Macros in Laravel?](#What-is-Response-Macros-in-Laravel) |
|| [What is Lazy vs Eager Loading in Laravel?](#What-is-Lazy-vs-Eager-Loading-in-Laravel) |
|| [What is the make Method?](#What-is-the-make-Method) |
|| [What are the difference between insert() and insertGetId() in laravel?](#What-are-the-difference-between-insert-and-insertGetId-in-laravel) |
|| [Talk about Laravel Vapor Compatibility](#Talk-about-Laravel-Vapor-Compatibility) |
|| [What is Semantic Versioning?](#What-is-Semantic-Versioning) |
|| [What is LTS version of Laravel?](#What-is-LTS-version-of-Laravel) |
| | [What is Lumen?](#what-is-lumen) |
| | [What are Laravel contracts?](#what-are-contracts) |
|| [Directory structure of Laravel](#Directory-structure-of-Laravel) |
|| [Explain Laravel framework Architecture](#Explain-Laravel-framework-Architecture) |
|| [What is Monolog library in Laravel?](#What-is-Monolog-library-in-Laravel) |
|| [What is ORM?](#What-is-ORM) |
| | **CONCEPTS** |
|| [Explain active record concept in Laravel](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Laravel API rate limit?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Serialization in Laravel?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What are Response Macros in Laravel?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Method Spoofing in Laravel?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What are Closures in Laravel?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What are Closures in Laravel?](#What-are-Closures-in-Laravel) |
|| [How to create constants in laravel?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
| | [What are factories?](#what-are-factories) |
| | **ARTISAN CONSOLE** |
|| [What is tinker in laravel?](#What-is-tinker-in-laravel) |
|| [What is a REPL?](#What-is-a-REPL) |
| | [List some artisan commands](#list-some-artisan-commands) |
| | **CACHING** |
| | [What is Caching?](#what-is-caching) |
| | [What is Redis?](#what-is-redis) |
| | [What is Memcache?](#what-is-memcache) |
| | [What is Route caching?](#what-is-route-caching) |
|| [Does Laravel support caching?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [How to clear cache in Laravel?](#How-to-clear-cache-in-Laravel) |
| | **COLLECTIONS** |
|| [What are lazy collections?](#What-are-lazy-collections) |
| | **DATABASE** |
|| [What is Query Builder?](#what-is-query-builder)
|| [What is ORM?](#what-is-orm) |
| | [How to achieve multiple DB hosts?](#How-to-achieve-multiple-DB-hosts)
| | [What are Default ports for MySQL Email etc?](#what-are-Default-ports-for-MySQL-Email-etc) |
| | [Explain Joins](#Explain-Joins) |
| | [Explain Unions](#Explain-Unions) |
| | [How mongodb is better than relational databases?](#How-mongodb-is-better-than-relational-databases) |
| | [What is mongodb?](#What-is-mongodb) |
| | [Select highest and nth highest salary from DB](#Select-highest-and-nth-highest-salary-from-DB) |
| | [Write a join](#Write-a-join) |
| | [Write a union](#Write-a-union) |
| | [Write a complex query?](#Write-a-complex-query) |
|| [Name databases supported by Laravel](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [Define Laravel guard](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
| | [What are Aggregate methods in query builder?](#what-are-aggregate-methods-in-query-builder) |
| | **ELOQUENT** |
| | [What is Eloquent?](#what-is-eloquent) |
|| [Write CRUD in Laravel Eloquent?](#Write-CRUD-in-Laravel-Eloquent) |
|| [What are Eloquent collections?](#What-are-Eloquent-collections) |
|| [Output a raw query using eloquent/query builder ](#Output-a-raw-query-using-eloquent-or-query-builder) |
|| [How to create multiple where clause in eloquent?](#How-to-create-multiple-where-clause-in-eloquent) |
|| [What is the purpose of the Eloquent cursor() method in Laravel?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [List types of relationships available in Laravel Eloquent?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
| | [Write CRUD in Laravel Eloquent](#Write-CRUD-in-Laravel-Eloquent) |
|| [Talk about Eloquent Subquery Enhancements?](#Talk-about-Eloquent-Subquery-Enhancements) |
|| [How can we create a record in Laravel using eloquent?](#How-can-we-create-a-record-in-Laravel-using-eloquent) |
|| [List types of relationships available in Laravel Eloquent?](#List-types-of-relationships-available-in-Laravel-Eloquent) |
| | **FRONT END** |
|| [What does yield mean in PHP?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [How to extend a layout file in laravel view?](#How-to-extend-a-layout-file-in-laravel-view) |
|| [How do you use yield()?](#How-do-you-use-yield()) |
|| [How to redirect form controller to view file in laravel?](#How-to-redirect-form-controller-to-view-file-in-laravel) |
| | **CONTROLLERS** |
| | [What is Controller?](#what-is-controller) |
| | **HELPER METHOD** |
|| [Helper Functions](#Helper-Functions) |
|| [How to create custom helper functions](#How-to-create-custom-helper-functions) |
|| [Laravel String Helper functions?](#Laravel-String-Helper-functions) |
|| [Laravel Array Helper functions?](#Laravel-Array-Helper-functions) |
| | **DATABASE** |
| | [What is a Model?](#what-is-a-model) |
| | [What are Advanced Eloquent and Query Builder?](#what-are-advanced-eloquent-and-query-builder) |
| | [How to connect Laravel with other SQL databases?](#How-to-connect-Laravel-with-other-SQL-databases) |
| | [How to connect Laravel with non-SQL databases?](#How-to-connect-Laravel-with-non-SQL-databases) |
|| [List out databases that laravel supports?](#List-out-databases-that-laravel-supports) |
|| [How to use custom table in Laravel Model?](#How-to-use-custom-table-in-Laravel-Model) |
|| [What is Fillable Attribute in a Laravel Model?](#What-is-Fillable-Attribute-in-a-Laravel-Model) |
|| [What is Guarded Attribute in a Laravel Model?](#What-is-Guarded-Attribute-in-a-Laravel-Model) |
| | [How to get the data from more than 3 table without using a join?](#how-to-get-the-data-from-more-than-3-table-without-using-a-join) |
|| [What are active records?](#What-are-active-records) |
|| [What are the difference between soft delete & delete in Laravel?](#What-are-the-difference-between-soft-delete-&-delete-in-Laravel) |
|| [Please write some additional where Clauses in Laravel?](#Please-write-some-additional-where-Clauses-in-Laravel) |
|| [Write CRUD in Laravel Query Builder?](#Write-CRUD-in-Laravel-Query-Builder) |
|| [What is the difference between where and having?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [Name aggregates methods of query builder](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is eager loading in Laravel?](#What-is-eager-loading-in-Laravel) |
|| [Which ORM are being used by laravel?](#Which-ORM-are-being-used-by-laravel) |
| | **LOGGING** |
| | [What is Query log?](#what-is-query-log) |
|| [How do I log an error?](#How-do-I-log-an-error) |
| | **MAIL** |
| | [How to setup Emails?](#how-to-setup-emails) |
|| [How to configure a mail-in Laravel?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
| | **MIDDLEWARE** |
| | [What is Middleware?](#what-is-middleware) |
|| [How to register a middleware in Laravel?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [How to assign multiple middleware to Laravel route ?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What are Jobs and Middleware?](#What-are-Jobs-and-Middleware) |
| | **NOTIFICATION** |
| | **PHP** |
|| [What does a $$$ mean in PHP? ](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What does PHP compact function do?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [How to check installed extensions in CLI and web for PHP?](#How-to-check-installed-extensions-in-CLI-and-web-for-PHP) |
|| [What does PHP compact function do?](#What-does-PHP-compact-function-do) |
| | [What are some new features of PHP X?](#how-to-combine-multiple-inline-style-objects) |
| | [What is Difference between PHP 5 and 4?](#What-is-Difference-between-PHP-5-and-4) |
|| [Explain require and require once difference](#Explain-require-and-require-once-difference) |
|| [Explain include and require diffrence](#Explain-include-and-require-diffrence) |
| | [What are Cookies?](#what-are-cookies) |
| | [Explain CURL and SOAP?](#Explain-CURL-and-SOAP) |
| | [Explain 4 basics of OOP](#Explain-4-basics-of-OOP) |
| | [What is diference between abstract class and interface?](#What-is-diference-between-abstract-class-and-interface) |
|| [Merge 2 arrays with duplicate](#Merge-2-arrays-with-duplicate) |
|| [Find the count of vowel and consonants](#Find-the-count-of-vowel-and-consonants) |
| | [What is Abstract class?](#what-is-Abstract-class) |
| | **PACKAGE DEVELOPMENT** |
| | [What is Package development?](#what-is-package-development) |
| | **QUEUES** |
| | [What are Queues?](#what-are-queues) |
| | [What are Jobs?](#what-are-jobs)
| | **ROUTING** |
| | [What is Routing?](#what-is-routing) |
| | [How many types of routes are there?](#how-many-types-of-routes-are-there) |
| | [What is web php?](#what-is-web-php) |
| | [What is api php?](#what-is-api-php) |
| | [What is channels php?](#what-is-channels-php) |
| | [What is console-php?](#what-is-console-php) |
|| [Explain API.PHP route](#Explain-API.PHP-route) |
|| [How to exclude a route with parameters from CSRF verification?](#How-to-exclude-a-route-with-parameters-from-CSRF-verification) |
|| [How to get current route name?](#How-to-get-current-route-name) |
| | [What is Reverse routing?](#what-is-reverse-routing) |
| | [What are Named routes?](#what-are-named-routes) |
| | **SECURITY** |
|| [How can we protect site from SQL Injections?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
| | [What is CSRF and JWT token?](#what-is-CSRF-and-JWT-token) |
| | [What are SQL Injections?](#What-are-SQL-Injections) |
| | [What is csrf token and xss attack?](#What-is-csrf-token-and-xss-attack) |
| | [What is Authentication using Passport CSRF XSRF?](#What-is-Authentication-using-Passport-CSRF-XSRF) |
|| [What is CSRF token?](#What-is-CSRF-token) |
| | **SESSION** |
| | [What are Sessions?](#what-are-sessions) |
| | [What is default session time?](#What-is-default-session-time)
|| [Explain Difference between session and cookies?](#Explain-Difference-between-session-and-cookies)
|| [What is the default session timeout duration?](#What-is-the-default-session-timeout-duration) |
| | **TASK SCHEDULING** |
| | **TESTING** |
| | [What is Unit testing?](#what-is-unit-testing) |
| | [What is Test Driven Development?](#what-is-test-driven-development) |
| | **URL GENERATION** |
|| [What is Request Lifecycle?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| | **VALIDATION** |
| | [What are Validations and custom validations?](#what-are-validators) |
| | **VIEWS** |
| | [What are Views?](#what-are-views) |
| | **WEB SOCKETS** |
