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https://github.com/garutilorenzo/k8s-oci-cluster

Deploy a Kubernetes cluster for free, with kubeadm and Oracle always free resources.
https://github.com/garutilorenzo/k8s-oci-cluster

automation iac k8s k8s-cluster kubernetes kubernetes-cluster oci oracle oracle-cloud terraform terraform-module

Last synced: 11 days ago
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Deploy a Kubernetes cluster for free, with kubeadm and Oracle always free resources.

Host: GitHub
URL: https://github.com/garutilorenzo/k8s-oci-cluster
Owner: garutilorenzo
License: gpl-3.0
Created: 2022-04-20T09:51:18.000Z (over 2 years ago)
Default Branch: master
Last Pushed: 2023-07-27T12:26:27.000Z (over 1 year ago)
Last Synced: 2024-10-06T01:21:39.631Z (about 1 month ago)
Topics: automation, iac, k8s, k8s-cluster, kubernetes, kubernetes-cluster, oci, oracle, oracle-cloud, terraform, terraform-module
Language: HCL
Homepage:
Size: 170 KB
Stars: 6
Watchers: 2
Forks: 3
Open Issues: 0
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- Funding: .github/FUNDING.yml
- License: LICENSE
- Security: security.tf

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# Deploy Kubernetes on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI)

Deploy a Kubernetes cluster for free, with kubeadm and Oracle [always free](https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/FreeTier/freetier_topic-Always_Free_Resources.htm) resources.

This project is based on the [OCI K3s cluster](https://github.com/garutilorenzo/k3s-oci-cluster) repository. The final result is the same, but in this repo kubeadm is used to install the official Kubernetes release. For more information read [Kubernetes setup](#kubernetes-setup).

# Table of Contents

- [Kubernetes on OCI](#deploy-kubernetes-on-amazon-aws)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Important notes](#important-notes)
- [Requirements](#requirements)
- [Supported OS](#supported-os)
- [Terraform OCI user creation (Optional)](#terraform-oci-user-creation-optional)
- [Example RSA key generation](#example-rsa-key-generation)
- [Project setup](#project-setup)
- [Oracle provider setup](#oracle-provider-setup)
- [Pre flight checklist](#pre-flight-checklist)
- [How to find the availability doamin name](#how-to-find-the-availability-doamin-name)
- [How to list all the OS images](#how-to-list-all-the-os-images)
- [Notes about OCI always free resources](#notes-about-oci-always-free-resources)
- [Infrastructure overview](#infrastructure-overview)
- [Kubernetes setup](#kubernetes-setup)
- [Cluster resource deployed](#cluster-resource-deployed)
- [Nginx ingress controller](#nginx-ingress-controller)
- [Cert-manager](#cert-manager)
- [Deploy](#deploy)
- [Deploy a sample stack](#deploy-a-sample-stack)
- [Clean up](#clean-up)

**Note** choose a region with enough ARM capacity

### Important notes

* This is repo shows only how to use terraform with the Oracle Cloud infrastructure and use only the **always free** resources. This examples are **not** for a production environment.
* At the end of your trial period (30 days). All the paid resources deployed will be stopped/terminated
* At the end of your trial period (30 days), if you have a running compute instance it will be stopped/hibernated

### Requirements

To use this repo you will need:

* an Oracle Cloud account. You can register [here](https://cloud.oracle.com)

Once you get the account, follow the *Before you begin* and *1. Prepare* step in [this](https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/developer-tutorials/tutorials/tf-provider/01-summary.htm) document.

### Supported OS

This module was tested with:

* Ubuntu 22.04 (ubuntu remote user)
* Ubuntu 22.04 Minimal (ubuntu remote user)
* Oracle Linux 8 (opc remote user)

### Terraform OCI user creation (Optional)

Is always recommended to create a separate user and group in your preferred [domain](https://cloud.oracle.com/identity/domains) to use with Terraform.
This user must have less privileges possible (Zero trust policy). Below is an example policy that you can [create](https://cloud.oracle.com/identity/policies) allow `terraform-group` to manage all the resources needed by this module:

```
Allow group terraform-group to manage virtual-network-family in compartment id
Allow group terraform-group to manage instance-family in compartment id
Allow group terraform-group to manage compute-management-family in compartment id
Allow group terraform-group to manage volume-family in compartment id
Allow group terraform-group to manage load-balancers in compartment id
Allow group terraform-group to manage network-load-balancers in compartment id
Allow group terraform-group to manage dynamic-groups in compartment id
Allow group terraform-group to manage policies in compartment id
Allow group terraform-group to manage secret-family in compartment id
Allow group terraform-group to manage key-family in compartment id
Allow group terraform-group to manage secrets in compartment id
Allow group terraform-group to manage vaults in compartment id
```

