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https://github.com/foldable-devices/spanning-css-polyfill


https://github.com/foldable-devices/spanning-css-polyfill

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README 

        
CSS Viewport Segments polyfill

===



This is a polyfill for the [proposed](https://drafts.csswg.org/mediaqueries-5/#descdef-media-horizontal-viewport-segments) CSS Viewport Segments.



Web developers targeting foldable devices want to be able to effectively lay out the content in a window that spans multiple displays. CSS Viewport Segments provides a mean to do that using stylesheets.



### The 'horizontal-viewport-segments' and 'horizontal-viewport-segments' CSS media features



A display can consist of virtual segments (Windows Zones, foldable displays) or simply have segments because the display is made up of multiple physical displays like dual screen devices. The 'horizontal-viewport-segments' and 'horizontal-viewport-segments' CSS media features can be used to test whether the browser window is displayed across multiple segments.



![Figure showing 2 foldable devices with different hinge postures](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/foldable-devices/viewportsegments-css-polyfill/master/images/duo-postures.png)



#### Syntax



The 'horizontal-viewport-segments' and 'horizontal-viewport-segments' media feature value represents the number of vertical

or horizontal segments.



Using [CSS viewport segments](https://drafts.csswg.org/css-env-1/#viewport-segments) environment variables you can get informations about each of the segments using the two dimensions.



For more information please look at the following [article](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dual-screen/web/css-viewport-segments) from Microsoft.

#### Example



A map application that presents a map on one window segment and search results on another



![Foldable with the left segment of the window containing a map and the right segment containing list of search results](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/foldable-devices/viewportsegments-css-polyfill/master/images/map-app.svg?sanitize=true)



```css

@media (vertical-viewport-segments: 2) {

  body {

    flex-direction: row;

  }



  .map {

    flex: 1 1 env(viewport-segment-width 0 0);

  }



  .locations-list {

    flex: 1;

  }

}

```



### Viewport Segments CSS Variables



There are 4 pre-defined CSS environment variables, which can be used to calculate each screen segment size at both landscape and portrait orientations.



- **viewport-segment-top [x][y]**

- **viewport-segment-left [x][y]**

- **viewport-segment-bottom [x][y]**

- **viewport-segment-right [x][y]**

- **viewport-segment-width [x][y]**

- **viewport-segment-height [x][y]**



The coordinates are assigned from the top-left segment:



![Diagram explaining how the coordinates work, from top left](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/foldable-devices/viewportsegments-css-polyfill/master/images/env-variables-coordinate-grid.png)



Using these variables you can calculate and layout your content. Here is a diagram to clarify:



![Diagram showing how to calculate the hinge geometry](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/foldable-devices/viewportsegments-css-polyfill/images/env-variables-update.png)



The values of these variables are CSS pixels, and are relative to the layout viewport (i.e. are in the [client coordinates, as defined by CSSOM Views](https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-mouseevent-clientx)).



When evaluated while not in one of non standard viewport segment states (more than one vertical or horizontal segment), these values will be treated as if they don't exist, and use the fallback value as passed to the `env()` function.



How to use the polyfill

===



This polyfill is packaged as a JavaScript module. It is available on NPM over [here](https://www.npmjs.com/package/viewportsegments-css-polyfill). 



To install the polyfill just run:



```bash

npm install --save viewportsegments-css-polyfill

```



Then you can include it in your project:



```html



```



or in your JavaScript source file



```js

import "/path/to/modules/viewportsegments-css-polyfill/viewportsegments-css-polyfill.js";

```



and start using the new CSS features.



- That's it. See the `demo/` directory for examples.



In order to change the display configuration, you can use the polyfill together with an emulator or you can change the settings manually. The settings are stored across sessions.