|| [What is broadcasting in laravel?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Pusher in Laravel?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
| | **ECOSYSTEM** |
|| [What is Vapor?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Forge?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Envoyer?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Horizon?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Nova?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Echo?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Lumen?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Homestead?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Spark?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Valet?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Mix?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Cashier?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Dusk?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Passport?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Scout?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Socialite?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Telescope?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Tinker?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Laravel Elixir?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Laravel Mix?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Laravel Elixir?](#What-is-Laravel--Elixir) |
|| [What is Laravel Mix?](#What-is-Laravel-Mix) |
|| [What do you mean by Laravel Dusk?](#What-do-you-mean-by-Laravel-Dusk) |
|| [Explain Laravel echo](#Explain-Laravel-echo) |
|| [What is Laravel Forge?](#What-is-Laravel-Forge) |
| | **SETUP** |
|| [What is Homebrew?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Valet?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Laravel Homestead?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is Docker?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [How to launch Vagrant Box?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
| | [What are System requirements for Laravel?](#what-are-system-requirements-for-laravel) |
| | **WHATS NEW?** |
|| [What was new in Laravel 4?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What was new in Laravel 5?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What was new in Laravel 6?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What was new in Laravel 7?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What is new in Laravel 8?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
| | **DESIGN PATTERNS** |
|| [What is an Observer?](#What-is-an-Observer) |
|| [What are Laravel facades?](#What-are-Laravel-facades) |
|| [What is an Observer?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
| | [What are design patterns?](#What-are-design-patterns) |
| | [What is MVC Framework?](#What-is-MVC-Framework) |
|| [What is Dependency injection in Laravel?](#what-is-dependency-injection) |
| | [What is Singelton design pattern?](#what-is-singelton-design-pattern) |
| | **How To** |
|| [How to get current Url in Laravel?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [How will you check table is exists or in the database?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [How do I perform dependency injection in Laravel?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [How will you register service provider?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [How can you reduce memory usage in Laravel?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [How to assign a variable value for all view file?](#How-to-assign-a-variable-value-for-all-view-file) |
|| [How to make a constant and use globally?](#How-to-make-a-constant-and-use-globally) |
|| [How to check current installed version of Laravel?](#How-to-check-current-installed-version-of-Laravel) |
|| [How to share data with views?](#How-to-share-data-with-views) |
|| [How to generate a request in Laravel?](#How-to-generate-a-request-in-Laravel) |
|| [How to use GROUP_CONCAT() with JOIN in Laravel?](#How-to-use-GROUP_CONCAT()-with-JOIN-in-Laravel) |
|| [How to extend login expire time in Auth?](#How-to-extend-login-expire-time-in-Auth) |
|| [How to check column is exists or not in a table using Laravel?](#How-to-check-column-is-exists-or-not-in-a-tabl-using-Laravel) |
|| [How we can upload files in laravel?](#How-we-can-upload-files-in-laravel) |
|| [How to create real time sitemap.xml file in Laravel?](#How-to-create-real-time-sitemap.xml-file-in-Laravel) |
|| [How to use skip() and take() in Laravel Query?](#How-to-use-skip()-and-take()-in-Laravel-Query) |
|| [How to use multiple 'OR' condition in Laravel Query?](#How-to-use-multiple-'OR'-condition-in-Laravel-Query) |
|| [How to make a constant and use globally?](#How-to-make-a-constant-and-use-globally) |
|| [How to remove /public from URL in laravel?](#How-to-remove-public-from-URL-in-laravel) |
|| [How will you explain homestead in Laravel?](#How-will-you-explain-homestead-in-Laravel) |
|| [How can we get the user's IP address in Laravel?](#How-can-we-get-the-user's-IP-address-in-Laravel) |
|| [How will you create a helper file in Laravel?](#How-will-you-create-a-helper-file-in-Laravel) |
|| [How can we get the user's IP address in Laravel?](#give-a-simple-example-of-jest-test-case) |
|| [How to get Logged in user info in Laravel?](#How-to-get-Logged-in-user-info-in-Laravel) |
|| [How do you register a Service Provider?](#How-do-you-register-a-Service-Provider) |
|| [How to enable maintenance mode in Laravel?](#How-to-enable-maintenance-mode-in-Laravel) |
|| [How to install Laravel via composer?](#How-to-install-Laravel-via-composer) |
|| [How to do Web scraping?](#How-to-do-Web-scraping) |
| | [How to create hooks in Laravel?](#How-to-create-hooks-in-Laravel) |
|| [How can you display HTML with Blade in Laravel?](#How-can-you-display-HTML-with-Blade-in-Laravel) |
|| [How to enable maintenance mode in Laravel 5?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [How to install laravel via composer?](#How-to-install-laravel-via-composer) |
|| [How to create an API?](#how-to-create-an-api) |
| | [How to call static methods?](#How-to-call-static-methods) |
|| [How to get current environment in Laravel?](#How-to-get-current-environment-in-Laravel) |
|| [How to use custom table in Laravel Model?](#How-to-use-custom-table-in-Laravel-Model) |
|| [How to check current Laravel version using CLI?](#How-to-check-current-Laravel-version-using-CLI) |
|| [How to rollback last migration?](#How-to-rollback-last-migration) |
|| [How to check Ajax request in Laravel?](#How-to-check-Ajax-request-in-Laravel) |
|| [How to check if value is sent in request?](#How-to-check-if-value-is-sent-in-request) |
| | **OTHERS** |
| | [What is the difference among various php versions?](#What-is-the-difference-among-various-php-versions) |
| | [What is the difference among various mysql versions?](#What-is-the-difference-among-various-mysql-versions) |
| | [What is the difference among various Laravel versions?](#What-is-the-difference-among-various-Laravel-versions) |
| | [In MySql we use many types of engines which one is faster and why?](#In-MySql-we-use-many-types-of-engines-which-one-is-faster-and-why) |
| | [What are some new feaatures of Laravel X?](#What-are-some-new-feaatures-of-Laravel-X) |
|| [What is the purpose of using dd() function in laravel?](#What-is-the-purpose-of-using-dd()-function-in-laravel) |
|| [Exceptions are handled by which class in Laravel?](#Exceptions-are-handled-by-which-class-in-Laravel) |
|| [Talk about Laravel User Interface (UI)](#talk-about-Laravel-User-Interface-(UI)) |
|| [What are improved Authorization Responses?](#What-are-improved-Authorization-Responses) |
|| [What are policies classes?](#What-are-policies-classes) |
|| [What is namespace in Laravel?](#What-is-namespace-in-Laravel) |
|| [State the difference between CodeIgniter and Laravel.](#State-the-difference-between-CodeIgniter-and-Laravel) |
|| [Define hashing in Laravel](#Define-hashing-in-Laravel) |
|| [What is Localization?](#What-is-Localization) |
|| [Explain the concept of encryption and decryption in Laravel.](#Explain-the-concept-of-encryption-and-decryption-in-Laravel) |
|| [I just have installed a fresh version of Laravel 5, and I have the white screen of death. What’s wrong?](#I-just-have-installed-a-fresh-version-of-Laravel-5-and-I-have-the-white-screen-of-death-What’s-wrong) |
|| [What are common HTTP error codes?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [Differentiate between delete() and softDeletes()?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [List different where Clauses available Laravel?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What are Deferred Providers in laravel?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What getFacadeAccessor method does?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
|| [What are Macros in Laravel?](#what-is-the-difference-between-where-and-having) |
| | **COMPOSER** |
| | [What is Composer?](#what-is-composer) |
| | **Packages** |
| | [What are Popular composer packages?](#what-are-Popular-composer-packages) |
| | [What are Default packages: Cashier,Envoy,Passport,Scout,Socialite,Horizon?](#default-packages) |
|| [What is ACL in laravel?](#What-is-ACL-in-laravel) |
| | **What Is** |
| | [Which is Error management?](#which-is-error-management) |
|| [What are Payments and cashier?](#what-are-payments-and-cashier) |
| | [What are Laravel Scout search and Algolia?](#what-are-laravel-scout-search-and-algolia) |
| | [What is Socialite and Auth?](#what-is-socialite-auth) |
| | [What is Single Page Application in Laravel?](#What--Single-Page-Application-in-Laravel) |
| | [What are Microservices in Laravel?](#What-are-Microservices-in-Laravel) |
| | [What is Service Oriented Architecture in Laravel?](#what-is-soa) |
| | **Why** |
|| [Why prefer Laravel over other frameworks?](#Why-prefer-Laravel-over-other-frameworks) |
| | **Current Versions** |
| | [What is Current version of PHP, MySQL, Laravel, MongoDB etc?](#what-is-current-version-of-PHP-MySQL-Laravel-MongoDB-etc) |
| | **General Questions** |
| | [Describe design architecture of an app?](#Describe-design-architecture-of-an-app) |
|| [Explain an apps DB architecture ?](#Explain-an-apps-DB-architecture) |
|| [Explain AWS Services](#Explain-AWS-Services) |
| | [What is Vue-js?](#what-is-vue-js) |
| | [What is Horizontal scaling?](#What-is-Horizontal-scaling) |
| | [What is Vertical scaling?](#What-is-Vertical-scaling) |
1. ### What is Routing?
Mapping the urls to controllers/views is called routing. routing can be done in web.php, api.php, console.php or broadcast.php. You can also define your routes in Http/Kernel.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
2. ### How many types of routes are there?
