https://github.com/genaker/lorasa
Portable low-cost spectrum analyzer Drone detector and radio signal direction finding using ESP32 LoRa and different SDRs
https://github.com/genaker/lorasa
Last synced: 8 months ago
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Portable low-cost spectrum analyzer Drone detector and radio signal direction finding using ESP32 LoRa and different SDRs
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/genaker/lorasa
- Owner: Genaker
- License: gpl-3.0
- Created: 2024-07-22T23:17:02.000Z (almost 2 years ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2025-09-30T01:31:09.000Z (9 months ago)
- Last Synced: 2025-10-09T23:23:30.694Z (8 months ago)
- Language: C++
- Homepage:
- Size: 751 KB
- Stars: 20
- Watchers: 19
- Forks: 1
- Open Issues: 23
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- License: LICENSE.md
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README
# Lora SA(Spectrum Analyzer)
## Index
- [Supported boards](#supported-boards)
- [RF Spectrum Analyzer using Lora Radio](#rf-spectrum-analyzer-using-lora-radio)
- [Features](#features)
- [Multiple Ranges Scan](#multiple-ranges-scan)
- [Waterfall](#waterfall)
- [RSSI Method of scan](#rssi-method-of-scan)
- [Multi Screen Scan](#multi-screen-scan)
- [Mute Audio Notifications](#mute-audio-notifications)
- [Pause Execution](#pause-execution)
- [VSCode Platform.IO development env installation](#vscode-platformio-development-env-installation)
- [Hardware](#hardware)
- [3D printed case](#3d-printed-case)
- [Heltec ESP32 Lora v3 Pin Map](#heltec-esp32-lora-v3-pin-map)
- [Analog FPV OSD (ON SCREEN DISPLAY) using DFRobot OSD](#analog-fpv-osd-on-screen-display-using-dfrobot-osd)
- [Joystick Wiring](#joystick-wiring)
- [Buzzer/Beeper Wiring](#buzzerbeeper-wiring)
- [Select Board to build](#select-board-to-build)
- [WiFi and Bluetooth BT Scanning](#wifi-and-bluetooth-bt-scanning)
- [Communication via Serial USB](#communication-via-serial-usb)
- [Web app](#web-app)
- [Send Scan Data via Lora](#send-scan-data-via-lora)
- [Seek on Jam / FPV OSD using Flight controller](#seek-on-jam-fpv-osd-using-flight-controller)
- [Platformio targets](#platformio-targets)
## Supported boards:
### Heltec Automation:
- Heltec Lora V3 128 x 64 OLED
- Heltec Wireless Stick V3 64 x 32 (Not tested)
- Heltec Wireless Stick Lite V3 No Display (Not Tested)
- Heltec Vision Master E290 - e-Ink 296 x 128 (No OSD)
- Heltec Vision Master T190 - color TFT 320X170 (No OSD)
### LilyGo:
- LilyGo Radio Lora T3S3 V.2 SX1262
- LilyGo Radio Lora T3S3 V.2 SX1280
- LilyGo Radio Lora T3S3 V.2 LR1121
- LilyGo Radio Lora T3_V1.6.1 SX1276 (Not Tested)
## RF Spectrum Analyzer using Lora Radio
Based on RadioLib SX126x Spectrum Scan.
Perform a spectrum power scan using SX126x.
The output is in the form of scan lines; each line has 33 power bins.
The first power bin corresponds to -11 dBm, the second to -15 dBm, and so on.
The higher number of samples in a bin corresponds to more power received
at that level.
Click to expand to show BIN <> dBm mapping
```text
N in Bin / dBm
(0)1 -11
2 -15
3 -19
4 -23
5 -27
6 -31
7 -35
8 -39
9 -43
10 -47
11 -51
12 -55
13 -59
14 -63
15 -67
16 -71
17 -75
18 -79
19 -83
20 -87
21 -91
22 -95
23 -99
24 -103
25 -107
26 -111
27 -115
28 -119
29 -123
30 -127
31 -131
32 -135
33 -139
```
Example:
```text
step-13 Frequency:816.25
Power Bins: 0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0400, 0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0006,001B,000E,0005,0006,0002,0000
```
The spectrum analyzer performs power measurements in the configured bandwidth.
The X-axis represents frequency in MHz, and the Y-axis displays actually received power.
In the example above, the frequency span goes from 850 MHz to 950 MHz (that is a 100MHz range), and
the visual amplitude goes from -11 dBm to -110(-139) according to the datasheet (High sensitivity: down to -148dBm) dBm.