See [how](#oracle-provider-setup) to find the compartment ocid. The user and the group have to be manually created before using this module.
To create the user go to **Identity & Security -> Users**, then create the group in **Identity & Security -> Groups** and associate the newly created user to the group. The last step is to create the policy in **Identity & Security -> Policies**.

#### Example RSA key generation

To use terraform with the Oracle Cloud infrastructure you need to generate an RSA key. Generate the rsa key with:

```
openssl genrsa -out ~/.oci/-oracle-cloud.pem 4096
chmod 600 ~/.oci/-oracle-cloud.pem
openssl rsa -pubout -in ~/.oci/-oracle-cloud.pem -out ~/.oci/-oracle-cloud_public.pem
```

replace `` with your name or a string you prefer.

**NOTE**: `~/.oci/-oracle-cloud_public.pem` will be used in `terraform.tfvars` by the Oracle provider plugin, so please take note of this string.

### Project setup

Clone this repo and go in the `example/` directory:

```
git clone https://github.com/garutilorenzo/k8s-oci-cluster.git
cd k8s-oci-cluster/example/
```

Now you have to edit the `main.tf` file and you have to create the `terraform.tfvars` file. For more detail see [Oracle provider setup](#oracle-provider-setup) and [Pre flight checklist](#pre-flight-checklist).

Or if you prefer you can create an new empty directory in your workspace and create this three files:

* `terraform.tfvars` - More details in [Oracle provider setup](#oracle-provider-setup)
* `main.tf`
* `provider.tf`

The `main.tf` file will look like:

```
variable "compartment_ocid" {

}

variable "tenancy_ocid" {

}

variable "user_ocid" {

}

variable "fingerprint" {

}

variable "private_key_path" {

}

variable "region" {
default = ""
}

module "k8s_cluster" {
public_key_path = ""
region = var.region
availability_domain = ""
compartment_ocid = var.compartment_ocid
my_public_ip_cidr = ""
environment = "staging"
install_longhorn = true
install_nginx_ingress = true
source = "github.com/garutilorenzo/k8s-oci-cluster"
}

output "k8s_servers_ips" {
value = module.k8s_cluster.k8s_servers_ips
}

output "k8s_workers_ips" {
value = module.k8s_cluster.k8s_workers_ips
}

output "public_lb_ip" {
value = module.k8s_cluster.public_lb_ip
}
```

For all the possible variables see [Pre flight checklist](#pre-flight-checklist)

The `provider.tf` will look like:

```
provider "oci" {
tenancy_ocid = var.tenancy_ocid
user_ocid = var.user_ocid
private_key_path = var.private_key_path
fingerprint = var.fingerprint
region = var.region
}
```

Now we can init terraform with:

```
terraform init

terraform init
Initializing modules...
Downloading git::https://github.com/garutilorenzo/k8s-oci-cluster.git for k8s_cluster...
- k8s_cluster in .terraform/modules/k8s_cluster

Initializing the backend...

Initializing provider plugins...
- Reusing previous version of hashicorp/oci from the dependency lock file
- Reusing previous version of hashicorp/template from the dependency lock file
- Using previously-installed hashicorp/template v2.2.0
- Using previously-installed hashicorp/oci v4.64.0

Terraform has been successfully initialized!

You may now begin working with Terraform. Try running "terraform plan" to see
any changes that are required for your infrastructure. All Terraform commands
should now work.

If you ever set or change modules or backend configuration for Terraform,
rerun this command to reinitialize your working directory. If you forget, other
commands will detect it and remind you to do so if necessary.
```

### Oracle provider setup

In the `example/` directory of this repo you need to create a `terraform.tfvars` file, the file will look like:

```
fingerprint = ""
private_key_path = "~/.oci/-oracle-cloud_public.pem"
user_ocid = ""
tenancy_ocid = ""
compartment_ocid = ""
```

To find your `tenency_ocid` in the Ocacle Cloud console go to: **Governance and Administration > Tenency details**, then copy the OCID.

