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https://github.com/fkrzski/linux-server-configuration

Linux server pacakges configuration, good to know commands, packages and tutorials
https://github.com/fkrzski/linux-server-configuration

apache2 configuration linux mysql node-js php phpmyadmin

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README 

        
# INFO

- Guide created using Debian 11 

- If you don't have `apt` package manager maybe you have [one of this package managers](https://www.geekboots.com/story/list-of-linux-package-manager-and-their-utility)

- If you have any suggestions create an Issue :D 



# PHP

## Installation



#### 1. Update and upgrade `apt` package manager

```shell

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

```



#### 2. Install required packages

```shell

sudo apt install -y lsb-release ca-certificates apt-transport-https software-properties-common gnupg2

```



#### 3. Add Ondrej Surý repository to sources list to be able to download and install PHP 8.*

```shell

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

```



#### 4. Update `apt` package manager

```shell

sudo apt update

```



#### 5. Install PHP

You can replace with any other version of PHP, for example `php5.6`

```shell

sudo apt install php8.1 -y 

```



#### 6. Check installation

```shell

php --version

```



#### 7. Optional most used packages

```shell

sudo apt install php8.1-{bcmath,xml,fpm,mysql,zip,intl,ldap,gd,cli,bz2,curl,mbstring,pgsql,opcache,soap,cgi} -y

```



## Optional configuration

All changes are in `php.ini` file. If you want set changes for CLI you need to update `.ini` file from `/etc/php/8.1/cli/` directory. But if you want changes for websites you need to change `.ini` file from `/etc/php/8.1/apache2/` directory

```shell

sudo nano /etc/php/8.1/cli/php.ini

```



After changing in `apache2` directory you must ***ALWAYS*** restart Apache2 server

```shell

sudo systemctl restart apache2

```



In `nano` you can go to specific line using CTRL + SHIFT + - , typing line number and pressing ENTER



#### Bigger POST upload size

```shell

post_max_size = 16M # Line 698

```



#### Bigger file upload size

```shell

upload_max_filesize = 16M # Line 850

```



#### More memory limit

```shell

memory_limit = 256M # Line 430

```



# Composer

#### 1. Update and upgrade `apt` package manager

```shell

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

```



#### 2. Install required PHP packages

Replace `php8.1` with yours PHP version

```shell

sudo apt install wget php8.1-cli php8.1-zip unzip -y

```



#### 3. Download Composer installer

```shell

wget -O composer-setup.php https://getcomposer.org/installer

```



#### 4. Install Composer globally (For all users)

You can change installation directory by changing `/usr/local/bin` in `--install-dir=` parameter

```shell

sudo php composer-setup.php --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer

```



#### 5. Update Composer

```shell

sudo composer self-update  

```



#### 6. Check Composer version

```shell

sudo composer --version  

```



# MySQL

Installation and basic configuration of MySQL and MySQL server



## Installation

#### 1. Update and upgrade `apt` package manager

```shell

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

```



#### 2. Install required packages

``` shell

sudo apt install gnupg wget -y

```

#### 3. Download MySQL `.deb` package

You can download another version of MySQL form [here](https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/)

```shell

# Example link, you put your link after wget

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.22-1_all.deb

```



#### 4. Add downloaded `.deb` package to package manager

Run your dpkg package with the `-i` flag, that indicates that you’d like to install from the specified file and `*` char depends all files that's name start from `mysql-apt-config`

```shell

sudo dpkg -i mysql-apt-config*

```

When you see screen with MySQL and MySQL tools select menu, select mysql-8 and press ENTER, press TAB and ENTER. 



#### 5. Update `apt` package manager

```shell

sudo apt update

```



#### 6. Install MySQL server

```shell

sudo apt install mysql-server -y

```

During installation, you must set root account password and select authentication plugin. I recommend `Strong password encryption`



#### 7. Check installation

```shell

sudo mysql --version

```



## Configuration

#### 1. Run secure installation and configure MySQL

```shell

sudo mysql_secure_installation

```

During installation, you need to configure the password validation level, choose whether you want to change the root password (if set), delete anonymous users or not, prohibit remote root login, delete the test database and reload the permissions. 