There are four types of routes,
A. web.php
B. api.php
C. console.php
D. broadcast.php
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
3. ### What is web php?
web.php used for web routes. Like example.com/test
```
Route::get('/test', function () {
$path = storage_path() . "/app/json/options/docs.json";
return view('skin/dev-wireframe', array('menu' => json_decode(file_get_contents($path), true)));
});
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
4. ### What is api php?
The place where we write API route for mobile and API usage. Like http://localhost:8080/api/test
```
Route::get('/test', function () {
$path = storage_path() . "/app/json/options/docs.json";
return view('skin/dev-wireframe', array('menu' => json_decode(file_get_contents($path), true)));
});
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
5. ### What is channels php?
```
// Create a channel
$channel = new Channel();
// Create a publisher
$publisher = new Publisher($channel);
// Create a subscriber
$subscriber = new Subscriber($channel);
// Subscribe to the channel
$subscriber->subscribe(function ($message) {
// Do something with the message
});
// Publish a message
$publisher->publish('Hello World!');
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
6. ### What is console php?
Used to give a name to console routes.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
7. ### What is Controller?
Controller is the place where we write the logic of the program. Placed in app/Http/Conrollers
```
User::findOrFail($id)]);
}
}
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
8. ### What are Views?
Views is the fornt end of Laravel. Stored in `resources/views`.
```
Hello, {{ $name }}
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
9. ### What is a Model?
A model is where you write the database logic. Stored in `/app`
max('price');
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
62. ### What is Singelton design pattern?
A single object of a class is created throughout the lifecycle.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
63. ### What is Reverse routing?
To generate the process of generating the URL which leads to a route. Its used in MVC apps. You can use it using named routes in laravel.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
64. ### What are Popular composer packages?
Guzzle
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
65. ### How to get the data from more than 3 table without using a join ?
Answer: Subquery, union.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
66. ### List some artisan commands
```
php artisan list
php artisan make:migrate
php artisan make:controller
php artisan make:model
php artisan config:clear
php artisan serve
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
67. ### What are Sessions?
Session is data related to a specific user.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
68. ### What are Cookies?
Cookies is generalized data.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
69. ### What is Current version of PHP MySQL Laravel MongoDB etc?
PHP: PHP 7.4
MySQL: 7
Laravel: 6
MongoDB: 4
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
70. ### Describe design architecture of an app?
There are three layers
1. Presentation layer: Front end
2. Business layer: Backend and logic
3. Data layer: Model and database
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
71. ### What are SQL Injections?
Its a hacking trick used to complete a SQL query by filling a form content and placing query parts inside the form.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
72. ### How to call static methods?
Using `::` before function name instead of `->`.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
73. ### How to achieve multiple DB hosts?
Define the new DB in env or config/database.php and use it.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
74. ### What is Abstract class?
A class which is just a template i.e has no defination but just declaration.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
75. ### What are Default ports for MySQL, Email, etc?
http: 80
MYSQL: 3306
Email: 587
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
76. ### Explain Joins
There are 4 types of joins,
1. Inner Join
2. Outer Join
3. Left Join
4. Right Join
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
77. ### Explain Unions
Union vertically joins tables together i.e the records are added into the same columns.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
78. ### How mongodb is better than relational databases?
It is faster and it stores data in JSON form so you can enter multiple types of data without being dependent on the data being consistent in type.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
79. ### What is mongodb?
It is a NO SQL key value based database.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
80. ### What is default session time?
2 hours.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
81. ### How to create hooks in Laravel?
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36226021/hooks-in-laravel-5
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
82. ### What is csrf token and xss attack?
CSRF and JWT tokens are used to make sure the action is performed by the user. If there is no token, someone can give a link to user to click or hide it behind some action and him do what the hacker wants.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
83. ### Select highest and nth highest salary from DB
```
SELECT name, salary
FROM #Employee e1
WHERE N-1 = (SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT salary) FROM #Employee e2
WHERE e2.salary > e1.salary)
```
https://javarevisited.blogspot.com/2016/01/4-ways-to-find-nth-highest-salary-in.html
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
84. ### Write the 4 joins
1. Inner join
2. Outer join
3. Left join
4. Right join
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
85. ### Write a union
```
SELECT expression1, expression2, ... expression_n
FROM tables
[WHERE conditions]
UNION [DISTINCT]
SELECT expression1, expression2, ... expression_n
FROM tables
[WHERE conditions];
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
86. ### Write a complex query?
Like a 3 tables joined.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
87. ### Explain an apps DB architecture
Uber's DB arcitecture.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
88. ### What is Difference between PHP 5 and 4?
PHP 5 has OOP.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
89. ### What is the difference among various php versions?
PHP 4: No OOP
PHP 5: OOP
PHP 7: Faster speed
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
90. ### What is the difference among various Laravel versions?
Directory structure
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
91. ### How to add AWS plugin in PHP?
Using AWS SDK.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
92. ### What are design patterns?
They are well known solutions to common problems every developer faces.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
93. ### What is the difference between GET and POST
GET is used for retriving data
POST is used to perform a change i.e action
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
94. ### Which is fast between GET and POST?
GET is used for retriving data
POST is used to perform a change i.e action
95. ### Explain 4 basics of OOP
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Encapsulation
Abstraction
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
96. ### What is diference between abstract class and interface?
https://javapapers.com/core-java/abstract-and-interface-core-java-2/difference-between-a-java-interface-and-a-java-abstract-class/
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
97. ### What is MVC Framework?
It provides separation of concerns by separating the code into 3 parts,
1. Model: Database logic
2. View: Frontend logic
3. Controller: Backend logic
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
98. ### Create a project with CRUD, one algorithm logic and insert data in db for testing.
...
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
99. ### In MySql we use many types of engines which one is faster and why?
There are two main types of engines,
1.InnoDB
2.MyISAM
InnoDB is faster.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
100. ### What are Triggers?
`DB::unprepared()` is used for it.
```
php artisan make:migration create_trigger
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
101. ### What are Procedures
Stored procedures are SQL code in tables. It is called and executed inside tables.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
102. ### What are some new feaatures of Laravel X?
https://medium.com/@samwatsonets/difference-between-laravel-6-0-and-its-previous-versions-efb2829d0f55
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
103. ### What are some new features of PHP X?
PHP 8.2
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
104. ### Explain Difference between session and cookies?
Cookies is data sent with every request. It is usually generalized for all.
Session is data related to a specific user.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
105. ### Merge 2 arrays with duplicate
```
array_unique(array_merge($array1,$array2), SORT_REGULAR);
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
106. ### Find the count of vowel and consonants
$str="Find the count of vowel and consonants"
$i=0; $vowel=0; $const=0;
foreach ($char in $str)
{
if(($char==" ") || ($i==0))
{
if(($str[$i+1]==a) || ($str[$i+1]==e) || ($str[$i+1]==i) || ($str[$i+1]==o) || ($str[$i+1]==u))
$vowel++;
else
$const++;
}
$i++;
}
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107. ### Explain AWS Services
AWS has 20 main categories and 150 sub-categories of items. For hosting, EC2 is a well known server type.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
108. ### How to do Web scraping?
Composer has built in packages for it. They may get stopped due to IP usage (no of connections
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
109. ### Explain require and require once difference
In require, you can use require multiple times for the same file. It will add the file multiple times while require_once will only require it once.
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110. ### Explain include and require diffrence
In include() the script will run even if the file is not found while in require it will stop if file required is not found.
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111. ### Directory structure of Laravel
```
/bootsrtrap
/public
/routes
/resources
/config
/app
.env
```
etc
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
112. ### How to install Laravel via composer?
```
composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel blog "5.8.*"
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
113. ### Which ORM are being used by laravel?
Eloquent
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
114. ### List types of relationships available in Laravel Eloquent?
One To One
One To Many
One To Many (Inverse)
Many To Many
Has Many Through
Polymorphic Relationships
One To One
One To Many
Many To Many
Custom Polymorphic Types
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
115. ### How to enable maintenance mode in Laravel?
```
php artisan down
```
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116. ### What is the purpose of using dd() function in laravel?
dd() is dump and die. It prints the variable/array and exits the script.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
117. ### How do you register a Service Provider?
Inside `config/app.php`
```
'providers' => [
/*
* Laravel Framework Service Providers...
*/
Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\Broadcasting\BroadcastServiceProvider::class,
...
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
119. ### Explain Laravel framework Architecture
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
120. ### Helper Functions
Common function which you can use in many classes are stored in helper functions.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
121. ### What is Fillable Attribute in a Laravel Model?
Which can be mass assigned.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
122. ### What is Guarded Attribute in a Laravel Model?
Which can't be mass assigned.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
123. ### What are Closures in Laravel?
a closure gives you access to an outer function's scope from an inner function
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
124. ### How to get Logged in user info in Laravel?
```
$user = auth()->user();
print_r($user);
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
125. ### What is Laravel Elixir?
Used for compiling JS.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
126. ### What is Laravel Mix?
Used for compiling JS.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
127. ### How can you display HTML with Blade in Laravel?
{!! $text !!}
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
128. ### How to install laravel via composer ?
composer create-project laravel/laravel name
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129. ### List out databases that laravel supports?
Laravel supports four database systems: MySQL, Postgres, SQLite, and SQL Server.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
130. ### How to use custom table in Laravel Model?
By mentoning the name of the table in `$table` variable
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131. ### How To Use Select Query In Laravel? Eloquent and QB?
QB: $users = DB::table('users')->select('name', 'email as user_email')->get();
Eloquent: $users = User::all();
132. ### What are Accessors and Mutators in Eloquent and why should you use them?
https://laravel.com/docs/4.2/eloquent#accessors-and-mutators
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
133. ### How do I log an error?
https://laravel.com/docs/5.2/errors
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
134. ### What is Monolog library in Laravel?
Helps with logging.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
135. ### Exceptions are handled by which class in Laravel?
App\Exceptions\Handler class.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
136. ### What is Serialization in Laravel?
https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/eloquent-serialization
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
137. ### What is Response in Laravel?
When we make a request , we get a responsse.
