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https://github.com/hanaasagi/python-stdlib-note

keep this under my pillow . z Z
https://github.com/hanaasagi/python-stdlib-note

notes python-3-5 stdlib

Last synced: 2 months ago
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keep this under my pillow . z Z

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README 

          
# python-stdlib-note

**枕头不够高，标准库来垫**  



翻看 python 标准库时的笔记  



追加 `[*]` 则阅读完毕  



version Python3.5.3



1. [Introduction[+]](https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/intro.html)

2. [Built-in Functions[+]](https://github.com/Hanaasagi/python-stdlib-note/blob/master/library/functions.md)  

3. [Built-in Constants[+]](https://github.com/Hanaasagi/python-stdlib-note/blob/master/library/constants.md)  

    3.1. Constants added by the site module[+]  

4. [Built-in Types[+]](https://github.com/Hanaasagi/python-stdlib-note/blob/master/library/stdtypes.md)  

    4.1. Truth Value Testing[+]  

    4.2. Boolean Operations — and, or, not[+]  

    4.3. Comparisons[+]  

    4.4. Numeric Types — int, float, complex[+]  

    4.5. Iterator Types[+]  

    4.6. Sequence Types — list, tuple, range[+]  

    4.7. Text Sequence Type — str[+]  

    4.8. Binary Sequence Types — bytes, bytearray, memoryview[+]  

    4.9. Set Types — set, frozenset[+]  

    4.10. Mapping Types — dict[+]  

    4.11. Context Manager Types[+]  

    4.12. Other Built-in Types[+]  

    4.13. Special Attributes[+]  

5. [Built-in Exceptions[+]](https://github.com/Hanaasagi/python-stdlib-note/blob/master/library/exceptions.md)  

    5.1. Base classes[+]  

    5.2. Concrete exceptions[+]  

    5.3. Warnings[+]  

    5.4. Exception hierarchy[+]  

6. Text Processing Services[+]  

    6.1. [string — Common string operations[+]](https://github.com/Hanaasagi/python-stdlib-note/blob/master/library/string.md)  

    6.2. [re — Regular expression operations[+]](https://github.com/Hanaasagi/python-stdlib-note/blob/master/library/re.md)  

    6.3. [difflib — Helpers for computing deltas[+]](https://github.com/Hanaasagi/python-stdlib-note/blob/master/library/difflib.md)  

    6.4. [textwrap — Text wrapping and filling[+]](https://github.com/Hanaasagi/python-stdlib-note/blob/master/library/textwrap.md)  

    6.5. unicodedata — Unicode Database[+]  

    6.6. stringprep — Internet String Preparation[+]  

    6.7. [readline — GNU readline interface[+]](https://github.com/Hanaasagi/python-stdlib-note/blob/master/library/readline.md)  

    6.8. rlcompleter — Completion function for GNU readline[+]  

7. Binary Data Services[+]  

    7.1. [struct — Interpret bytes as packed binary data[+]](https://github.com/Hanaasagi/python-stdlib-note/blob/master/library/struct.md)  

    7.2. [codecs — Codec registry and base classes[+]](https://github.com/Hanaasagi/python-stdlib-note/blob/master/library/codecs.md)  

8. Data Types  

    8.1. datetime — Basic date and time types[+]  