To find you `user_ocid` in the Ocacle Cloud console go to **User setting** (click on the icon in the top right corner, then click on User settings), click your username and then copy the OCID.

The `compartment_ocid` is the same as `tenency_ocid`.

The fingerprint is the fingerprint of your RSA key, you can find this vale under **User setting > API Keys**.

### Pre flight checklist

Once you have created the terraform.tfvars file edit the `main.tf` file (always in the `example/` directory) and set the following variables:

| Var | Required | Desc |
| ------- | ------- | ----------- |
| `region` | `yes` | set the correct OCI region based on your needs |
| `availability_domain` | `yes` | Set the correct availability domain. See [how](#how-to-find-the-availability-doamin-name) to find the availability domain|
| `compartment_ocid` | `yes` | Set the correct compartment ocid. See [how](#oracle-provider-setup) to find the compartment ocid |
| `my_public_ip_cidr` | `yes` | your public ip in cidr format (Example: 195.102.xxx.xxx/32) |
| `environment` | `yes` | Current work environment (Example: staging/dev/prod). This value is used for tag all the deployed resources |
| `os_image_id` | `yes` | Image id to use. See [how](#how-to-list-all-the-os-images) to list all available OS images |
| `compute_shape` | `no` | Compute shape to use. Default VM.Standard.A1.Flex. **NOTE** Is mandatory to use this compute shape for provision 4 always free VMs |
| `oci_core_vcn_dns_label` | `no` | VCN DNS label. Default: defaultvcn |
| `oci_core_subnet_dns_label10` | `no` | First subnet DNS label. Default: defaultsubnet10 |
| `oci_core_subnet_dns_label11` | `no` | Second subnet DNS label. Default: defaultsubnet11 |
| `oci_core_vcn_cidr` | `no` | VCN CIDR. Default: oci_core_vcn_cidr |
| `oci_core_subnet_cidr10` | `no` | First subnet CIDR. Default: 10.0.0.0/24 |
| `oci_core_subnet_cidr11` | `no` | Second subnet CIDR. Default: 10.0.1.0/24 |
| `oci_identity_dynamic_group_name` | `no` | Dynamic group name. This dynamic group will contains all the instances of this specific compartment. Default: Compute_Dynamic_Group |
| `oci_identity_policy_name` | `no` | Policy name. This policy will allow dynamic group 'oci_identity_dynamic_group_name' to read OCI api without auth. Default: Compute_To_Oci_Api_Policy |
| `k8s_load_balancer_name` | `no` | Internal LB name. Default: k8s internal load balancer |
| `public_load_balancer_name` | `no` | Public LB name. Default: k8s public LB |
| `cluster_name` | `no` | Kubernetes cluster name. Default: kubernetes |
| `k8s_version` | `no` | Kubernetes version to install |
| `k8s_pod_subnet` | `no` | Kubernetes pod subnet managed by the CNI (Flannel). Default: 10.244.0.0/16 |
| `k8s_service_subnet` | `no` | Kubernetes pod service managed by the CNI (Flannel). Default: 10.96.0.0/12 |
| `k8s_dns_domain` | `no` | Internal kubernetes DNS domain. Default: cluster.local |
| `kube_api_port` | `no` | Kube api default port Default: 6443 |
| `public_lb_shape` | `no` | LB shape for the public LB. Default: flexible. **NOTE** is mandatory to use this kind of shape to provision two always free LB (public and private) |
| `http_lb_port` | `no` | http port used by the public LB. Default: 80 |
| `https_lb_port` | `no` | http port used by the public LB. Default: 443 |
| `ingress_controller_http_nodeport` | `no` | HTTP nodeport where nginx ingress controller will listen. Default: 30080 |
| `ingress_controller_https_nodeport` | `no` | HTTPS nodeport where nginx ingress controller will listen. Default 30443 |
| `k8s_server_pool_size` | `no` | Number of k8s servers deployed. Default 1 |
| `k8s_worker_pool_size` | `no` | Number of k8s workers deployed. Default 2 |
| `k8s_extra_worker_node` | `no` | Boolean value, default true. Deploy the third worker nodes. The node will be deployed outside the worker instance pools. Using OCI always free account you can't create instance pools with more than two servers. This workaround solve this problem. |
| `install_nginx_ingress` | `no` | Boolean value, install kubernetes nginx ingress controller. Default: false. |
| `nginx_ingress_release` | `no` | Nginx ingress release to install. Default: v1.5.1|
| `install_longhorn` | `no` | Boolean value, install longhorn "Cloud native distributed block storage for Kubernetes". Default: false |
| `longhorn_release` | `no` | Longhorn release. Default: v1.4.0 |
| `install_certmanager` | `no` | Boolean value, install [cert manager](https://cert-manager.io/) "Cloud native certificate management". Default: true |
| `certmanager_release` | `no` | Cert manager release. Default: v1.11.0 |
| `certmanager_email_address` | `no` | Email address used for signing https certificates. Defaul: [email protected] |
| `expose_kubeapi` | `no` | Boolean value, default false. Expose or not the kubeapi server to the internet. Access is granted only from my_public_ip_cidr for security reasons. |
| `hash_secret_name` | `no` | Secret name where kubernetes hash is stored |
| `token_secret_name` | `no` | Secret name where kubernetes token is stored |
| `cert_secret_name` | `no` | Secret name where kubernetes cert is stored |
| `kubeconfig_secret_name | `no` | Secret name where kubernetes kubeconfig is stored |
| `public_key_path` | `no` | Path to your public ssh key (Default: "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub) |