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138. ### What is Response Macros in Laravel?
https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/responses#response-macros
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
139. ### What is Rate Limiting OR Throttle in Laravel?
https://www.cloudways.com/blog/laravel-and-api-rate-limiting/
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
140. ### What is Lazy vs Eager Loading in Laravel?
https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/eloquent-relationships
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
141. ### How to get current environment in Laravel?
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14935846/laravel-4-how-can-i-get-the-environment-value
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142. ### How to use custom table in Laravel Model ?
$table=""
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
143. ### What is Binding?
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49348681/what-is-a-usage-and-purpose-of-laravels-binding
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
144. ### Explain Binding A Singleton?
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25229064/laravel-difference-appbind-and-appsingleton
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
145. ### Explain Binding Instances?
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40767040/how-laravels-container-binding-mechanisms-differ
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
146. ### Explain Binding Primitives?
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40767040/how-laravels-container-binding-mechanisms-differ
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
147. ### Explain Contextual Binding and how does it work?
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40767040/how-laravels-container-binding-mechanisms-differ
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
148. ### What is Tagging?
Giving your binding a name.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
149. ### Explain Extending Bindings?
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40767040/how-laravels-container-binding-mechanisms-differ
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
150. ### What is the make Method?
Makes controller, view, route, group and other items in artisan.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
151. ### How to clear cache in Laravel?
php artisan cache:cleaer
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
152. ### What is CSRF token?
Protects against cross site attack
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153. ### How will you explain homestead in Laravel?
Virtual box for vagrant
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
154. ### How can we get the user's IP address in Laravel?
Request::ip();
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
155. ### How will you create a helper file in Laravel?
https://tutsforweb.com/creating-helpers-laravel/
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
156. ### How can we create a record in Laravel using eloquent?
```
$flight = new Flight;
$flight->name = $request->name;
$flight->save();
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
157. ### How can we get the user's IP address in Laravel?
```
Request::ip();
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
158. ### What is faker in Laravel?
Used to generate dummy data
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
159. ### What are active records?
A design pattern which masks SQL queries to make database CRUD operations easy.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
160. ### What are the difference between insert() and insertGetId() in laravel?
insert() only inserts
insertGetId() inserts and returns id of last added item
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
161. ### Talk about Laravel Vapor Compatibility
https://vapor.laravel.com/
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
162. ### What is Semantic Versioning?
Major version . Minor version . Bug fix
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
163. ### What are Jobs and Middleware?
Jobs:
Middleware:
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
164. ### Talk about Laravel User Interface (UI)
It uses Blade Templating Engine
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
165. ### Talk about Eloquent Subquery Enhancements?
https://laravel-news.com/eloquent-subquery-enhancements
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
166. ### What are improved Authorization Responses?
https://fullstackworld.com/post/what-is-new-to-laravel-6
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
167. ### What are lazy collections?
https://laravel.com/docs/6.x/collections#lazy-collection-introduction
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
168. ### How to make a constant and use globally?
https://medium.com/@panjeh/laravel-define-global-constants-config-php-file-5d6a9900bb6e
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
169. ### How to remove /public from URL in laravel?
Rename server.php in your Laravel root folder to index.php
Copy the .htaccess file from /public directory to your Laravel root folder.
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170. ### What are the difference between soft delete & delete in Laravel?
https://blog.hashvel.com/posts/eloquent-orm-soft-delete-permanent-delete-in-laravel/
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
171. ### How we can upload files in laravel?
Using `Form` class.
```
'/uploadfile','files'=>'true'));
echo 'Select the file to upload.';
echo Form::file('image');
echo Form::submit('Upload File');
echo Form::close();
?>
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
172. ### Why are Redux state functions c166. ### How to create real time sitemap.xml file in Laravel?
Make a controller to loop through all pages and list them. Make a route to it.
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173. ### How to use skip() and take() in Laravel Query?
https://www.bestinterviewquestion.com/question/how-to-use-skip-take-in-laravel-query-kcle83908l2
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
174. ### What is tinker in laravel?
Tinker is command line code functionality where you can write Laravel code in CLI.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
175. ### What is a REPL?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
176. ### How to use multiple 'OR' condition in Laravel Query?
Use it as an array in a single or function.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
177. ### Please write some additional where Clauses in Laravel?
Use it as an array inside where function.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
178. ### How to check column is exists or not in a table using Laravel?
SELECT that column and chekc if result is not null
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
179. ### What is eager loading in Laravel?
https://medium.com/@sdkcodes/laravel-eloquent-eager-loading-9596b15e8b5d
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
180. ### How to generate application key in laravel?
php artisan key:generate
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
181. ### What is LTS version of Laravel?
LTS version is a version where the support is longer i.e it gets longer fixes and support and is a stable version.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
182. ### How to use GROUP_CONCAT() with JOIN in Laravel?
https://www.bestinterviewquestion.com/question/how-to-use-group-concat-with-join-in-laravel-cht1n5023bz
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
183. ### How to extend login expire time in Auth?
Change the minutes in config\session.php file.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
184. ### How to extend a layout file in laravel view?
@extends('name.app')
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
185. ### How do you use yield()?
@yield('navigation')
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
186. ### What is ACL in laravel?
Package that manages user permissions
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
187. ### How to check Ajax request in Laravel?
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29231587/laravel-check-if-ajax-request
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
188. ### How to check if value is sent in request?
dd($Request)
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
189. ### Laravel String Helper functions?
https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/helpers
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
190. ### Laravel Array Helper functions?
https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/helpers
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
191. ### How to exclude a route with parameters from CSRF verification?
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48062083/laravel-5-4-exclude-a-route-with-parameters-from-csrf-verification
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
192. ### What are policies classes?
https://laravel.com/docs/5.7/authorization#policy-methods
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
193. ### How to rollback last migration?
Run migration rollback. If you want to rollback more than one steps, give the steps count.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
194. ### What do you mean by Laravel Dusk?
https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/dusk
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
195. ### Explain Laravel echo
Used with broadcasting and sockets.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
196. ### What is namespace in Laravel?
Identifies a code block and treats it separate fropm the rest so same name confusions don't occur.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
197. ### What is Laravel Forge?
Laravel managed cloud hosting
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
198. ### State the difference between CodeIgniter and Laravel.
CodeIgniter is an older framework and Laravel is a much advanced framework.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
199. ### What is an Observer?
https://codebriefly.com/brief-understanding-on-laravel-observers/
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
200. ### What is the use of the bootstrap directory?
Laravel starts from there.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
201. ### What is the default session timeout duration?
120 minutes
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
202. ### Explain API.PHP route
It is used for creating API. Its url is /api/slug
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
203. ### Define hashing in Laravel
https://laravel.com/docs/5.7/hashing
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
204. ### What is Localization?
https://medium.com/@nedsoft/laravel-localization-made-simple-8ee4a34731e7
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
205. ### How to share data with views?
Pass it from the routes. To add for all views: https://laravel.com/docs/5.7/views#sharing-data-with-all-views
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206. ### How to generate a request in Laravel?
Enter a route. It will go to the routes file to match the route and return a response.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
207. ### I just have installed a fresh version of Laravel 5, and I have the white screen of death. What’s wrong?
You might see the white screen of death because of not enough permissions in folders. Try changing permissions of `/public`, `/vendor`, `/storage` folders.
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208. ### How to assign a variable value for all view file?
```
public function __construct() {
$this->middleware(function ($request, $next) {
$name = session()->get('businessinfo.name'); // get value from session
View::share('user_name', $name); // set value for all View
View::share('user_email', session()->get('businessinfo.email'));
return $next($request);
});
}
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
209. ### How to make a constant and use globally?
Create it in the .env file
210. ### How to check current installed version of Laravel?
See `composer.json` file.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
211. ### What does "composer dump-autoload" do?
It just regenerates the list of all classes that need to be included in the project (autoload_classmap.php).
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212. ### What is Kept in vendor directory of Laravel?
Laravel dependencies. Their code.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
213. ### What does PHP compact function do?
Convert variables to array.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
214. ### What are Laravel facades?
Facade are blackbox.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
215. ### What directories that need to be writable laravel installation?
/public
/bootstrap/cache
/vendor
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
216. ### How to check current Laravel version using CLI?
php artisan --version
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
217. ### Why prefer Laravel over other frameworks?
https://blog.vanila.io/why-laravel-is-best-php-framework-98a2784d76dc?gi=a81f8fa92a65
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
218. ### What are service containers?
Service container is like a container where we define how the dependency should be resolved. We have to register the dependencies into the service container during the initialization of the framework and the best place to do it is the service provider.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
219. ### Write CRUD in Laravel Eloquent
CREATE:
$flight = new Flight;
READ:
$flights = App\Flight::all();
foreach ($flights as $flight) {
echo $flight->name;
}
UPDATE:
$flight = new Flight;
$flight->name = $request->name;
$flight->save();
DELETE:
$flight->delete();
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
220. ### Write CRUD in Laravel Query Builder
CREATE:
```
DB::table('users')->insert(
['email' => '[email protected]', 'votes' => 0]
);
```
READ:
```
$users = DB::table('users')->get();
```
UPDATE:
```
DB::table('users')
->where('id', 1)
->update(['votes' => 1]);
```
DELETE:
```
DB::table('users')->where('votes', '>', 100)->delete();
```
source: https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/queries
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
221. ### What are Eloquent collections?
A way to get all of the data of a one or more models which might be required.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
222. ### Build a to-do application with Laravel backend and a frontend framework
--
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
223. ### What are the day to day tasks of a Laravel developer?
1. Creating APIs
2. Write queries using Eloquent
3. Write helper functions
4. Installing required extensions for setting up Laravel
5. Setting up docker
6. Setting up homestead
7. Vue
8. Writing complex queries using eloquent
9. Using design patterns to build scaleable solutions
10. Tweak blade template.
11. Create SPA
12. Seed data into the database
--
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
224. ### Output a raw query using eloquent or query builder.
Two ways,
1. Turn the DB logs on and check the last query run in it.
2. add ->ToSQL() function after the query.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
225. ### How to create custom helper functions?
Create a helper.php file anywhere and place the functions in it
Add its location in the composer.json `files` area.
Run composer dump autoload
Answer here: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28290332/best-practices-for-custom-helpers-in-laravel-5
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
226. ### How to check installed extensions in CLI and web for PHP?