To show the results in a plot, run the Python script
RadioLib/extras/SX126x_Spectrum_Scan/SpectrumScan.py
## Features
### Multiple Ranges Scan
Disabled By Default
```c
// Feature to scan diapazones. Other frequency settings will be ignored.
int SCAN_DIAPAZONES[] = {};
//int SCAN_DIAPAZONES[] = {850890, 920950};
```
To Enable Add/ uncomment an array of the frequencies
```c
int SCAN_DIAPAZONES[] = {850890, 920950};
```
where 850890 stands for 950-890Mhz range
920950 - 920-890Mhz
Other settings will be ignored if **Multiple Ranges Scan** is enabled.
### Waterfall
Waterfall showed only on One Page Scan
to disable - uncomment this line
```c
#define WATERFALL_ENABLED true
```
Waterfall shows the last **N** = SCREEN_HEIGHT (64) - WATERFALL_START(37) - 8 (part of the ROW_STATUS_TEXT) = **19** signal detection that exceeded set signal level
### RSSI Method of scan
By default, we are using the spectralScan method of the RadioLib Library:
This method works only with Sx1262 modules.
We implemented a scan using the **getRSSI** method, which has more flexibility and supports sx1276 and other modules.
Using this method, we also receive the signal's **dB** values, not just the O-33 number.
To enable this method, set the value of the **RSSI_METHOD** to true.
### Multi Screen Scan
Single screen scan for now has **RANGE / 128** resolution.
Multi-page scan can be adjusted to how many MHz per page you want to scan
```c
// frequency range in MHz to scan
#define FREQ_BEGIN 850
// TODO: if % RANGE_PER_PAGE != 0
#define FREQ_END 950
// Feature to scan diapazones. Other frequency settings will be ignored.
int SCAN_DIAPAZONES[] = {};
// int SCAN_DIAPAZONES[] = {850890, 920950};
// MHZ per page
//To put everything into one page set RANGE_PER_PAGE = FREQ_END - 800
unsigned int RANGE_PER_PAGE = FREQ_END - FREQ_BEGIN; // FREQ_END - FREQ_BEGIN
//To Enable Multi Screen scan
// unsigned int RANGE_PER_PAGE = 50;
// Default Range on Menu Button Switch
#define DEFAULT_RANGE_PER_PAGE = 50;
```
To enable Multi-page by default set **RANGE_PER_PAGE** less than **FREQ_END - FREQ_BEGIN**;
Switch to multi-page during regular One Screen application run. Restart the ESP32 on screen after the logo press the P button.
### Mute Audio Notifications
Restart ESP32, and on the logo display, press the P button.
### Pause Execution
Press P for more than 2 seconds. Execution will pause, and the scan's current Mhz position will be shown on the display.
If less, ESP32 will turn off. Fast pressing(less than 0.5 second) P button changes the notification level
## VSCode Platform.IO development env installation
1. Install VSCode
2. install Platform.IO extension
3. Connect ESP32 to USB. Install USB CP2101 drivers for Windows or other OS
https://docs.heltec.org/general/establish_serial_connection.html#for-windows
https://www.silabs.com/developers/usb-to-uart-bridge-vcp-drivers?tab=downloads
## NOTE: MACOS Heltec USB driver
https://www.silabs.com/developers/usb-to-uart-bridge-vcp-drivers?tab=downloads
I used legacy driver
5. Clone this Git Repo or download zip of the sources
```bash
git clone https://github.com/Genaker/LoraSA.git
```
NOTE: in your case name will be just LoraSA. I have LoraSA2 because I already have LoraSA folder
6. Open the Project with the VS code Platform.IO
7. Select Proper Environment
---
>**Important note:** If using a Heltec V3 board, make sure your ESP32 Expressif catalog is up to date before selecting environment, otherwise might get a build time error such as: `Error: Unknown board ID 'heltec_wifi_lora_32_V3'` when trying to select the environment.
>
>Open a PlatformIO CLI: https://docs.platformio.org/en/latest/integration/ide/vscode.html#platformio-core-cli
>
>Run: `pio pkg update -g -p espressif32`
8. Select ESP32 USB Device to program
Note: It is theoretically possible to program via WiFi and BTH.
9. Program your ESP32
10. Wait until you are done with the compilation and upload.
Usually takes 1 minute. The first run is slower. It needs to compile all libraries.
You will have the UCOG SA logo and spectrum analyzing scanning screen when done.