#### How to find the availability doamin name

To find the list of the availability domains run this command on che Cloud Shell:

```
oci iam availability-domain list
{
"data": [
{
"compartment-id": "",
"id": "ocid1.availabilitydomain.oc1..xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
"name": "iAdc:EU-ZURICH-1-AD-1"
}
]
}
```

#### How to list all the OS images

To filter the OS images by shape and OS run this command on che Cloud Shell. You can filter by OS: Canonical Ubuntu or Oracle Linux:

```
oci compute image list --compartment-id --operating-system "Canonical Ubuntu" --shape "VM.Standard.A1.Flex"
{
"data": [
{
"agent-features": null,
"base-image-id": null,
"billable-size-in-gbs": 2,
"compartment-id": null,
"create-image-allowed": true,
"defined-tags": {},
"display-name": "Canonical-Ubuntu-20.04-aarch64-2022.01.18-0",
"freeform-tags": {},
"id": "ocid1.image.oc1.eu-zurich-1.aaaaaaaag2uyozo7266bmg26j5ixvi42jhaujso2pddpsigtib6vfnqy5f6q",
"launch-mode": "NATIVE",
"launch-options": {
"boot-volume-type": "PARAVIRTUALIZED",
"firmware": "UEFI_64",
"is-consistent-volume-naming-enabled": true,
"is-pv-encryption-in-transit-enabled": true,
"network-type": "PARAVIRTUALIZED",
"remote-data-volume-type": "PARAVIRTUALIZED"
},
"lifecycle-state": "AVAILABLE",
"listing-type": null,
"operating-system": "Canonical Ubuntu",
"operating-system-version": "20.04",
"size-in-mbs": 47694,
"time-created": "2022-01-27T22:53:34.270000+00:00"
},
```

**Note:** this setup was tested with Ubuntu 22.04 and Oracle Linux 8

## Notes about OCI always free resources

In order to get the maximum resources available within the oracle always free tier and to get the k8s cluster in HA `k8s_server_pool_size` is set to 1 (single master node) and `k8s_worker_pool_size` is set to 2.
With the latest release was introduced the new variable `k8s_extra_worker_node`. With this variable set to `true` (Default) a third worker node will be added.
In previous releases the master nodws where two, but this didn't guarantee the HA of the cluster.

In this setup we use two LB, one internal LB (Layer 7) and one public LB (Layer 4). In order to use two LB using the always free resources, one lb must be a [network load balancer](https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/NetworkLoadBalancer/introducton.htm#Overview) an the other must be a [load balancer](https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/Balance/Concepts/balanceoverview.htm). The public LB **must** use the `flexible` shape (`public_lb_shape` variable).

## Infrastructure overview

The final infrastructure will be made by:

* two instance pool:
* one instance pool for the server nodes named `k8s-servers`
* one instance pool for the worker nodes named `k8s-workers`
* one internal load balancer that will route traffic to k8s servers
* one external load balancer that will route traffic to k8s workers

The other resources created by terraform are:

* two instance configurations (one for the servers and one for the workers) used by the instance pools
* one vcn
* two public subnets
* two security list
* one dynamic group
* one identity policy

## Kubernetes setup

The installation of K8s id done by [kubeadm](https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/). In this installation [Containerd](https://containerd.io/) is used as CRI and [flannel](https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel) is used as CNI.