```
web: run phpinfo() function
cli: php -m
```
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
227. ### How to create multiple where clause in eloquent?
Use a single where clause and give the parameters as array
```
$query->where([
['column_1', '=', 'value_1'],
['column_2', '<>', 'value_2'],
[COLUMN, OPERATOR, VALUE],
...
])
```
228. ### How to clear all cache?
There are 4 cache in Laravel. Clear them all.
php artisan key:generate
php artisan config:cache
php artisan cache:clear
php artisan view:clear
php artisan route:clear
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
229. ### What is the difference between where and having?
Where is used for rows, having is used for columns.
230. ### How can we protect site from SQL Injections?
We can protect site from SQL injections by sanitizing inputs. Whenever you have to enter string, use PHP function mysqli_real_escape_string().
For XSS protection i.e when you have to enter string in HTML use htmlspecialchars.
You should always try to use use prepared statements.
**[⬆ Back to Top](#table-of-contents)**
231. ### List all make commands
make:cast Create a new custom Eloquent cast class
make:channel Create a new channel class
make:command Create a new Artisan command
make:component Create a new view component class
make:controller Create a new controller class
make:event Create a new event class
make:exception Create a new custom exception class
make:factory Create a new model factory
make:job Create a new job class
make:listener Create a new event listener class
make:mail Create a new email class
make:middleware Create a new middleware class
make:migration Create a new migration file
make:model Create a new Eloquent model class
make:notification Create a new notification class
make:observer Create a new observer class
make:policy Create a new policy class
make:provider Create a new service provider class
make:request Create a new form request class
make:resource Create a new resource
make:rule Create a new validation rule
make:seeder Create a new seeder class
make:test Create a new test class
232. ### What Are HTTP Verbs?
POST, GET, PUT, PATCH, and DELETE etc
233. ### How to do Pagination in DB?
$users = DB::table('users')->paginate(15);
234. ### What is ORM?
Object–relational mapping is used to use Object oriented way to use database.
235. What are pub/sub in Laravel?
Its a broadcasting method.
Pub=Publisher
Sub=Subscriber
Decreases communication complexity
Peforms its task without knowing the other details of the system
236. Routing system for handling HTTP requests
Routes are in routes/web.php for web routes. There are 3 more routes.
236. Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture for code organization
It is used for separation of concern.
236. Eloquent ORM for database operations
Eloquent is a DB wrapper which is OOP based. Has lots of advantages.
236. Database migration system for managing database changes
Laravel has migrations up(), down() functions which run the migrations when we do php artisan migrate or rollback.
236. Blade templating engine for creating views
Blade is a templating engine.
236. Authentication system with user registration, login, and password reset
Its already there in Laravel.
236. Authorization mechanisms for access control
use spatie
236. Caching support for improved performance
Its there. You can use it.
236. Queue system for processing tasks asynchronously
Queues are there. You can create your own too.
236. Event system for decoupled and modular code
....
236. Error and exception handling with detailed error pages and logging
....
236. Built-in testing support for unit, HTTP, and browser testing
....
236. Security features including CSRF protection, encryption, and input validation
....
236. API development tools with authentication, rate limiting, and resource transformation
....
236. Task scheduling for running commands at specified intervals
....
236. File storage with support for different drivers like local, S3, FTP, etc.
....
236. Notification system for sending notifications via various channels
....
236. Localization tools for translating application text
....
236. Validation system for validating user input
....
236. Middleware for modifying incoming requests or outgoing responses
....
236. Artisan command-line interface for common development tasks
....
236. Dependency Injection container for managing class dependencies
....
236. Form and HTML helpers for simplifying form creation
....
236. Query Builder for building database queries in a fluent manner
....
236. Notification system for sending notifications via various channels
....
227. Pagination support
```
Use the paginate() function
use App\Models\Post;
public function index()
{
$posts = Post::paginate(10); // Retrieve 10 posts per page
return view('posts.index', ['posts' => $posts]);
}
```
229. Session handling
Use the session() function
230. Redis integration
232. Broadcasting system
We use it to send message to many people
234. E-mail sending capabilities
It uses PHPMailer
236. Logging system
It uses Log facade.
238. Socialite integration
It uses Laravel socialite for social login
240. Validation of incoming requests using form request classes
You can write the terminal query to create the /App/Request/ItemRequest.php file which will hold the rules and the failure response.
242. Task scheduling
Put the code in ```app/Console/Kernel.php```
244. Horizon dashboard
Queue monitoring
246. Telescope debug assistant
For debugging.
248. API resource classes
make:resource name. Use to create CRUD scaffolding automatically.
250. Policies:
Use to define rules which data will be accepted in API
252. Artisan command scheduling
Make:command, write logic in handle function, put the scheduling time in Console/kernel.php. Then write ``` php artisan schedule:run in crontab -e
254. Multiple file system configuration
You can define multiple filesystems like S3 and local and for each save decide where you want to take it.
255. Helper functions
App/Helper.php for common functions.
257. Authorization gates
For the authenticated users we can select who can see what using gates.
259. HTTP client
Laravel has a HTTP facade for making API calls.
261. Blade components and slots
you can define layouts in blade
263. Rate limiting
you can limit the amount of time API is hit by a single IP
265. Database query logging
You can log the entire query in the file log.
267. Route model binding
If you name the controller, model right and put them right in the routes folder than you don't need to call the model in the controller in order to use the model. Laravel figures it out itself.
269. Maintenance mode: php artisan down.
270. Broadcasting events to websockets
271. Soft deletes
```
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;
class YourModel extends Model
{
use SoftDeletes;
// ...
}
```
273. **Resource controllers:** Controllers designed for CRUD operations, typically used for APIs and created using `make:resource` instead of `make:controller`.
275. **OAuth authentication support:** Utilize Laravel Passport for OAuth authentication in your application.
277. **Jobs and Queues:** Jobs represent background operations, while queues are lanes that execute these jobs. Multiple jobs can share the same queue, enabling sequential execution. Dedicating separate queues for time-dependent jobs enhances faster execution.
279. **Database seeds:** Populate the database with predefined records using database seeding.
280. **API version:** Assign versions to your API for effective version control.
281. **Mailing list functionality:** Implement the ability to create and manage mailing lists, although it's less common nowadays due to the prevalence of third-party services like Mailchimp.
282. **In-memory cache drivers:** Utilize cache drivers that store data in memory for faster access.
283. **Cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) support:** Enable CORS to allow requests from different origins.
284. **Database query builder macros:** Extend Laravel's query builder with custom macros for additional functionality.
285. **File uploads handling and validation:** Manage file uploads and validate them according to specified rules.
286. **Pagination customization:** Customize the way pagination is handled in your application.
287. **Maintenance mode scheduling:** Use `php artisan down` to put your application in maintenance mode, scheduling maintenance tasks.
288. **Command bus:** Implement a command bus for handling commands in your application.
289. **Queue worker management:** Use Laravel Horizon for efficient management of queue workers.
290. **Encryption and decryption utilities:** Leverage Laravel's utilities for encrypting and decrypting data.
291. **API rate limiting:** Implement restrictions on the number of requests a user or client can make to your API within a specified time frame.
292. **Automatic model event handling:** Define and handle model events automatically in your Laravel application.
293. **Database transactions:** Ensure data integrity by using database transactions when performing multiple related database operations.
294. **Form request validation:** Validate incoming HTTP requests using form request validation.
295. **Resourceful routing:** Implement RESTful resource routes for clean and standardized routing.
296. **Nested resource routing:** Create routes for nested resources to represent hierarchical relationships.
297. **API authentication:** Secure your API by implementing authentication mechanisms.
298. **Localization:** Enable the localization of your application to support multiple languages or regions.
299. **Pagination links customization:** Customize the appearance and behavior of pagination links in your Laravel application.
300. **Eager loading of relationships:** Load related data upfront to optimize performance by reducing the number of queries executed.
301. **Reverse routing:** Generate URLs based on route names, enhancing maintainability and reducing hardcoded links.
302. **Automatic injection of request dependencies in controller methods:** Laravel automatically injects request dependencies into controller methods, simplifying parameter handling.
303. **Dynamic configuration loading:** Load configuration settings dynamically based on runtime conditions or environment variables.
304. **Database connection switching:** Switch between different database connections as needed in your Laravel application.
305. **HTTP caching:** Implement caching at the HTTP level to improve response times and reduce server load.
306. **Request handling:** Process incoming HTTP requests and manage data using Laravel's request handling features.
307. **Console commands:** Create custom console commands for performing tasks via the command line.
308. **View composers:** Attach logic to views using view composers, allowing dynamic data manipulation before rendering.
309. **Authorization using gates and policies:** Implement fine-grained authorization logic using gates and policies in Laravel.
310. **Cross-site scripting (XSS) protection:** Automatically protect your application against XSS attacks by escaping output.
311. **Cookie handling:** Manage cookies in your Laravel application for storing and retrieving data on the client side.
312. **API resource pagination:** Implement pagination specifically for API resources, tailoring it to API response needs.
313. **Custom validation rules:** Define and use custom validation rules for specific data validation requirements.
314. **Database connection pooling:** Pool and reuse database connections to optimize resource usage and improve performance.
315. **Task scheduling based on cron expressions:** Schedule tasks in Laravel using cron expressions for precise timing.
316. **Macroable trait:** Use the Macroable trait to add custom methods dynamically to classes in Laravel.
317. **Response macros:** Extend the functionality of HTTP responses by adding custom macros.
318. **Maintenance mode customization:** Customize the maintenance mode page and behavior during application maintenance.
319. **Database query logging customization:** Customize the logging of database queries for debugging and optimization.
320. **Authorization ability checks:** Implement ability checks in Laravel for more granular authorization control.
321. **Middleware groups:** Group middleware for organized and reusable application-level logic.
322. **Subquery support:** Use subqueries in Laravel Eloquent to perform complex database queries.
323. **Model factories:** Generate fake data for testing purposes using model factories.
324. **Dynamic database connection switching based on runtime conditions:** Switch database connections dynamically based on runtime conditions or user inputs.
325. **Route caching:** Cache route information for faster route resolution in Laravel applications.