## Hardware
- Heltec ESP32 Lora V3:
- [Amazon](https://www.amazon.com/Heltec-Development-863-870MHz-ESP32-S3FN8-902-928MHz/dp/B0D1H1FN9Y/)
- [Heltec](https://heltec.org/project/wifi-lora-32-v3/)
- [AliExpress](https://www.aliexpress.us/item/3256807037422978.html)
- Heltec Wireless Stick. The same hardware but without or with a smaller display
- [Heltec: Wireless Stick V3](https://heltec.org/project/wireless-stick-v3/)
- [Heltec: Wireless Stick Lite V3](https://heltec.org/project/wireless-stick-lite-v2/)
- Heltec Vision Master E290 - With large e-ink display 293x128:
- [Heltec](https://heltec.org/project/vision-master-e290/)
- [AliExpress](https://www.aliexpress.us/item/3256807048047234.html)
- Heltec Vision Master T190 - With large color TFT 320x170 display:
- [Heltec](https://heltec.org/project/vision-master-t190/)
- [AliExpress](https://www.aliexpress.us/item/1005007760785910.html)
**NOTE: to upload a new code, you need to press BOOT + RESET button**
Battery with Wire JT connector :
## 3D printed case
or buy :
## Heltec ESP32 Lora v3 Pin Map
We are using pin 41 as a Buzzer trigger. Connect buzzer + leg with pin 41 and - leg with the ground (GND). You can change the buzzer pin in the code.
## Analog FPV OSD (ON SCREEN DISPLAY) using DFRobot OSD:
To Enable OSD, Uncomment these lines
Click to expand to show how to set up OSD for DFrobot board
```cpp
// #define OSD_ENABLED true
```
**OSD sidebar enabled/disable**
comment or uncomment this line
```cpp
#define OSD_SIDE_BAR true
```
Or you can set this and other variables as a build parameter:
```
build_flags =
-DOSD_ENABLED
```
#### DFRobot OSD Wiring
**Heltec V3 -> DFRobot OSD**
GND -> GND
3V3 -> 3V3
26 -> SCK
34 ->MOSI
33 ->MISO
47 -> D3
More photos you can see there:
https://github.com/Genaker/LoraSA/issues/11
#### Camera to DF robot Wiring
**Camera -> DFRobotOSD**
Video out -> In
GND -> GND
3v3 -> 3V3 Heltec or some 3v on FPV
#### DFRobot to Drone or VTX(video transmitter)
**DF Robot -> VTX or**
Video Out - Video IN
```
// SPI pins
#define OSD_CS 47
#define OSD_MISO 33
#define OSD_MOSI 34
#define OSD_SCK 26
```
FOR LYLIGO board
```
#define OSD_SCK 38
#define OSD_CS 39
#define OSD_MISO 40
#define OSD_MOSI 41
```
## Joystick Wiring
https://www.aliexpress.us/item/2251832815289133.html
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00P7QBGD2
**Joystick -> Heltec V3**
SW -> 46
VRX -> 19
VRY -> X has not been implemented yet
+5v -> 5V
GND -> GND
## Buzzer/Beeper Wiring
TMB12A03 - in my case. Low voltage is better.
**Buzzer -> Heltec V3**
(+) -> 41
GND (another) -> GND
## Select Board to build
Select Visual Code environment:
Edit **platformio.ini** uncommenting/selecting your sources
Heltec boards: no need to change anything, but for T190 and E290 you need to change the src_dir to tft_src or eink_src respectively.
```
[platformio]
; for env:vision-master-e190
; src_dir = tft_src
; for env:vision-master-e290
; src_dir = eink_src
; for env:heltec_wifi_lora_32_V3
; src_dir = src ;;Default
```
for LilyGo use env:heltec_wifi_lora_32_V3
## WiFi and Bluetooth BT Scanning
Works only with OSD enabled
Uncomment this lines
```
// #define OSD_ENABLED true
// #define WIFI_SCANNING_ENABLED true
// #define BT_SCANNING_ENABLED true
```
## Communication via Serial USB:
You can receive RAW frequency data from the ESP32 by sending the serial command **Scan -1 -1**. Other parameters are also available.
Also, you can use ASCII_SA.py to read data from serial and represent as an ASCII character chart on your device.