You can optionally install [Nginx ingress controller](https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/) and [Longhorn](#https://longhorn.io/).

This modules uses OCI vault secrets to store join certificates.

## Cluster resource deployed

You can optionally install [longhorn](https://longhorn.io/). Longhorn is a *Cloud native distributed block storage for Kubernetes*. To enable the longhorn deployment set `install_longhorn` variable to `true`.

**NOTE** to use longhorn set the `k8s_version` < `v1.25.x` [Ref.](https://github.com/longhorn/longhorn/issues/4003)

### Nginx ingress controller

You can optionally install [Nginx ingress controller](https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/) To enable the longhorn deployment set `install_nginx_ingress` variable to `true`.

The installation is the [bare metal](https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/deploy/#bare-metal-clusters) installation, the ingress controller then is exposed via a NodePort Service.

```yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx-controller-loadbalancer
namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
selector:
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
nodePort: ${ingress_controller_http_nodeport}
- name: https
port: 443
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 443
nodePort: ${ingress_controller_https_nodeport}
type: NodePort
```

To get the real ip address of the clients using a public L4 load balancer we need to use the proxy protocol feature of nginx ingress controller:

```yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
data:
allow-snippet-annotations: "true"
enable-real-ip: "true"
proxy-real-ip-cidr: "0.0.0.0/0"
proxy-body-size: "20m"
use-proxy-protocol: "true"
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: ${nginx_ingress_release}
name: ingress-nginx-controller
namespace: ingress-nginx
```

**NOTE** to use nginx ingress controller with the proxy protocol enabled, an external nginx instance is used as proxy (since OCI LB doesn't support proxy protocol at the moment). Nginx will be installed on each worker node and the configuation of nginx will:

* listen in proxy protocol mode
* forward the traffic from port `80` to `extlb_listener_http_port` (default to `30080`) on any server of the cluster
* forward the traffic from port `443` to `extlb_listener_https_port` (default to `30443`) on any server of the cluster

This is the final result:

Client -> Public L4 LB -> nginx proxy (with proxy protocol enabled) -> nginx ingress (with proxy protocol enabled) -> k3s service -> pod(s)

### Cert-manager

[cert-manager](https://cert-manager.io/docs/) is used to issue certificates from a variety of supported source. To use cert-manager take a look at [nginx-ingress-cert-manager.yml](https://github.com/garutilorenzo/k3s-oci-cluster/blob/master/deployments/nginx/nginx-ingress-cert-manager.yml) and [nginx-configmap-cert-manager.yml](https://github.com/garutilorenzo/k3s-oci-cluster/blob/master/deployments/nginx/nginx-configmap-cert-manager.yml) example. To use cert-manager and get the certificate you **need** set on your DNS configuration the public ip address of the load balancer.