326. **Environment configuration:** Configure your application based on different environments (development, production, etc.).
327. **Laravel Interview Questions:** A collection of potential questions for Laravel interviews.
328-349. **Various Laravel concepts and techniques:** A list of specific Laravel concepts and techniques covered in the provided questions.
350. **API rate limiting in Laravel:** Implement restrictions on the rate of requests made to your API to prevent abuse and ensure fair usage.
351. **"hasManyThrough" relationship:** In Laravel Eloquent, the "hasManyThrough" relationship allows you to define a relationship between two models through an intermediate model. It is used when a model has multiple related models through another model, creating a convenient way to access distant relationships.
352. **Implementing database transactions in Laravel:** Use the `DB::transaction` method to wrap a series of database operations within a transaction. This ensures that all operations succeed or fail together, maintaining data consistency.
353. **Purpose of the "route" function in Laravel views:** The "route" function generates URLs for named routes, allowing you to reference routes by name rather than hardcoding URLs in Blade views. This enhances maintainability and flexibility.
354. **Eager loading constraints in Laravel:** Eager loading constraints allow you to apply additional conditions when eager loading relationships. It filters the related data based on specified criteria, optimizing the retrieval of related models.
355. **"attach" method in Laravel Eloquent relationships:** In a many-to-many relationship, the "attach" method is used to associate related models. It adds records to the intermediate table that links the two models.
356. **Purpose of the "assertSee" method in Laravel testing:** The "assertSee" method is used in Laravel testing to assert that a given text is present in the HTML response. It ensures that the expected content is visible in the rendered view.
357. **Implementing full-text search in Laravel:** Utilize Laravel Scout for full-text search capabilities. Scout integrates with search engines like Algolia or Elasticsearch, enabling efficient and powerful searching within your application.
358. **Purpose of the "encryptString" method in Laravel:** The "encryptString" method is used to encrypt a string using Laravel's encryption services. It provides a secure way to store sensitive information.
359. **Implementing job queues in Laravel:** Laravel's job queues allow you to handle time-consuming tasks in the background. Use features like Laravel Horizon or the default queue worker to process jobs asynchronously.
360. **Concept of method spoofing in Laravel forms:** Method spoofing allows you to simulate HTTP methods like PUT or DELETE in HTML forms. This is achieved by including a hidden field or using the `@method` Blade directive to override the form's HTTP method.
361. **Implementing database indexing in Laravel:** Use Laravel migrations to add indexes to database tables. Indexing improves query performance by optimizing the retrieval of data, especially for columns used in search conditions.
362. **Purpose of the "detach" method in Laravel Eloquent relationships:** In a many-to-many relationship, the "detach" method is used to remove the association between related models. It deletes records from the intermediate table.
363. **Implementing real-time notifications in Laravel:** Use Laravel Echo and WebSockets to implement real-time notifications. This enables instant communication between the server and connected clients for timely updates.
364. **Purpose of the "paginate" method in Laravel Eloquent:** The "paginate" method is used to paginate query results, breaking them into smaller chunks for organized and easy-to-manage display.
365. **Purpose of the "hasOne" relationship in Laravel Eloquent:** The "hasOne" relationship defines a one-to-one relationship between two models. It signifies that a model has only one related model.
366. **Purpose of the "once" method in Laravel cache:** The "once" method stores a value in the cache for a single request cycle. It ensures that the value is retrieved from the cache only once during the current request.
367. **Purpose of the "crossJoin" method in Laravel query builder:** The "crossJoin" method is used in Laravel query builder to perform a cross join between multiple tables, producing a Cartesian product of their records.
368. **Implementing multiple authentication guards in Laravel:** Laravel allows you to configure and use multiple authentication guards, enabling different user types to authenticate against different sources or methods.
369. **Implementing custom error pages in Laravel:** Customize error pages for specific HTTP status codes to provide a more user-friendly and branded experience during errors.
370. **Purpose and usage of the "macro" method in Laravel:** The "macro" method, part of Laravel's Macroable trait, allows you to dynamically add custom methods to classes. It enhances the flexibility and extensibility of Laravel components.
446. **Implementing custom URL generators in Laravel:** Create custom URL generators to generate URLs with specific formats or structures tailored to your application's needs.
371. **Purpose of the "artisan event:generate" command:** The "artisan event:generate" command is used to generate event-related files, such as event classes, listeners, and subscribers. It streamlines the creation of components related to event handling in Laravel.
372. **Concept of database sharding in Laravel:** Database sharding involves distributing database tables across multiple servers to improve performance and scalability. Each shard handles a subset of the data, allowing for parallel processing.
373. **Implementing multi-tenancy in Laravel:** Multi-tenancy involves designing and configuring an application to support multiple tenants, each with its own isolated data and configuration within a shared application instance.
374. **Purpose of the "lockForUpdate" method in Laravel query builder:** The "lockForUpdate" method is used to lock selected rows for update within a database transaction. It prevents other transactions from modifying the locked rows until the current transaction is completed.
375. **Concept of container resolution in Laravel:** Container resolution in Laravel refers to the process of resolving and injecting dependencies through the application's Inversion of Control (IoC) container. Laravel's container manages the instantiation and injection of classes, promoting flexibility and testability.
376. **Implementing multi-language support in Laravel:** Laravel provides localization features to implement multi-language support in applications. Use language files and the `trans` helper function to support multiple languages.
377. **Purpose of the "artisan make:command" command:** The "artisan make:command" command generates a new Artisan command for the Laravel console. It creates the necessary files and structure for custom command development.
378. **Usage of the "dispatchNow" method in Laravel:** The "dispatchNow" method is used to dispatch a job and run it immediately without queuing. It provides a synchronous way to execute a job within the current request cycle.
379. **Implementing content negotiation in Laravel APIs:** Content negotiation involves negotiating the response format based on the client's requested content type. Laravel APIs can handle different formats such as JSON or XML based on client preferences.
380. **Purpose of the "assertJsonFragment" method in Laravel testing:** The "assertJsonFragment" method is used in Laravel testing to assert that a JSON response contains a specified fragment. It ensures that the expected JSON structure or data is present in the response.
381. **Query Scopes in Laravel Eloquent:**
Query scopes in Laravel Eloquent allow you to encapsulate common query logic within your Eloquent models. By defining query scope methods, you can reuse specific query constraints to enhance code readability and maintainability. These scopes are then applied to Eloquent queries, providing a convenient way to filter or modify query results.
457. **Implementing Event Broadcasting with Redis in Laravel:**
Laravel supports event broadcasting, allowing real-time communication between the server and connected clients. To implement event broadcasting with Redis in Laravel, you can use Laravel Echo and the Laravel Broadcasting system. Configure the broadcasting driver to use Redis, and set up event listeners and channels for seamless communication.
383. **"withoutTrashed" Method in Laravel Eloquent:**
The "withoutTrashed" method is used in Laravel Eloquent to retrieve only the active (non-soft-deleted) records from a model that implements soft deletes. It excludes any records that have been marked as deleted using the soft delete feature.
384. **Model Observers in Laravel:**
Model observers in Laravel are classes that listen to specific Eloquent model events and respond to them. By defining observers, you can separate the event-handling logic from the model itself, promoting cleaner and more modular code. Observers are particularly useful for tasks like sending notifications, logging, or triggering other actions when certain events occur.
385. **Implementing Dynamic Relationships in Laravel Eloquent:**
Dynamic relationships in Laravel Eloquent allow you to define relationships between models based on runtime conditions or parameters. You can use methods like "dynamicWhereHas" to dynamically determine the related models based on specific criteria during runtime.
386. **"artisan optimize:models" Command:**
The "artisan optimize:models" command in Laravel is used to optimize Eloquent models for better performance. It generates a list of all model files in the application and compiles them into a single, cached file. This helps reduce the overhead of loading multiple model files, improving the application's response time.
387. **"tap" Function in Laravel Collections:**
The "tap" function in Laravel collections allows you to perform actions on the collection and then return the collection itself. It provides a convenient way to modify a collection in-place without the need for assignment statements.
388. **Implementing Dynamic Subdomains in Laravel:**
Dynamic subdomains in Laravel can be implemented by configuring route patterns and using wildcard subdomains. You can extract dynamic values from the subdomain and use them in your application logic. This is useful for creating personalized or dynamic subdomains for different users or content.
389. **"fire" Method in Laravel Events:**
The "fire" method in Laravel events is an older method used to manually trigger an event. However, it has been replaced by the "dispatch" method. Events are now typically dispatched using the "dispatch" method for better consistency and to align with Laravel's evolving conventions.
390. **Dynamic Method Handling in Laravel:**
Dynamic method handling in Laravel involves using the "__call" magic method to handle calls to undefined or dynamically created methods. This allows you to intercept method calls and implement custom logic based on the method name and arguments.
391. **Full-Text Search with Elasticsearch in Laravel:**
Implementing full-text search with Elasticsearch in Laravel involves integrating Elasticsearch into your application and using Laravel Scout. Scout provides a convenient way to perform full-text searches and leverage the powerful features of Elasticsearch.
392. **"assertDatabaseMissing" Method in Laravel Testing:**
The "assertDatabaseMissing" method in Laravel testing is used to assert that a record is not present in the database. It helps ensure that certain data is not persisted in the database after a specific action or operation.
393. **Database Indexing Strategies in Laravel:**
Database indexing strategies in Laravel involve choosing and implementing effective indexing techniques to optimize database query performance. Strategies may include indexing columns used in search conditions, creating composite indexes, and understanding the impact of different index types.
394. **Implementing Database Replication in Laravel:**
Database replication in Laravel involves configuring multiple database servers to replicate data for improved performance and fault tolerance. Laravel supports read and write database connections, allowing you to distribute read operations across replicated databases.
395. **"artisan make:policy" Command:**
The "artisan make:policy" command in Laravel is used to generate a new policy class. Policies define authorization logic for specific models and actions, providing a structured way to manage access control in your application.
396. **"refresh" Method in Laravel Eloquent Relationships:**
The "refresh" method in Laravel Eloquent relationships refreshes the related model instance from the database. It is useful when you want to reload the latest data for a related model.
