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https://github.com/fliptheweb/bash-shortcuts-cheat-sheet

Useful shortcuts for bash/zsh
https://github.com/fliptheweb/bash-shortcuts-cheat-sheet

bash cheet-sheet fish shell shortcut zsh

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Useful shortcuts for bash/zsh

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## Useful bash / zsh shortcuts



MacOS iTerm 2 users must turn on meta key — https://coderwall.com/p/_lmivq



Nice visual cheatsheet from the [article](https://clementc.github.io/blog/2018/01/25/moving_cli/): 



![visual cheetsheet](https://github.com/fliptheweb/bash-shortcuts-cheat-sheet/blob/master/moving_cli.png?raw=true)



### Move cursor



Ctrl + a

Go to the beginning of the line (Home)



Ctrl + e

Go to the End of the line (End)



Alt + b

Back (left) one word



Alt + f

Forward (right) one word



Ctrl + f

Forward one character



Ctrl + b

Backward one character



Ctrl + xx

Toggle between the start of line and current cursor position



### Edit



Ctrl + u

Cut the line before the cursor position



Alt + Del

Delete the Word before the cursor



Alt + d

Delete the Word after the cursor



Ctrl + d

Delete character under the cursor



Ctrl + h

Delete character before the cursor (backspace)



Ctrl + w

Cut the Word before the cursor to the clipboard



Ctrl + k

Cut the Line after the cursor to the clipboard



Alt + t

Swap current word with previous



Ctrl + t

Swap the last two characters before the cursor (typo)



Esc + t

Swap the last two words before the cursor.



Ctrl + y

Paste the last thing to be cut (yank)



Alt + u

UPPER capitalize every character from the cursor to the end of the current word.



Alt + l

Lower the case of every character from the cursor to the end of the current word.



Alt + c

Capitalize the character under the cursor and move to the end of the word.



Alt + r

Cancel the changes and put back the line as it was in the history (revert)



Сtrl + _ 

Undo



### History



Ctrl + r

Recall the last command including the specified character(s)(equivalent to : vim ~/.bash_history). 



Ctrl + p

Previous command in history (i.e. walk back through the command history)



Ctrl + n

Next command in history (i.e. walk forward through the command history)



Ctrl + s

Go back to the next most recent command.



Ctrl + o

Execute the command found via Ctrl+r or Ctrl+s



Ctrl + g

Escape from history searching mode



Alt + .

Use the last word of the previous command



### Process control



### Bang(!) - The History Expansion

Bash also has some handy features that use the ! (bang) to allow you to do some funky stuff with bash commands.


General notation is `'![event][:word[:modifier[:modifier]...]]'`.


You may omit word separator `':'`, if the word designator begins with a `'^'`, `'$'`, `'*'`, `'-'`, or `'%'`.


If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the previous command is used as the event.


After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more modifiers, each preceded by a `':'`.



  

    EventsMeaningExample

  

  

    !

    Start a history substitution, except when followed by a space, tab, the end of the line, ‘=’ or ‘(’ (when the extglob shell option is enabled using the shopt builtin).

    




    

  

  

    !n

    Refer to command line n.

    


$ history

1 echo foo bar baz

2 history

$ !1

#Print command that will be saved in history

#+and executed

echo foo bar baz

#Actual execution

foo bar baz



    

  

  

    !-n

    Refer to the command n lines back.

    


$ history

1 echo foo

2 echo bar

3 echo baz

4 history

$ !-3

echo bar

bar



    

  

  

    !!

    Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for ‘!-1’.

    


$ echo foo bar baz

foo bar baz

$ !!

echo foo bar baz

foo bar baz



    

  

  

    !string

    Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list starting with string.

    


$printf '%s\n' foo

foo

$ echo bar

bar

$ !pri

printf '%s\n' foo

foo



    

  

  

    !?string[?]

    Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list containing string. The trailing ‘?’ may be omitted if the string is followed immediately by a newline.

    


$printf '%s\n' foo

foo

$ echo bar

bar

$ !?ntf

printf '%s\n' foo

foo

$ !?bar

echo bar

bar



    

  

  

    ^string1^tring2^

    Quick Substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing string1 with string2. Equivalent to `!!:s/string1/string2`.

    

    For more info, refer to `s/old/new/` in Modifiers section.


$ echo foo

foo

$ ^echo^printf '%s\n'^

printf '%s\n' foo

foo



    

  

  

    !#

    Repeat entire command line before this event.

    


$ echo foo; echo bar; !#echo baz

echo foo; echo bar; echo foo; echo bar; echo baz

foo

bar

foo

bar

baz



    

  

  

    WordsMeaningExample

  

  

    0 (zero)

    The 0th word. For many applications, this is the command word.