## Deploy

We are now ready to deploy our infrastructure. First we ask terraform to plan the execution with:

```
terraform plan

...
...
# module.k8s_cluster.oci_vault_secret.kubeconfig_secret_name will be created
+ resource "oci_vault_secret" "kubeconfig_secret_name" {
+ compartment_id = "ocid1.tenancy.oc1..aaaaaaaacuobj3enmdjf3j7heb3vwr2iqtcb266xlkczo3ifxubiuep6fvpq"
+ current_version_number = (known after apply)
+ defined_tags = (known after apply)
+ description = "Kubeconfig hash"
+ freeform_tags = {
+ "application" = "k8s"
+ "environment" = "staging"
+ "k3s_cluster_name" = "kubernetes"
+ "provisioner" = "terraform"
+ "terraform_module" = "https://github.com/garutilorenzo/k8s-oci-cluster"
}
+ id = (known after apply)
+ key_id = "ocid1.key.oc1.eu-zurich-1.c5r5vcceaaanu.ab5heljr74iutguojeaogcb5or5kqb3q6uxs2njuua5fkr6nlhlh67uukrbq"
+ lifecycle_details = (known after apply)
+ metadata = (known after apply)
+ secret_name = "k8s-hash-staging"
+ state = (known after apply)
+ time_created = (known after apply)
+ time_of_current_version_expiry = (known after apply)
+ time_of_deletion = (known after apply)
+ vault_id = "ocid1.vault.oc1.eu-zurich-1.c5r5vcceaaanu.ab5heljr6pnyytb2bn7fdfacyo2eses7mcgbnv7wqhvwcckjjfvekn2tmefq"

+ secret_content {
+ content = "ZW1wdHkga3ViZWNvbmZpZyBzZWNyZXQ="
+ content_type = "BASE64"
+ name = (known after apply)
+ stage = (known after apply)
}

+ secret_rules {
+ is_enforced_on_deleted_secret_versions = (known after apply)
+ is_secret_content_retrieval_blocked_on_expiry = (known after apply)
+ rule_type = (known after apply)
+ secret_version_expiry_interval = (known after apply)
+ time_of_absolute_expiry = (known after apply)
}
}

# module.k8s_cluster.oci_vault_secret.token_secret will be updated in-place
~ resource "oci_vault_secret" "token_secret" {
id = "ocid1.vaultsecret.oc1.eu-zurich-1.amaaaaaa5kjm7pyaob2ryqa5q4awwgkugs2it37pjmnlj7ldd6kr2ssqubpa"
# (11 unchanged attributes hidden)

+ secret_content {
+ content = "ZW1wdHkgdG9rZW4gc2VjcmV0"
+ content_type = "BASE64"
}

# (1 unchanged block hidden)
}

Plan: 41 to add, 3 to change, 0 to destroy.

Changes to Outputs:
+ k8s_servers_ips = [
+ (known after apply),
]
+ k8s_workers_ips = [
+ (known after apply),
+ (known after apply),
]
+ public_lb_ip = (known after apply)

Note: You didn't use the -out option to save this plan, so Terraform can't guarantee to take exactly these actions if you run "terraform apply" now.
```

now we can deploy our resources with:

```
terraform apply

...
...

Plan: 41 to add, 3 to change, 0 to destroy.

Changes to Outputs:
+ k8s_servers_ips = [
+ (known after apply),
]
+ k8s_workers_ips = [
+ (known after apply),
+ (known after apply),
]
+ public_lb_ip = (known after apply)

Do you want to perform these actions?
Terraform will perform the actions described above.
Only 'yes' will be accepted to approve.

Enter a value: yes

...
...

module.k8s_cluster.oci_network_load_balancer_backend.k8s_http_backend_extra_node[0]: Still creating... [1m40s elapsed]
module.k8s_cluster.oci_network_load_balancer_backend.k8s_https_backend_extra_node[0]: Still creating... [1m40s elapsed]
module.k8s_cluster.oci_network_load_balancer_backend.k8s_http_backend_extra_node[0]: Still creating... [1m50s elapsed]
module.k8s_cluster.oci_network_load_balancer_backend.k8s_https_backend_extra_node[0]: Still creating... [1m50s elapsed]
module.k8s_cluster.oci_network_load_balancer_backend.k8s_https_backend_extra_node[0]: Still creating... [2m0s elapsed]
module.k8s_cluster.oci_network_load_balancer_backend.k8s_http_backend_extra_node[0]: Still creating... [2m0s elapsed]
module.k8s_cluster.oci_network_load_balancer_backend.k8s_https_backend_extra_node[0]: Creation complete after 2m8s [id=networkLoadBalancers/ocid1.networkloadbalancer.oc1.eu-zurich-1.xxxxxx/backendSets/k8s_https_backend/backends/ocid1.instance.oc1.eu-zurich-1.xxxxxx:443]
module.k8s_cluster.oci_network_load_balancer_backend.k8s_http_backend_extra_node[0]: Still creating... [2m10s elapsed]
module.k8s_cluster.oci_network_load_balancer_backend.k8s_http_backend_extra_node[0]: Still creating... [2m20s elapsed]
module.k8s_cluster.oci_network_load_balancer_backend.k8s_http_backend_extra_node[0]: Still creating... [2m30s elapsed]
module.k8s_cluster.oci_network_load_balancer_backend.k8s_http_backend_extra_node[0]: Creation complete after 2m34s [id=networkLoadBalancers/ocid1.networkloadbalancer.oc1.eu-zurich-1.xxxxxx/backendSets/k8s_http_backend/backends/ocid1.instance.oc1.eu-zurich-1.xxxxxx:80]

Apply complete! Resources: 41 added, 3 changed, 0 destroyed.

Outputs:

k8s_servers_ips = [
"140.x.x.x",
]
k8s_workers_ips = [
"140.x.x.x",
"152.x.x.x",
]
public_lb_ip = tolist([
{
"ip_address" = "152.x.x.x"
"ip_version" = "IPV4"
"is_public" = true
"reserved_ip" = tolist([])
},
{
"ip_address" = "10.x.x.x"
"ip_version" = "IPV4"
"is_public" = false
"reserved_ip" = tolist([])
},
])
```