397. **Implementing Content Caching with Varnish in Laravel:**
To implement content caching with Varnish in Laravel, you configure Varnish as a reverse proxy in front of your web server. Varnish caches content and serves it directly to clients, reducing the load on your server and improving response times.
398. **"mergeBindings" Method in
Laravel Query Builder:**
The "mergeBindings" method in Laravel query builder allows you to merge the bindings of another query into the current query. This is useful when combining multiple queries with shared bindings.
399. **Concept of Deferred Service Providers in Laravel:**
Deferred service providers in Laravel allow you to defer the registration of services until they are actually needed. This can improve application performance by loading only the necessary services on demand.
400. **Real-Time Broadcasting with Pusher in Laravel:**
Real-time broadcasting with Pusher in Laravel involves configuring Laravel Echo and the Broadcasting system to use Pusher as the broadcasting driver. This enables real-time communication between the server and connected clients, making it ideal for features like live updates.
401. **"assertJsonCount" Method in Laravel Testing:**
The "assertJsonCount" method in Laravel testing is used to assert the count of elements in a JSON response. It ensures that the response contains the expected number of elements, helping to validate the correctness of the API response.
402. **Concept of Nested Relationships in Laravel Eloquent:**
Nested relationships in Laravel Eloquent involve defining relationships within relationships. This allows you to retrieve deeply nested related data, providing a convenient way to work with complex data structures.
403. **Implementing Data Encryption at Rest in Laravel:**
Data encryption at rest in Laravel involves securing sensitive data stored in databases or files. Laravel provides encryption services that allow you to encrypt and decrypt data using robust encryption algorithms.
404. **"artisan serve --host" Command:**
The "artisan serve --host" command in Laravel allows you to specify the host address when running the built-in development server. It is used to serve the application on a specific host, making it accessible on a custom domain or IP address.
405. **Usage of the "reorder" Method in Laravel Eloquent:**
The "reorder" method in Laravel Eloquent is used to change the order of results based on a custom ordering criteria. It is useful when you want to reorder query results after applying certain conditions.
406. **Implementing Distributed Caching with Memcached in Laravel:**
To implement distributed caching with Memcached in Laravel, configure Laravel to use Memcached as the caching driver. This enhances performance by distributing cached data across multiple servers.
407. **"flushEventListeners" Method in Laravel Eloquent:**
The "flushEventListeners" method in Laravel Eloquent clears all registered event listeners for a model. It is useful when you want to reset or remove all event listeners associated with a particular model.
408. **Concept of Eloquent Presenter Pattern in Laravel:**
The Eloquent Presenter pattern in Laravel involves using presenter classes to format and present Eloquent model data in a more user-friendly way. Presenters separate the presentation logic from the model, promoting cleaner and more maintainable code.
409. **Implementing Real-Time Notifications with WebSockets in Laravel:**
Real-time notifications with WebSockets in Laravel involve using Laravel Echo, Laravel WebSockets, and a WebSocket server like Laravel Echo Server or Pusher. This enables real-time communication and push notifications between the server and connected clients.
410. **"assertDatabaseHas" Method in Laravel Testing:**
The "assertDatabaseHas" method in Laravel testing is used to assert that a record with specific attributes exists in the database. It helps verify that certain data has been successfully persisted in the database.
411. **Concept of Attribute Casting in Laravel Eloquent:**
Attribute casting in Laravel Eloquent allows you to specify how Eloquent should transform attribute values when reading from or writing to the database. It provides a way to cast attributes to specific data types.
412. **Implementing Request Throttling in Laravel APIs:**
Request throttling in Laravel APIs involves controlling the rate at which clients can make requests to the API. Laravel provides middleware and configuration options to implement throttling based on various criteria.
413. **"artisan route:cache" Command:**
The "artisan route:cache" command in Laravel is used to cache the routes defined in the application. Caching routes can improve the performance of route registration, especially in production environments.
414. **Usage of the "observe" Method in Laravel Eloquent:**
The "observe" method in Laravel Eloquent is used to register model observers for a specific model. Observers listen for Eloquent events and respond accordingly, providing a clean separation of concerns.
415. **Implementing Database Connection Pooling in Laravel:**
Database connection pooling in Laravel involves using a connection pool to efficiently manage and reuse database connections. Laravel supports connection pooling to enhance database connection efficiency.
3390. **"assertDatabaseCount" Method in Laravel Testing:**
The "assertDatabaseCount" method in Laravel testing is used to assert the count of records in the database table. It helps verify that the expected number of records exists in the specified table.
417. **Optimistic Locking in Laravel:**
Optimistic locking in Laravel is a concurrency control mechanism that prevents conflicts between multiple users trying to modify the same database record simultaneously. It involves adding a version number to a database record and checking this version number before performing an update. If the version number has changed since the record was loaded, the update is rejected, and the user is notified of the conflict.
418. **Implementing Fine-Grained Authorization with Laravel Gates:**
Laravel Gates provide a way to define fine-grained authorization logic in your application. Gates are closures that determine whether a user is authorized to perform a specific action. You can define gates in the `AuthServiceProvider` and then use them to check permissions throughout your application, allowing for detailed control over user access.
419. **"artisan schedule:list" Command:**
The "artisan schedule:list" command in Laravel is used to display a list of all scheduled tasks in your application. It shows the defined tasks, their schedules, and other relevant information, helping you review and manage the scheduled tasks configured in your Laravel application.
420. **Implementing Dynamic Database Connections in Laravel:**
Dynamic database connections in Laravel involve configuring and switching between different database connections based on runtime conditions. You can use the `DB` facade to specify the connection dynamically, allowing your application to interact with different databases as needed.
421. **"assertDontSee" Method in Laravel Testing:**
The "assertDontSee" method in Laravel testing is used to assert that a given string is not present in the response content. It helps ensure that certain content is not rendered or displayed in the HTML response returned by a test.
422. **Event Sourcing in Laravel:**
Event sourcing in Laravel is a design pattern where the state of an application is determined by a sequence of events. Instead of storing the current state of the application, events representing state changes are stored. This approach provides a reliable audit trail, allows for easy replay of events, and enables building complex systems with distributed components.
423. **Implementing Real-Time Search with Elasticsearch in Laravel:**
To implement real-time search with Elasticsearch in Laravel, you can use Laravel Scout. Scout provides a convenient way to integrate with Elasticsearch for searching and indexing. By defining searchable models and using Scout's search capabilities, you can enable real-time search functionality in your Laravel application.
424. **"artisan optimize:routes" Command:**
The "artisan optimize:routes" command in Laravel is used to cache the routes defined in the application, optimizing the performance of route registration. It generates a cached file that Laravel can use to quickly load and match routes, particularly useful in production environments.
425. **"retrieved" Event in Laravel Eloquent Models:**
The "retrieved" event in Laravel Eloquent models is fired after a model has been retrieved from the database. You can listen for this event to perform additional actions or modifications on the model instance after it has been loaded.
426. **Implementing Data Replication and Synchronization in Laravel:**
Data replication and synchronization in Laravel involve ensuring that data is consistent across multiple databases or instances. You can implement this by creating custom logic or using tools that replicate and synchronize data changes between different data stores.
427. **"assertDatabaseTransaction" Method in Laravel Testing:**
The "assertDatabaseTransaction" method in Laravel testing is used to assert that a set of database operations are performed within a database transaction. It helps ensure that a series of database changes are atomic and do not persist if any part of the transaction fails.
428. **Domain-Driven Design (DDD) in Laravel:**
Domain-Driven Design is an approach to software development that emphasizes creating a shared understanding of the domain between developers and domain experts. In Laravel, DDD involves structuring the application around the business domain, using concepts such as aggregates, entities, value objects, and repositories to model and represent domain logic.
429. **Implementing Distributed Transactions in Laravel:**
Distributed transactions in Laravel involve coordinating transactions across multiple databases or services. Laravel supports distributed transactions through database transactions, and you can use tools like two-phase commit protocols for more complex distributed transaction scenarios.
430. **"artisan optimize:views" Command:**
The "artisan optimize:views" command in Laravel is used to cache the compiled Blade views, improving the performance of view rendering. It generates a cached file that Laravel can use to quickly render views, especially beneficial in production environments.
431. **"restoring" Event in Laravel Eloquent Models:**
The "restoring" event in Laravel Eloquent models is fired before a soft-deleted model is restored. You can listen for this event to perform additional actions or validations before the model is restored from the soft-deleted state.
432. **Implementing Real-Time Collaboration with Laravel and WebSockets:**
Real-time collaboration with Laravel and WebSockets involves using Laravel Echo, Laravel WebSockets, and a WebSocket server (such as Laravel Echo Server or Pusher). This enables real-time communication and collaboration features, allowing users to interact with each other in real time.
433. **"assertDatabaseSeeding" Method in Laravel Testing:**
The "assertDatabaseSeeding" method in Laravel testing is used to assert that a specific seeder class has been run and has populated the database with the expected data. It helps ensure that the seeding process is working as intended.
434. **Aggregate Roots in Laravel:**
In the context of Laravel and Domain-Driven Design, an aggregate root is a specific type of entity that acts as the root of an aggregate. Aggregates are groups of related entities and value objects treated as a single unit for data changes. The aggregate root is the only entry point to modify the data within the aggregate.
435. **Implementing Horizontal Scaling with Laravel and Kubernetes:**
Horizontal scaling with Laravel and Kubernetes involves deploying multiple instances of your Laravel application to handle increased load. Kubernetes, as a container orchestration platform, can manage the deployment, scaling, and orchestration of Laravel application containers based on demand.
436. **"artisan optimize:config" Command:**
The "artisan optimize:config" command in Laravel is used to cache the configuration files, improving the performance of configuration loading. It generates a cached file that Laravel can use to quickly access configuration values, especially useful in production environments.
437. **"restored" Event in Laravel Eloquent Models:**
The "restored" event in Laravel Eloquent models is fired after a soft-deleted model has been restored. You can listen for this event to perform additional actions or clean-up tasks after the model has been restored.
438. **Implementing Event Sourcing with CQRS in Laravel:**
Event Sourcing with Command Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) in Laravel involves using events to represent state changes and separating the command (write) and query (read) responsibilities. This architectural pattern can provide scalability, flexibility, and maintainability in complex systems.