    8.2. calendar — General calendar-related functions  

    8.3. collections — Container datatypes  

    8.4. collections.abc — Abstract Base Classes for Containers  

    8.5. heapq — Heap queue algorithm  

    8.6. bisect — Array bisection algorithm  

    8.7. array — Efficient arrays of numeric values  

    8.8. weakref — Weak references  

    8.9. types — Dynamic type creation and names for built-in types  

    8.10. copy — Shallow and deep copy operations  

    8.11. pprint — Data pretty printer  

    8.12. reprlib — Alternate repr() implementation  

    8.13. enum — Support for enumerations  

9. Numeric and Mathematical Modules  

    9.1. numbers — Numeric abstract base classes  

    9.2. math — Mathematical functions  

    9.3. cmath — Mathematical functions for complex numbers  

    9.4. decimal — Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetic  

    9.5. fractions — Rational numbers  

    9.6. random — Generate pseudo-random numbers  

    9.7. statistics — Mathematical statistics functions  

10. Functional Programming Modules  

    10.1. itertools — Functions creating iterators for efficient looping  

    10.2. functools — Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects  

    10.3. operator — Standard operators as functions  

11. File and Directory Access  

    11.1. pathlib — Object-oriented filesystem paths  

    11.2. os.path — Common pathname manipulations  

    11.3. fileinput — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams  

    11.4. stat — Interpreting stat() results  

    11.5. filecmp — File and Directory Comparisons  

    11.6. tempfile — Generate temporary files and directories  

    11.7. glob — Unix style pathname pattern expansion  

    11.8. fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching  

    11.9. linecache — Random access to text lines  

    11.10. shutil — High-level file operations  

    11.11. macpath — Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions  

12. Data Persistence  

    12.1. pickle — Python object serialization  

    12.2. copyreg — Register pickle support functions  

    12.3. shelve — Python object persistence  

    12.4. marshal — Internal Python object serialization  

    12.5. dbm — Interfaces to Unix “databases”  