Install **pyserial**:
```
pip3 install pyserial
```
Run:
```
python3 ASCII_SA.py
```
or with parameters to set input
```
python3 ASCII_SA.py --resolution 1 --threshold -110 --db-per-hash 5 --no-color --no-debug
```
Output:
## Web app
We also have a web app interface to output ESP Lora data via USB/Serial
Go to the website (https://lora-sa.pages.dev/), click connect and select a device:
Known issue: doesn't work on mobile ;(
https://lora-sa.pages.dev/
|  | 
|
|---|---|
## Send Scan Data via Lora
Enable feature:
```
# /lib/config/config.h
listen_on_usb(String("readline")), rx_lora(NULL), tx_lora(NULL),
// Enable Lora Send:
// rx_lora(configureLora("freq:920")),tx_lora(configureLora("freq:916"))
is_host(false)
```
is_host(false) - for host receiver or can be set via Serial command ***SET is_host true***
The Host automatically outputs data to serial that can be read by our Python Serail app
Example of the serial out:
Click to expand to show Lora Scan Data
```
SCAN_RESULT 258 [ (850000, -106), (850389, -106), (850778, -110), (851167, -110), (851556, -110), (851945, -110), (852334, -110), (852723, -110), (853112, -106), (853501, -106), (853890, -106), (854279, -83), (854668, -83), (855057, -110), (855446, -110), (855835, -110), (856224, -110), (856613, -110), (857002, -110), (857391, -110), (857780, -110), (858169, -110), (858558, -110), (858947, -110), (859336, -110), (859725, -110), (860114, -110), (860503, -110), (860892, -110), (861281, -110), (861670, -110), (862059, -110), (862448, -110), (862837, -110), (863226, -110), (863615, -106), (864004, -106), (864393, -110), (864782, -110), (865171, -110), (865560, -110), (865949, -110), (866338, -110), (866727, -110), (867116, -110), (867505, -110), (867894, -110), (868283, -110), (868672, -101), (869061, -101), (869450, -102), (869839, -102), (870228, -101), (870617, -101), (871006, -101), (871395, -98), (871784, -98), (872173, -89), (872562, -89), (872951, -92), (873340, -92), (873729, -85), (874118, -85), (874507, -90), (874896, -90), (875285, -90), (875674, -85), (876063, -85), (876452, -93), (876841, -93), (877230, -90), (877619, -90), (878008, -101), (878397, -101), (878786, -110), (879175, -110), (879564, -110), (879953, -90), (880342, -90), (880731, -93), (881120, -93), (881509, -96), (881898, -96), (882287, -91), (882676, -91), (883065, -91), (883454, -86), (883843, -86), (884232, -93), (884621, -93), (885010, -91), (885399, -91), (885788, -89), (886177, -89), (886566, -85), (886955, -85), (887344, -85), (887733, -87), (888122, -87), (888511, -93), (888900, -93), (889289, -110), (889678, -110), (890067, -110), (890456, -110), (890845, -110), (891234, -110), (891623, -110), (892012, -110), (892401, -110), (892790, -110), (893179, -110), (893568, -110), (893957, -110), (894346, -110), (894735, -110), (895124, -106), (895513, -106), (895902, -106), (896291, -110), (896680, -110), (897069, -110), (897458, -110), (897847, -110), (898236, -110), (898625, -110), (899014, -110), (899403, -110), (899792, -110), (900181, -110), (900570, -110), (900959, -110), (901348, -110), (901737, -110), (902126, -110), (902515, -110), (902904, -110), (903293, -110), (903682, -110), (904071, -110), (904460, -110), (904849, -110), (905238, -110), (905627, -110), (906016, -110), (906405, -110), (906794, -110), (907183, -110), (907572, -110), (907961, -110), (908350, -110), (908739, -110), (909128, -110), (909517, -110), (909906, -110), (910295, -110), (910684, -110), (911073, -110), (911462, -110), (911851, -110), (912240, -110), (912629, -110), (913018, -110), (913407, -110), (913796, -110), (914185, -110), (914574, -110), (914963, -110), (915352, -110), (915741, -110), (916130, -110), (916519, -110), (916908, -110), (917297, -110), (917686, -110), (918075, -110), (918464, -110), (918853, -110), (919242, -110), (919631, -110), (920020, -110), (920409, -110), (920798, -110), (921187, -110), (921576, -110), (921965, -110), (922354, -110), (922743, -110), (923132, -110), (923521, -110), (923910, -110), (924299, -110), (924688, -110), (925077, -110), (925466, -110), (925855, -110), (926244, -110), (926633, -110), (927022, -110), (927411, -110), (927800, -110), (928189, -110), (928578, -110), (928967, -110), (929356, -110), (929745, -110), (930134, -110), (930523, -110), (930912, -110), (931301, -110), (931690, -110), (932079, -110), (932468, -110), (932857, -110), (933246, -110), (933635, -110), (934024, -110), (934413, -110), (934802, -110), (935191, -110), (935580, -103), (935969, -103), (936358, -110), (936747, -110), (937136, -110), (937525, -110), (937914, -110), (938303, -110), (938692, -110), (939081, -110), (939470, -110), (939860, -110), (940250, -110), (940640, -110), (941030, -110), (941420, -110), (941810, -110), (942200, -110), (942590, -110), (942980, -110), (943370, -110), (943760, -110), (944150, -110), (944540, -110), (944930, -110), (945320, -110), (945710, -110), (946100, -110), (946490, -110), (946880, -110), (947270, -110), (947660, -110), (948050, -110), (948440, -110), (948830, -110), (949220, -110), (949610, -110), (950000, -110) ]
```
## Seek on Jam / FPV OSD using Flight controller:
Needs MILBETA 1.47 or later.