439. **"assertDatabaseHasMissing" Method in Laravel Testing:**
The "assertDatabaseHasMissing" method in Laravel testing is used to assert that specific data is missing from the database. It helps ensure that certain data has been removed or is not present after a particular action or operation.
440. **Message Queues in Laravel:**
Message queues in Laravel are used to handle asynchronous processing and communication between different parts of an application. Laravel provides a simple and efficient queue system that allows you to defer the
execution of time-consuming tasks, improving application responsiveness.
441. **Implementing Real-Time Analytics with Laravel and Apache Kafka:**
Real-time analytics with Laravel and Apache Kafka involves using Kafka as a distributed event streaming platform. Laravel applications can publish events to Kafka, and consumers can subscribe to these events to perform real-time analytics and processing.
442. **"artisan route:scan" Command:**
The "artisan route:scan" command in Laravel is used to scan the application for route files and compile them into a cached file. It helps improve the performance of route registration, especially in applications with numerous routes.
443. **"Macroable" Trait in Laravel:**
The "Macroable" trait in Laravel allows you to dynamically add methods to a class at runtime. It provides a convenient way to extend and customize classes without modifying their source code, promoting flexibility and ease of use.
444. **Implementing High Availability and Failover in Laravel:**
High availability and failover in Laravel involve setting up infrastructure and configurations to ensure continuous availability of the application, even in the face of failures. This can include deploying the application across multiple servers, using load balancers, and implementing failover mechanisms.
445. **"assertDatabaseHasSoftDeleted" Method in Laravel Testing:**
The "assertDatabaseHasSoftDeleted" method in Laravel testing is used to assert that a soft-deleted record with specific attributes exists in the database. It helps verify that a record has been soft-deleted as expected.
446. **Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) in Laravel:**
Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) in Laravel involve using external services to deliver static assets (such as images, stylesheets, and scripts) to users. CDNs cache and distribute these assets across multiple servers globally, improving the speed and reliability of content delivery.
447. **Implementing Real-Time Chat Functionality with Laravel and WebSockets:**
Real-time chat functionality with Laravel and WebSockets involves using Laravel Echo, Laravel WebSockets, and a WebSocket server (such as Laravel Echo Server or Pusher). This enables real-time communication between users, allowing them to exchange messages in a chat application.
448. **"artisan route:clear" Command:**
The "artisan route:clear" command in Laravel is used to clear the route cache. It is helpful when you need to refresh the routes and force Laravel to recompile the route cache.
449. **"Searchable" Trait in Laravel Scout:**
The "Searchable" trait in Laravel Scout is used to define models that can be indexed and searched using a search engine (such as Elasticsearch or Algolia). By implementing this trait, you can make models searchable and perform efficient searches across indexed data.
450. **Implementing Distributed Locks and Synchronization in Laravel:**
Implementing distributed locks and synchronization in Laravel involves using mechanisms to coordinate and control access to shared resources across multiple servers or instances. Techniques such as distributed locks, semaphore systems, or distributed mutexes can be employed for effective synchronization.
451. **"assertDatabaseHasSoftDeletedMissing" Method in Laravel Testing:**
The "assertDatabaseHasSoftDeletedMissing" method in Laravel testing is a hypothetical method (not a standard Laravel assertion). It might be imagined as a way to assert that a soft-deleted record with specific attributes is missing from the database. However, it's essential to note that this specific method does not exist in Laravel testing as of my last update in January 2022.
452. **Event-Driven Microservices with Laravel and RabbitMQ:**
Event-driven microservices in Laravel involve using RabbitMQ as a message broker to enable communication and coordination between microservices. Each microservice can emit events when specific actions occur, and other microservices can subscribe to these events to react accordingly. This decouples microservices and allows for scalability and flexibility in handling various aspects of your application.
453. **Implementing Real-Time Geolocation Tracking with Laravel and Redis:**
To implement real-time geolocation tracking with Laravel and Redis, you can use Laravel Echo, Laravel WebSockets, and Redis as a data store. The application can update and retrieve the real-time geolocation data of users using WebSockets, and Redis can be used to efficiently store and retrieve this data across multiple instances of your application.
454. **"artisan config:clear" Command:**
The "artisan config:clear" command in Laravel is used to clear the configuration cache. It removes the configuration cache file, and Laravel will recompile the configuration files on the next request. This command is helpful when you make changes to the configuration files and want to ensure that the changes take effect.
455. **"chunkById" Method in Laravel Query Builder:**
The "chunkById" method in Laravel query builder is used to process a large result set in chunks based on the primary key. It retrieves a "chunk" of records based on the primary key, processes them, and continues until all records are processed. This is useful for efficiently processing large datasets without loading the entire result set into memory.
456. **Implementing Reactive Programming with Laravel and RxPHP:**
Reactive programming in Laravel involves using RxPHP, which is the Reactive Extensions for PHP. RxPHP provides a set of reactive programming primitives for handling asynchronous and event-based code. By leveraging observables, subscribers, and operators, you can build reactive systems that respond to data changes and events in a more scalable and efficient way.
457. **"assertDatabaseMissingSoftDeleted" Method in Laravel Testing:**
The "assertDatabaseMissingSoftDeleted" method in Laravel testing is a hypothetical method (not a standard Laravel assertion). It might be imagined as a way to assert that a soft-deleted record with specific attributes is missing from the database. However, similar to the previous hypothetical method, this specific method does not exist in Laravel testing as of my last update in January 2022.
458. **Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) in Laravel:**
Service-oriented architecture (SOA) in Laravel involves designing an application as a collection of loosely coupled services. Each service represents a specific business capability and can communicate with others through well-defined APIs. Laravel's support for API development and microservices makes it suitable for implementing a service-oriented architecture.
459. **Implementing Real-Time Notifications with Laravel and Amazon SNS:**
Real-time notifications with Laravel and Amazon SNS involve using Laravel's event broadcasting and Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS). Laravel can publish events to SNS topics, and subscribers (e.g., WebSocket clients) can receive real-time notifications when events occur. This enables scalable and reliable real-time communication.
460. **"artisan storage:link" Command:**
The "artisan storage:link" command in Laravel is used to create a symbolic link from the `public` folder to the `storage` folder. This is necessary to make files stored in the `storage` folder accessible from the web. It is often used when you have uploaded files and want them to be publicly accessible.
461. **"tapWhen" Method in Laravel Collections:**
The "tapWhen" method in Laravel collections is a hypothetical method (not a standard Laravel method as of my last update in January 2022). It might be imagined as a way to apply a callback to the collection elements conditionally. However, this specific method does not exist in Laravel collections.
462. **Implementing Serverless Applications with Laravel and AWS Lambda:**
Implementing serverless applications with Laravel and AWS Lambda involves creating functions that can be triggered by events. Laravel can be adapted to work in a serverless architecture by defining AWS Lambda functions, setting up API Gateway for HTTP triggers, and configuring the necessary dependencies to run Laravel in a stateless, event-driven environment.
463. **"assertDatabaseMissingSoftDeletedMissing" Method in Laravel Testing:**
This is a repetition of the previous hypothetical method, and the explanation remains the same: It's not a standard Laravel assertion method.
464. **Server-Side Rendering (SSR) in Laravel:**
Server-side rendering (SSR) in Laravel involves rendering the initial HTML content on the server before sending it to the client. While Laravel primarily uses client-side rendering (CSR) with Blade templates, you can implement SSR by using server-side rendering frameworks or tools alongside Laravel, ensuring faster page loads and improved SEO.
465. **Implementing Real-Time Collaborative Editing with Laravel and Redis:**
Real-time collaborative editing with Laravel and Redis can be achieved by using Laravel Echo, Laravel WebSockets, and Redis. When a user makes changes, the changes are broadcasted through WebSockets, and other users receive real-time updates through Redis. This allows multiple users to collaborate on the same document in real time.
466. **"artisan optimize" Command:**
The "artisan optimize" command in Laravel is used to optimize the application for better performance. It includes various optimizations, such as compiling classes, optimizing the service container, and generating a cached file for the configuration. It's a general optimization command that covers multiple aspects of the application.
467. **Inner Workings of Laravel's Service Container and Dependency Injection System:**
Laravel's service container is a powerful tool for managing class dependencies and performing dependency injection. The service container binds interfaces to concrete implementations, resolves class instances, and automatically injects dependencies into class constructors. It provides a flexible and elegant solution for managing dependencies and promoting decoupling in Laravel applications.
468. **Customizing Routing System in Laravel for Complex URL Structures:**
Customizing the routing system in Laravel for complex URL structures involves defining custom routes, route parameters, and using route patterns. Laravel's routing system is highly flexible, allowing you to create routes that match specific URL patterns and pass parameters to controllers or closures. This flexibility is useful for handling various URL structures in your application.
469. **Ways to Optimize Performance in a Laravel Application:**
Optimizing performance in a Laravel application can be achieved through various strategies, including optimizing database queries, implementing caching, using a content delivery network (CDN), minimizing external requests, optimizing autoloaded files, and leveraging Laravel Mix for asset compilation. Each optimization technique addresses different aspects of the application to enhance overall performance.
470. **Purpose and Usage of Laravel's "Deferred Providers" Feature:**
Laravel's "deferred providers" feature allows you to defer the registration of service providers until they are actually needed. This can significantly improve the performance of your application by delaying the instantiation of certain services until they are required. Deferred providers
Use the $queue variable in the code.
```
class CustomJob implements ShouldQueue
{
use Dispatchable, InteractsWithQueue, Queueable, SerializesModels;
public $queue = 'custom_queue'; // Specify the custom queue name here
/**
* Execute the job.
*
* @return void
*/
public function handle()
{
// Logic for the job execution
}
}
In the above code, we have a CustomJob class that implements the ShouldQueue interface, indicating that the job should be pushed onto a queue for asynchronous processing.
By adding the $queue property to the job class and assigning it a custom queue name (in this case, 'custom_queue'), you can specify the desired queue for the job.
Remember to update the namespace and handle method with your specific logic for the job execution.
Once you dispatch this job, it will be added to the specified queue and processed accordingly.
```