I recommend: 2, No (if set), Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes



# phpMyAdmin

## Install phpMyAdmin

#### 1. Update and upgrade `apt` package manager

```shell

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

```



#### 2. Install `phpMyAdmin` and required packages

Change `php8.1` to your version, for example `php5.6`

```shell

sudo apt install wget php8.1 php8.1-cgi php8.1-mysqli php8.1-mbstring libapache2-mod-php php8.1-common php8.1-mysql phpmyadmin -y

```

During installation, you need to select phpMyAdmin type (Apache or lighthttpd). Press SPACE to select, TAB and ENTER.

Next you must set up password to phpMyAdmin user and confirm it with root password (Set up in MySQL section)



## Configure phpMyAdmin and resolve `Deprecated...` warnings and errors

#### 1. Go to folder with phpMyAdmin

```shell

cd /usr/share

```



#### 2. Create backup of phpMyAdmin

```shell

sudo mv phpmyadmin/ phpmyadminold/

```



#### 3. Choose phpMyAdmin version and download

Go to [phpMyAdmin version list](https://www.phpmyadmin.net/files/), select wanted version and copy link.

```shell

wget https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/5.2.0/phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages.zip

```



#### 4. Unzip downloaded folder

```shell

sudo unzip phpMyAdmin*

```



#### 5. Copy downloaded directory and rename

```shell

sudo cp -r phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages phpmyadmin



# Optionally you can remove old directory

sudo rm -rf phpmyadminold

```



#### 6. Create `/tmp` directory for phpMyAdmin

```shell

sudo mkdir /usr/share/phpmyadmin/tmp

```



#### 7. Change permission to created directory

```shell

sudo chmod -R 777 /usr/share/phpmyadmin/tmp

```



#### 8. Copy config file for `phpMyAdmin`

```shell

sudo cp /usr/share/phpmyadmin/config.sample.inc.php /usr/share/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php 

```



#### 9. Set up `blowfisz_secret` encrypting property

```shell

sudo nano /usr/share/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php

```



Go to line 16 (Press CTRL + SHIFT + -, type `16` and press ENTER) and set up variable (Must be 32 characters long!)

```shell

$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = '11112222333344445555666677778888'; /* YOU MUST FILL IN THIS FOR COOKIE AUTH! */

```



# Apache2 virtualhosts

You need to rename all `domain.com` with yours domain name



#### 1. Create a domain directory

The `-p` flag create a `/websites` folder if you don't have it

```shell

sudo mkdir -p /websites/domain.com

```

 

#### 2. Create a configuration file for a domain

```shell

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/domain.com.conf

```



#### 3. Configure Virtual Host for your website

```shell



    ServerAdmin [email protected]

    ServerName domain.com

    ServerAlias www.domain.com

    

    DocumentRoot /websites/domain.com

    

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

    

    

        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

        AllowOverride All

        Require all granted

    

     

    # SSL certificate, from HTTP to HTTPS

    RewriteEngine on

    RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =domain.com [OR]

    RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =www.domain.com

    RewriteRule ^ https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [END,NE,R=permanent]



```



#### 4. Restart Apache2 server

```shell

sudo systemctl restart apache2

```



#### 5. Enable site using `a2ensite`

```shell

sudo a2ensite domain.com.conf

```



#### 6. Enable `rewrite` module in `a2ensite`

```shell

sudo a2enmod rewrite

```



#### 7. Restart Apache2

```shell

sudo systemctl reload apache2

```



#### 8. Setting up default Virtual Host to works correct

If you want host something on default host (`000-deafult.conf`) - for example: *RoundCube* - you need to set `` tag in this Virtual Host like this:

```shell

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

```



And under `CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined` line you must put this lines

```shell



    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

    AllowOverride All

    Require all granted