Use target `seek-on-jam-sx1280` or `seek-on-jam-lr1121`. Make sure the pins are correct.
I am using LilyGo T3S3 **V1.2** board for seek on jam, this board has a connector for GND, 3.3V, RX and TX for UART SERIAL. No need to solder to the board itself.
Only GND, 3.3V and TX are needed.
Use connector and solder to RPI or similar, I'm using a RPI Zero 2. The targets in platformio.ini are set to use `-DTX_PIN=43` which corresponds to the built-in connector on the T3S3 V1.2 board. RPI Zero2 needs to use the proxy.
## Platformio targets:
### 1. `heltec_wifi_lora_32_V3`
- **Chip Used**: Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 V3
- **Frequency**: 150 - 850 MHz
-
### 2. `heltec_wifi_lora_32_V3-OSD`
- **Chip Used**: Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 V3
- **Frequency**: Not specified
- **Unique Features**: Includes OSD (On-Screen Display) specific flags `-DOSD_ENABLED` and `-DOSD_SIDE_BAR`.
### 3. `heltec_wifi_lora_32_V3_433`
- **Chip Used**: Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 V3
- **Frequency**: 130 MHz to 180 MHz
- **Unique Features**: Frequency range specified with `-DFREQ_BEGIN=130` and `-DFREQ_END=180`.
### 4. `lilygo-T3S3-v1-2-sx1262`
- **Chip Used**: LilyGO T3 S3 V1.2 with SX1262
- **Frequency**: 150 - 850 MHz
- **Unique Features**: Uses SX1262 chip with specific flags like `-DT3_S3_V1_2_SX1262`.
### 5. `lilygo-T3S3-v1-2-lr1121`
- **Chip Used**: LilyGO T3 S3 V1.2 with LR1121
- **Frequency**: 2400 MHz to 2500 MHz
### 6. `lilygo-T3S3-v1-2-sx1280`
- **Chip Used**: LilyGO T3 S3 V1.2 with SX1280
- **Frequency**: 2400 MHz to 2500 MHz
- **Unique Features**: Includes `-DSERIAL_OUT` for serial output.
### 7. `lilygo-T3-v1-6-xs1276`
- **Chip Used**: LilyGO T3 V1.6 with SX1276
- **Frequency**: 150 - 850 MHz
- **Unique Features**: `-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0` to avoid serial issues.
- **Warning**: Not tested yet.
### 8. `vision-master-e290`
- **Chip Used**: Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 V3
- **Frequency**: 150 - 850 MHz
### 9. `vision-master-t190`
- **Chip Used**: Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 V3
- **Frequency**: 150 - 850 MHz
- **Unique Features**: Includes `-DROTATION=1` for display rotation. 1 == normal 3 == upside down
### 10. `seek-on-mavic-sx1280`
- **Chip Used**: LilyGO T3 S3 V1.2 with SX1280
- **Frequency**: 2410 MHz to 2452 MHz (Mavic 3 frequency ranges)
- **Unique Features**:
- `-DLOG_DATA_JSON=1` for JSON logging
- `-DDISABLE_SDCARD` to disable SD card and make boot faster
- `-DSERIAL_OUT` to enable serial output
- `-DSEEK_ON_X` to enable seek on jam
- `-DBANDWIDTH=4.8` to set the bandwidth to 4.8 kHz
### 11. `seek-on-mavic-lr1121`
- **Chip Used**: LilyGO T3 S3 V1.2 with LR1121
- **Frequency**: 2410 MHz to 2452 MHz (Mavic 3 frequency ranges)
- **Unique Features**:
- `-DLOG_DATA_JSON=1` for JSON logging
- `-DDISABLE_SDCARD` to disable SD card and make boot faster
- `-DSERIAL_OUT` to enable serial output
- `-DSEEK_ON_X` to enable seek on jam
- `-DBANDWIDTH=4.8` to set the bandwidth to 4.8 kHz
### 12. Compass Integration:
Lyligo only
```
X DROY(not used)
GPIO46 -> SDA
GPIO42 -> SCLA
GND -> GND
3.3V -> VCC
```
Module: GY-271
https://www.amazon.com/HiLetgo-GY-271-QMC5883L-Compass-Magnetometer/dp/B008V9S64E