    


$ echo foo

foo

$ !:0

echo





    

  

  

    n

    The nth word.

    


$ echo foo bar baz

foo bar baz

$ echo !:2

echo bar

bar



    

  

  

    ^

    The first argument; that is, word 1.

    


$ echo foo bar baz

foo bar baz

$ echo !^

echo foo

foo



    

  

  

    
$


    The last argument.

    


$ echo foo bar baz

foo bar baz

$ echo !$

echo baz

baz



    

  

  

    %

    The word matched by the most recent `?string?` search

    


$ echo foo

foo

$ printf '%s\n' bar

bar

$ !?ch

echo foo

foo

$ !% baz

echo baz

baz

$ !?bar

printf '%s\n' bar

bar

$ echo !%

echo bar

bar



    

  

  

    x-y

    A range of words; `-y` abbreviates `0-y`.

    


$ echo foo bar baz

foo bar baz

$ echo !:2-3

echo bar baz

bar baz

$ !:-1

echo bar

bar



    

  

  

    *

    All of the words, except the 0th. This is a synonym for `1-$`. It is not an error to use `*` if there is just one word in the event - the empty string is returned in that case.

    


$ echo foo bar baz

foo bar baz

$ printf '%s\n' !*

printf '%s\n' foo bar baz

foo

bar

baz



    

  

  

    x*

    Abbreviates `x-$`

    


$ echo foo bar baz

foo bar baz

$ printf '%s\n' !:2*

printf '%s\n' bar baz

bar

baz



    

  

  

    x-

    Abbreviates `x-$` like `x*`, but omits the last word.

    


$ echo foo bar baz

foo bar baz

$ printf '%s\n' !:0-

printf '%s\n' echo foo bar

echo

foo

bar



    

  

  

    ModifiersMeaningExample

  

  

    p

    Print the new command but do not execute it.
Printed command is saved in history, so you can use Ctrl+p to re-enter it in current prompt.

    


$ echo foo bar baz

foo bar baz

$ !:p

#Printed, but not executed

echo foo bar baz

$ !:*:p

foo bar baz



    

  

  

    h

    Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head (Actually, remove all after last `/`, including).

    


$ echo foo /example/path/bar.txt baz

foo /example/path/bar.txt baz

$ !:p:h

echo foo /example/path



    

  

  

    t

    Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail (Actually, remove all before last `/`, including).

    


$ echo foo /example/path/bar.txt baz

foo /example/path/bar.txt baz

$ !:p:t

bar.txt baz



    

  

  

    r

    Remove a trailing suffix of the form `.suffix`, leaving the basename (Actually, remove all after last `.`, including).

    


$ echo foo /example/path/bar.txt baz

foo /example/path/bar.txt baz

$ !:p:r

echo foo /example/path/bar



    

  

  

    e

    Remove all but the trailing suffix (Actually, remove all before last `.`, including).

    


$ echo foo /example/path/bar.txt baz

foo /example/path/bar.txt baz

$ !:p:e

txt baz



    

  

  

    q

    Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.

    


$ echo foo 'bar baz'

foo bar baz

$ !:p:q

'echo foo '\'bar baz'\'''



    

  

  

    x

    Quote the substituted words as with ‘q’, but break into words at spaces, tabs, and newlines.

    


$ echo foo 'bar baz'

foo bar baz

$ !:p:x

'echo' 'foo' ''\'bar' 'baz'\'''



    

  

  

    s/old/new/

    Substitute new for the first occurrence of old in the event line. Any delimiter may be used in place of `/`. The delimiter may be quoted in old and new with a single backslash. If `&` appears in new, it is replaced by old. A single backslash will quote the `&`. The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character on the input line.

    


$ echo foo bar

foo bar

$ !:p:s/foo/baz

echo baz bar



    

  

  

    &

    Repeat the previous substitution.

    


$ echo foo bar

foo bar

$ !:p:s/foo/baz

echo baz bar

$ printf '%s\n' foo

foo

$ !:p:&

printf '%s\n' baz



    

  

  

    g
a

    Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. Used in conjunction with `s`, as in gs/old/new/, or with `&`.

    


$ echo foo bar foo

foo bar foo

$ !:p:gs/foo/baz

echo baz bar baz



    

  

  

    G

    Apply the following ‘s’ modifier once to each word in the event.

    Result is same as in `g` modifier




    

  



## Recent links

* [Bash Shortcuts For Maximum Productivity](http://www.skorks.com/2009/09/bash-shortcuts-for-maximum-productivity/)

* [Syntax Bashkeyboard](http://ss64.com/osx/syntax-bashkeyboard.html)

* [Moving efficiently in the CLI](https://clementc.github.io/blog/2018/01/25/moving_cli/)

* [Bash History Expansion](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/History-Interaction.html)