Now on one master node you can check the status of the cluster with:

```
ssh 152.X.X.X -lubuntu

ubuntu@inst-ctrpq-k8s-servers:~$ sudo su -
root@inst-ctrpq-k8s-servers:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
inst-4iekh-k8s-workers Ready 3m37s v1.23.5
inst-ctrpq-k8s-servers Ready control-plane,master 4m33s v1.23.5
inst-gasrn-k8s-workers Ready 3m40s v1.23.5
inst-ned7t-k8s-servers Ready control-plane,master 5m45s v1.23.5
```

#### Public LB check

We can now test the public load balancer, nginx ingress controller and the security list ingress rules. On your local PC run:

```
curl -v http://PUBLIC_LB_IP
* Trying PUBLIC_LB_IP:80...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to PUBLIC_LB_IP (PUBLIC_LB_IP) port 80 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: PUBLIC_LB_IP
> User-Agent: curl/7.68.0
> Accept: */*
>
* Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
< HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
< Date: Sat, 04 Feb 2023 11:06:30 GMT
< Content-Type: text/html
< Content-Length: 146
< Connection: keep-alive
<

404 Not Found

nginx

* Connection #0 to host PUBLIC_LB_IP left intact
```

*404* is a correct response since the cluster is empty. We can test also the https listener/backends:

```
curl -k -v https://PUBLIC_LB_IP
* Trying PUBLIC_LB_IP:443...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to PUBLIC_LB_IP (PUBLIC_LB_IP) port 443 (#0)
* ALPN, offering h2
* ALPN, offering http/1.1
* successfully set certificate verify locations:
* CAfile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
CApath: /etc/ssl/certs
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Encrypted Extensions (8):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, CERT verify (15):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Change cipher spec (1):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* SSL connection using TLSv1.3 / TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
* ALPN, server accepted to use h2
* Server certificate:
* subject: O=Acme Co; CN=Kubernetes Ingress Controller Fake Certificate
* start date: Feb 3 09:26:14 2023 GMT
* expire date: Feb 3 09:26:14 2024 GMT
* issuer: O=Acme Co; CN=Kubernetes Ingress Controller Fake Certificate
* SSL certificate verify result: unable to get local issuer certificate (20), continuing anyway.
* Using HTTP2, server supports multi-use
* Connection state changed (HTTP/2 confirmed)
* Copying HTTP/2 data in stream buffer to connection buffer after upgrade: len=0
* Using Stream ID: 1 (easy handle 0x5566c6bfa2f0)
> GET / HTTP/2
> Host: PUBLIC_LB_IP
> user-agent: curl/7.68.0
> accept: */*
>
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Newsession Ticket (4):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Newsession Ticket (4):
* old SSL session ID is stale, removing
* Connection state changed (MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS == 128)!
< HTTP/2 404
< date: Sat, 04 Feb 2023 11:07:06 GMT
< content-type: text/html
< content-length: 146
< strict-transport-security: max-age=15724800; includeSubDomains
<

404 Not Found

nginx

* Connection #0 to host PUBLIC_LB_IP left intact
```