#### Manually changing the display configuration



You can update values such as `verticalViewportSegments`, `horizontalViewportSegments`, `foldSize` and `browserShellSize` by importing the `FoldablesFeature` object. You can also subscribe to the 'change' event

to be notified whenever the `'verticalViewportSegments'` or `'horizontalViewportSegments'` media query feature or the environment variables change. That can happen due to window resizes or because the configuration values were changed programmatically.



```js

  import { FoldablesFeature } from '/path/to/modules/viewportsegments-css-polyfill/viewportsegments-css-polyfill.js';



  const foldablesFeat = new FoldablesFeature;



  // Add an event listener.

  foldablesFeat.onchange = () => console.log("change");



    // Add as many event listeners as you want.

  foldablesFeat.addEventListener('change', () => console.log("change"));



  // Change a single value; results in one update (one 'change' event firing).

  foldablesFeat.foldSize = 20;



  // Change multiple values by assignment; results in one update.

  Object.assign(foldablesFeat, { foldSize: 50, verticalViewportSegments: "2"});



  // Change multiple values in one scope; results in one update

  (function() { foldablesFeat.foldSize = 100; foldablesFeat.verticalViewportSegments = "2" })();

```



#### Special note on web components and [lit-element](https://lit-element.polymer-project.org/)

In order for the polyfill to work with web components and [lit-element](https://lit-element.polymer-project.org/), a bit of extra work is needed. There are a couple of examples in the `demo/` directory.



The polyfill provides two methods, one to register and one to observe and adjust to updates.



```js

import { adjustCSS, observe } from "viewportsegments-css-polyfill/viewportsegments-css-polyfill.js";

```



In the constructor of your web component make sure to pre-process and make the CSS browser valid by calling the `adjustCSS` method:



```js

let sheet = shadowRoot.querySelector("style");

sheet.innerText = adjustCSS(sheet.innerText, "test-element");

```



Now to make sure the style is updated whenever the configuration changes you need to add in your component class:

```js

  connectedCallback() {

    observe(this);

  }

```

Please note that if connectedCallback() exists on the parent, don't forget to call `super.connectedCallback()`.



For lit-element, a bit of extra work is needed if you're styling your element with the `css` template literal (which is the recommended way).



```js

import { html, css as litCSS, LitElement } from 'https://cdn.pika.dev/lit-element@^2.2.1';

import { adjustCSS, observe } from "viewportsegments-css-polyfill/viewportsegments-css-polyfill.js";



const css = (strings, ...values) => {

  const string = adjustCSS(strings[0], "test-element");

  return litCSS([string], ...values);

};

```



The `observe` method is also needed (see above).



#### Special note for handling of stylesheets manually constructed from CSS rules

If you build your CSS style sheets in JavaScript, the polyfill can't automatically convert your style sheets. However you can do something like this:



```js

import { adjustCSS, observe } from "viewportsegments-css-polyfill/viewportsegments-css-polyfill.js";



const css = sheets => {

  const rule = adjustCSS(sheets[0]);

  return rule ? rule : "* {}"; // Avoid empty rules.

}



sheet.insertRule(css`@media (horizontal-viewport-segments: 2) {

  .div {

    flex: 0 0 env(viewport-segment-height 0 0);

    margin-bottom: calc(env(viewport-segment-top 0 1) - env(viewport-segment-height 0 1));

    background-color: steelblue;

  }

}`, sheet.cssRules.length);

```



Documentation

===

Located [here](https://foldable-devices.github.io/viewportsegments-css-polyfill/global.html).



Demos

===

Head over [here](https://github.com/foldable-devices/demos).



Test suite

===



There are unfortunately no [web-platform-tests](https://github.com/w3c/web-platform-tests/) available yet.



Known issues

===



Check GitHub [here](https://github.com/foldable-devices/viewportsegments-css-polyfill/issues).



Learn more

===



- [Explainer](https://github.com/MicrosoftEdge/MSEdgeExplainers/blob/master/Foldables/explainer.md) - a document explaining how this feature was designed and how it fits together with other APIs.