    12.6. sqlite3 — DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases  

13. Data Compression and Archiving  

    13.1. zlib — Compression compatible with gzip  

    13.2. gzip — Support for gzip files  

    13.3. bz2 — Support for bzip2 compression  

    13.4. lzma — Compression using the LZMA algorithm  

    13.5. zipfile — Work with ZIP archives  

    13.6. tarfile — Read and write tar archive files  

14. File Formats  

    14.1. csv — CSV File Reading and Writing  

    14.2. configparser — Configuration file parser  

    14.3. netrc — netrc file processing  

    14.4. xdrlib — Encode and decode XDR data  

    14.5. plistlib — Generate and parse Mac OS X .plist files  

15. Cryptographic Services  

    15.1. hashlib — Secure hashes and message digests  

    15.2. hmac — Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication  

16. Generic Operating System Services  

    16.1. os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces  

    16.2. io — Core tools for working with streams  

    16.3. time — Time access and conversions  

    16.4. argparse — Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands  

    16.5. getopt — C-style parser for command line options  

    16.6. logging — Logging facility for Python  

    16.7. logging.config — Logging configuration  

    16.8. logging.handlers — Logging handlers  

    16.9. getpass — Portable password input  

    16.10. curses — Terminal handling for character-cell displays  

    16.11. curses.textpad — Text input widget for curses programs  

    16.12. curses.ascii — Utilities for ASCII characters  

    16.13. curses.panel — A panel stack extension for curses  

    16.14. platform — Access to underlying platform’s identifying data  

    16.15. errno — Standard errno system symbols  

    16.16. ctypes — A foreign function library for Python  

17. Concurrent Execution  

    17.1. threading — Thread-based parallelism  

    17.2. multiprocessing — Process-based parallelism  

    17.3. The concurrent package  

    17.4. concurrent.futures — Launching parallel tasks  

    17.5. subprocess — Subprocess management  

    17.6. sched — Event scheduler  

    17.7. queue — A synchronized queue class  

    17.8. dummy_threading — Drop-in replacement for the threading module  

    17.9. _thread — Low-level threading API  

    17.10. _dummy_thread — Drop-in replacement for the _thread module  

18. Interprocess Communication and Networking  

    18.1. socket — Low-level networking interface  

    18.2. ssl — TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects  

    18.3. select — Waiting for I/O completion  

    18.4. selectors — High-level I/O multiplexing  

    18.5. asyncio — Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks  

    18.6. asyncore — Asynchronous socket handler  

    18.7. asynchat — Asynchronous socket command/response handler  

    18.8. signal — Set handlers for asynchronous events  

    18.9. mmap — Memory-mapped file support  

19. Internet Data Handling  

    19.1. email — An email and MIME handling package  

    19.2. json — JSON encoder and decoder  

    19.3. mailcap — Mailcap file handling  

    19.4. mailbox — Manipulate mailboxes in various formats  

    19.5. mimetypes — Map filenames to MIME types  

    19.6. base64 — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings  

    19.7. binhex — Encode and decode binhex4 files  

    19.8. binascii — Convert between binary and ASCII  

    19.9. quopri — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data  

    19.10. uu — Encode and decode uuencode files  

20. Structured Markup Processing Tools  

    20.1. html — HyperText Markup Language support  

    20.2. html.parser — Simple HTML and XHTML parser  

    20.3. html.entities — Definitions of HTML general entities  

    20.4. XML Processing Modules  

    20.5. xml.etree.ElementTree — The ElementTree XML API  

    20.6. xml.dom — The Document Object Model API  

    20.7. xml.dom.minidom — Minimal DOM implementation  

    20.8. xml.dom.pulldom — Support for building partial DOM trees  

    20.9. xml.sax — Support for SAX2 parsers  

    20.10. xml.sax.handler — Base classes for SAX handlers  

    20.11. xml.sax.saxutils — SAX Utilities  

    20.12. xml.sax.xmlreader — Interface for XML parsers  

    20.13. xml.parsers.expat — Fast XML parsing using Expat  

21. Internet Protocols and Support  

    21.1. webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller  

    21.2. cgi — Common Gateway Interface support  

    21.3. cgitb — Traceback manager for CGI scripts  

    21.4. wsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation  

    21.5. urllib — URL handling modules  

    21.6. urllib.request — Extensible library for opening URLs  

    21.7. urllib.response — Response classes used by urllib  

    21.8. urllib.parse — Parse URLs into components  

    21.9. urllib.error — Exception classes raised by urllib.request  

    21.10. urllib.robotparser — Parser for robots.txt  

    21.11. http — HTTP modules  

    21.12. http.client — HTTP protocol client  

    21.13. ftplib — FTP protocol client  

    21.14. poplib — POP3 protocol client  

    21.15. imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client  

    21.16. nntplib — NNTP protocol client  

    21.17. smtplib — SMTP protocol client  

    21.18. smtpd — SMTP Server  

    21.19. telnetlib — Telnet client  

    21.20. uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 4122  

    21.21. socketserver — A framework for network servers  

    21.22. http.server — HTTP servers  

    21.23. http.cookies — HTTP state management  

    21.24. http.cookiejar — Cookie handling for HTTP clients  