#### Longhorn check

To check if longhorn was successfully installed run on one master nodes:

```
root@inst-ctrpq-k8s-servers:~# kubectl get ns
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 7m2s
ingress-nginx Active 3m24s
kube-node-lease Active 7m4s
kube-public Active 7m4s
kube-system Active 7m4s
longhorn-system Active 3m22s <- longhorn namespace

root@inst-ctrpq-k8s-servers:~#
NAME
csi-attacher-6454556647-2rjmz
csi-attacher-6454556647-6cmbp
csi-attacher-6454556647-dpt8x
csi-provisioner-869bdc4b79-25qgq
csi-provisioner-869bdc4b79-6cpws
csi-provisioner-869bdc4b79-8rbd2
csi-resizer-6d8cf5f99f-g7p89
csi-resizer-6d8cf5f99f-kjr7l
csi-resizer-6d8cf5f99f-wffrt
csi-snapshotter-588457fcdf-lt5g2
csi-snapshotter-588457fcdf-rwzkr
csi-snapshotter-588457fcdf-sqpnf
engine-image-ei-fa2dfbf0-4c92z
engine-image-ei-fa2dfbf0-5lg9g
engine-image-ei-fa2dfbf0-85qw7
engine-image-ei-fa2dfbf0-pvdb4
instance-manager-e-0875a5db
instance-manager-e-2de68cb1
instance-manager-e-dc60e8b8
instance-manager-e-eafd289e
instance-manager-r-1b69bd4c
instance-manager-r-2b769288
instance-manager-r-c540059f
instance-manager-r-d17351ca
longhorn-csi-plugin-hft24
longhorn-csi-plugin-ljcfp
longhorn-csi-plugin-s5ww2
longhorn-csi-plugin-s77qm
longhorn-driver-deployer-7dddcdd5bb-8pjjm
longhorn-manager-7rfwc
longhorn-manager-gmn9n
longhorn-manager-k9kms
longhorn-manager-zt5dw
longhorn-ui-7648d6cd69-2llgx
``` kubectl get pods -n longhorn-system READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE 1/1 Running 0 2m53s 1/1 Running 0 2m53s 1/1 Running 0 2m53s 1/1 Running 0 2m52s 1/1 Running 0 2m52s 1/1 Running 0 2m52s 1/1 Running 0 2m51s 1/1 Running 0 2m51s 1/1 Running 0 2m51s 1/1 Running 0 2m47s 1/1 Running 0 2m47s 1/1 Running 0 2m49s 1/1 Running 0 3m11s 1/1 Running 0 3m11s 1/1 Running 0 3m11s 1/1 Running 0 3m11s 1/1 Running 0 3m2s 1/1 Running 0 3m8s 1/1 Running 0 2m53s 1/1 Running 0 3m11s 1/1 Running 0 3m2s 1/1 Running 0 3m7s 1/1 Running 0 2m53s 1/1 Running 0 3m10s 2/2 Running 0 2m45s 2/2 Running 0 2m45s 2/2 Running 0 2m45s 2/2 Running 0 2m46s 1/1 Running 0 3m41s 1/1 Running 0 3m39s 1/1 Running 1 (3m13s ago) 3m39s 1/1 Running 1 (3m13s ago) 3m42s 1/1 Running 1 (3m13s ago) 3m42s 1/1 Running 0 3m42s

## Deploy a sample stack

Finally to test all the components of the cluster we can deploy a sample stack. The stack is composed by the following components:

* MariaDB
* Nginx
* Wordpress

Each component is made by: one deployment and one service.
Wordpress and nginx share the same persistent volume (ReadWriteMany with longhorn storage class). The nginx configuration is stored in four ConfigMaps and the nginx service is exposed by the nginx ingress controller.

Deploy the resources with:

```
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/garutilorenzo/k8s-oci-cluster/master/deployments/mariadb/all-resources.yml
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/garutilorenzo/k8s-oci-cluster/master/deployments/nginx/all-resources.yml
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/garutilorenzo/k8s-oci-cluster/master/deployments/wordpress/all-resources.yml
```

and check the status:

```
kubectl get deployments
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
mariadb 1/1 1 1 92m
nginx 1/1 1 1 79m
wordpress 1/1 1 1 91m

kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.43.0.1 443/TCP 5h8m
mariadb-svc ClusterIP 10.43.184.188 3306/TCP 92m
nginx-svc ClusterIP 10.43.9.202 80/TCP 80m
wordpress-svc ClusterIP 10.43.242.26 9000/TCP 91m
```

Now you are ready to setup WP, open the LB public ip and follow the wizard. **NOTE** nginx and the Kubernetes Ingress rule are configured without virthual host/server name.

To clean the deployed resources:

```
kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/garutilorenzo/k3s-oci-cluster/master/deployments/mariadb/all-resources.yml
kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/garutilorenzo/k3s-oci-cluster/master/deployments/nginx/all-resources.yml
kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/garutilorenzo/k3s-oci-cluster/master/deployments/wordpress/all-resources.yml
```

## Clean up

```
terraform destroy
```