```



# Certbot

## Installing Certbot



#### 1. Update and upgrade `apt` package manager

```shell

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

```



#### 2. Install `snapd` package for another package managing

```shell

sudo apt install snapd -y

```



#### 3. Install `core` package using `snap`

```shell

sudo snap install core

```



#### 4. Refresh `core` using `snap`

```shell

sudo snap refresh core

```



#### 5. Install Let'sEncrypt `certbot` using `snap` package

```shell

sudo snap install --classic certbot

```



#### 6. Add symbolic link between snap installation folder and user sharable folder

```shell

sudo ln -s /snap/bin/certbot /usr/bin/certbot

```



## Working with certificates

#### Adding certificate do domain

You need to replace all `domain.com` with your domain name and `[email protected]` with your email address 



***You need to add new certificate for all subdomains!***

```shell

sudo certbot --apache --agree-tos --redirect -m [email protected] -d domain.com -d www.domain.com

```



If this is your first certificate on machine you need to agree wih TOS - type `Y` and press ENTER



# Git

#### 1. Update and upgrade `apt` package manager

```shell

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

```



#### 2. Install Git

```shell

sudo apt install git -y

```



#### 3. Check installation

```shell

sudo git --version

```



# SSH keys

#### 1. Generate SSH key

```shell

sudo ssh-keygen -t rsa

```



#### 2. Get SSH key:

```shell

sudo cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

```



# NodeJS and NPM

#### 1. Add `.deb` package to package manager

Replace `16.x` with wanted version of NodeJS

```shell

curl -s https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_16.x | sudo bash

```



#### 2. Install NodeJS using `apt` package manager

```shell

sudo apt install nodejs -y

```



#### 3. Check installation

```shell

sudo node -v

```



# Angular CLI

#### 1. Install Angular CLI globally using `-g` flag

```shell

sudo npm install -g @angular/cli

```



#### 2. Check installation

```shell

sudo ng version

```



# Python

## Installation

#### 1. Update and upgrade `apt` package manager

```shell

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

```



#### 2. Install required packages

```shell

sudo apt install build-essential zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libgdbm-dev libnss3-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev libffi-dev libsqlite3-dev wget libbz2-dev -y

```



#### 3. Download Python from official website

You can select another version from [here](https://www.python.org/ftp/python/)

```shell

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.0/Python-3.10.0.tgz

```



#### 4. Unzip downloaded package to install 

```shell

sudo tar -xvf Python-3.10.0.tgz

```



#### 5. Enter Python folder

```shell

cd Python-3.10.0

```



#### 6. Run configure script for Python 

```shell

sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations

```



#### 7. Make Python installation

```shell

sudo make -j 2

```



#### 8. Make alt-install for Python

```shell

sudo make altinstall

```



#### 9. Check installation

```shell

sudo python3.10 --version

```



## PIP3

#### 1. Install required packages

```shell

sudo apt install python3-venv python3-pip -y

```



#### 2. Install PIP and automatically upgrade

```shell

sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip

```



## Change default version of Python

#### 1. Update alternatives for Python

You need to change `/usr/local/bin/python3.10` to path to Python version that you want to set as default. 


`1` number is a priority. `1` is the highest.

```shell

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/local/bin/python3.10 1

```



# Other packages

## Sudo

#### 1. Update and upgrade `apt` package manager

```shell

apt update && apt upgrade -y

```



#### 2. Install `sudo` package

```shell

apt install sudo -y

```



## Firefox

#### 1. Update and upgrade `apt` package manager

```shell

apt update && apt upgrade -y

```



#### 2. Install browser using `apt` package manager

```shell

sudo apt install firefox-esr -y

```



## Geckodriver

#### 1. Update and upgrade `apt` package manager

```shell

apt update && apt upgrade -y

```



#### 2. Download `tar` archive with Geckodriver

```shell

wget https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases/download/v0.32.0/geckodriver-v0.32.0-linux64.tar.gz

```



#### 3. Extract archive 

```shell

sudo tar -xvzf geckodriver-v0.32.0-linux64.tar.gz

```



#### 4. Make file executable

```shell

sudo chmod +x geckodriver

```