    21.25. xmlrpc — XMLRPC server and client modules  

    21.26. xmlrpc.client — XML-RPC client access  

    21.27. xmlrpc.server — Basic XML-RPC servers  

    21.28. ipaddress — IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library  

22. Multimedia Services  

    22.1. audioop — Manipulate raw audio data  

    22.2. aifc — Read and write AIFF and AIFC files  

    22.3. sunau — Read and write Sun AU files  

    22.4. wave — Read and write WAV files  

    22.5. chunk — Read IFF chunked data  

    22.6. colorsys — Conversions between color systems  

    22.7. imghdr — Determine the type of an image  

    22.8. sndhdr — Determine type of sound file  

    22.9. ossaudiodev — Access to OSS-compatible audio devices  

23. Internationalization  

    23.1. gettext — Multilingual internationalization services  

    23.2. locale — Internationalization services  

24. Program Frameworks  

    24.1. turtle — Turtle graphics  

    24.2. cmd — Support for line-oriented command interpreters  

    24.3. shlex — Simple lexical analysis  

25. Graphical User Interfaces with Tk  

    25.1. tkinter — Python interface to Tcl/Tk  

    25.2. tkinter.ttk — Tk themed widgets  

    25.3. tkinter.tix — Extension widgets for Tk  

    25.4. tkinter.scrolledtext — Scrolled Text Widget  

    25.5. IDLE  

    25.6. Other Graphical User Interface Packages  

26. Development Tools  

    26.1. typing — Support for type hints  

    26.2. pydoc — Documentation generator and online help system  

    26.3. doctest — Test interactive Python examples  

    26.4. unittest — Unit testing framework  

    26.5. unittest.mock — mock object library  

    26.6. unittest.mock — getting started  

    26.7. 2to3 - Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation  

    26.8. test — Regression tests package for Python  

    26.9. test.support — Utilities for the Python test suite  

27. Debugging and Profiling  

    27.1. bdb — Debugger framework  

    27.2. faulthandler — Dump the Python traceback  

    27.3. pdb — The Python Debugger  

    27.4. The Python Profilers  

    27.5. timeit — Measure execution time of small code snippets  

    27.6. trace — Trace or track Python statement execution  

    27.7. tracemalloc — Trace memory allocations  

28. Software Packaging and Distribution  

    28.1. distutils — Building and installing Python modules  

    28.2. ensurepip — Bootstrapping the pip installer  

    28.3. venv — Creation of virtual environments  

    28.4. zipapp — Manage executable python zip archives  

29. Python Runtime Services  

    29.1. sys — System-specific parameters and functions  

    29.2. sysconfig — Provide access to Python’s configuration information  

    29.3. builtins — Built-in objects  

    29.4. __main__ — Top-level script environment  

    29.5. warnings — Warning control  

    29.6. contextlib — Utilities for with-statement contexts  

    29.7. abc — Abstract Base Classes  

    29.8. atexit — Exit handlers  

    29.9. traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback  

    29.10. __future__ — Future statement definitions  

    29.11. gc — Garbage Collector interface  

    29.12. inspect — Inspect live objects  

    29.13. site — Site-specific configuration hook  

    29.14. fpectl — Floating point exception control  

30. Custom Python Interpreters  

    30.1. code — Interpreter base classes  

    30.2. codeop — Compile Python code  

31. Importing Modules  

    31.1. zipimport — Import modules from Zip archives  

    31.2. pkgutil — Package extension utility  

    31.3. modulefinder — Find modules used by a script  

    31.4. runpy — Locating and executing Python modules  

    31.5. importlib — The implementation of import  

32. Python Language Services  

    32.1. parser — Access Python parse trees  

    32.2. ast — Abstract Syntax Trees  

    32.3. symtable — Access to the compiler’s symbol tables  

    32.4. symbol — Constants used with Python parse trees  

    32.5. token — Constants used with Python parse trees  

    32.6. keyword — Testing for Python keywords  

    32.7. tokenize — Tokenizer for Python source  

    32.8. tabnanny — Detection of ambiguous indentation  

    32.9. pyclbr — Python class browser support  

    32.10. py_compile — Compile Python source files  

    32.11. compileall — Byte-compile Python libraries  

    32.12. dis — Disassembler for Python bytecode  

    32.13. pickletools — Tools for pickle developers  

33. Miscellaneous Services  

    33.1. formatter — Generic output formatting  

34. MS Windows Specific Services  

    34.1. msilib — Read and write Microsoft Installer files  

    34.2. msvcrt — Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime  

    34.3. winreg — Windows registry access  

    34.4. winsound — Sound-playing interface for Windows  

35. Unix Specific Services  

    35.1. posix — The most common POSIX system calls  

    35.2. pwd — The password database  

    35.3. spwd — The shadow password database  

    35.4. grp — The group database  

    35.5. crypt — Function to check Unix passwords  

    35.6. termios — POSIX style tty control  

    35.7. tty — Terminal control functions  

    35.8. pty — Pseudo-terminal utilities  

    35.9. fcntl — The fcntl and ioctl system calls  

    35.10. pipes — Interface to shell pipelines  

    35.11. resource — Resource usage information  

    35.12. nis — Interface to Sun’s NIS (Yellow Pages)  

    35.13. syslog — Unix syslog library routines  

36. Superseded Modules  

    36.1. optparse — Parser for command line options  

    36.2. imp — Access the import internals  

37. Undocumented Modules  

    37.1. Platform specific modules