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https://github.com/hrbrmstr/webr-app

🧪 🕸️ A Way Better Structured WebR Demo App
https://github.com/hrbrmstr/webr-app

javascript-modules r rstats wasm webr webr-experiment

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🧪 🕸️ A Way Better Structured WebR Demo App

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README 

        
Almost Bare Bones WebR Starter App

================



Let’s walk through how to set up a [~minimal HTML/JS/CS + WebR-powered

“app”](https://rud.is/webr-app/) on a server you own. This will be

vanilla JS (i.e. no React/Vue/npm/bundler) you can hack on at-will.



In the `docs/` directory you’ll see an example of using this in GH

Pages.Here it is live: .

Info on what you need to do for that is below.



TL;DR: You can find the source to the app and track changes to it [over

on GitHub](https://github.com/hrbrmstr/webr-app/tree/batman) if you want

to jump right in.



## Getting Your Server Set Up



I’ll try to keep updating this with newer WebR releases. Current version

is 0.1.0 and you can grab that from:

.



### System-Wide WebR



> You should [read this

> section](https://docs.r-wasm.org/webr/v0.1.0/serving.html) in the

> official WebR documentation before continuing.



I’m using a server-wide `/webr` directory on my `rud.is` domain so I can

use it on any page I serve.



WebR performance will suffer if it can’t use `SharedArrayBuffer`s. So, I

have these headers enabled on my `/webr` directory:



    Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin

    Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy: require-corp



I use nginx, so that looks like:



    location ^~ /webr {

      add_header "Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy" "same-origin";

      add_header "Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy" "require-corp";

    }



YMMV.



For good measure (and in case I move things around), I stick those

headers on my any app dir that will use WebR. I don’t use them

server-wide, though.



Also, this `Cache-Control` heading appears to help keep things under

`/webr` in the browser cache longer, and will also let any ISP or

enterprise proxies keep the files in their caches as well:



    Cache-Control: public, max-age=604800



and, in nginx:



    location ^~ /webr {

      add_header "Cache-Control" "public, max-age=604800";

      add_header "Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy" "same-origin";

      add_header "Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy" "require-corp";

    }



### And They Call It a MIME. A MIME!



WebR is a [JavaScript

module](https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_modules.asp), and you need to

make sure that files with an `mjs` extension have a [MIME

type](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/MIME_types)

of `text/javascript`, or some browsers won’t be happy.



A typical way for webservers to know how to communicate this is via a

`mime.types` file. That is not true for all webservers, and I’ll add

steps for ones that use a different way to configure this. The entry

should look like this:



    text/javascript  mjs;



### Testing The WebR Set Up



You should be able to hit that path on your webserver in your browser

and see the WebR console app. If you do, you can continue. If not, leave

an issue and I can try to help you debug it, but that’s on a best-effort

basis for me.



## Installing The App



We’ll dig into the app in a bit, but you probably want to see it

working, so let’s install this ~minimal app.



My personal demo app is anchored off of `/webr-app` on my `rud.is` web

server. Here’s how to replicate it:



    # Go someplace safe

    $ cd $TMPDIR



    # Get the app bundle

    # You can also use the GH release version, just delete the README after installing it.

    $ curl -o webr-app.tgz https://rud.is/dl/webr-app.tgz



    # Expand it

    $ tar -xvzf webr-app.tgz

    x ./webr-app/

    x ./webr-app/modules/

    x ./webr-app/modules/webr-app.js

    x ./webr-app/modules/webr-helpers.js

    x ./webr-app/css/

    x ./webr-app/css/simple.min.css

    x ./webr-app/css/app.css

    x ./webr-app/main.js

    x ./webr-app/index.html



    # 🚨 GO THROUGH EACH FILE

    # 🚨 to make sure I'm not pwning you!

    # 🚨 Don't trust anything or anyone.



    # Go to the webserver root

    $ cd $PATH_TO_WEBSERVER_DOC_ROOT_PATH



    # Move the directory

    $ mv $TMPDIR/webr-app .



    # Delete the tarball (optional)

    $ rm $TMPDIR/webr-app.tgz



Hit up that path on *your* web server and you should see what you saw on

mine.



## WebR-Powered App Structure



    .

    ├── css                  # CSS (obvsly)

    │   ├── app.css          # app-specific ones

    │   └── simple.min.css   # more on this in a bit

    ├── index.html           # The main app page

    ├── main.js              # The main app JS

    └── modules              # We use ES6 JS modules

        ├── webr-app.js      # Main app module

        └── webr-helpers.js  # Some WebR JS Helpers I wrote



### Simple CSS



If you sub to [my newsletter](https://dailyfinds.hrbrmstr.dev/), you

know I play with tons of tools and frameworks. Please use what you

prefer.For folks who don’t normally do this type of stuff, I included a

copy of [Simple CSS](https://github.com/kevquirk/simple.css) b/c, well,

it is *simple* to use. Please [use this

resource](https://simplecss.org/demo) to get familiar with it if you do

continue to use it.



### JavaScript Modules



When I’m in “hack” mode (like I was for the first few days after WebR’s

launch), I revert to old, bad habits. We will not replicate those here.



We’re using [JavaScript

Modules](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Modules)

as the project structure. We aren’t “bundling” (slurping up all app

support files into a single, minified file) since not every R person is

a JS tooling expert. We’re also not using them as they really aren’t

needed, and I like to keep things simple and as dependency-free as

possible.



In `index.html` you’ll see this line:



     



This tells the browser to load that JS file as if it were a module. As

you read (you *did* read the MDN link, above, *right*?), modules give us

locally-scoped names/objects/features and protection from clobbering

imported names.



Our main module contains all the crunchy goodness core functionality of

our app, which does nothing more than:



- loads WebR

- Tells you how fast it loaded + instantiated

- Yanks `mtcars` from the instantiated R session (`mtcars` was the third

  “thing” I typed into R, ever, so my brain defaults to it).

- Makes an HTML table from it using D3.



It’s small enough to include here:



    import { format } from "https://cdn.skypack.dev/d3-format@3";

    import * as HelpR from './modules/webr-helpers.js'; // WebR-specific helpers

    // import * as App from './modules/webr-app.js'; // our app's functions, if it had some



    console.time('Execution Time'); // keeps on tickin'

    const timerStart = performance.now();



    import { WebR } from '/webr/webr.mjs'; // service workers == full path starting with /



    globalThis.webR = new WebR({

        WEBR_URL: "/webr/", # our system-wide WebR

        SW_URL: "/webr/"    # what ^^ said

    }); 

    await globalThis.webR.init(); 



    // WebR is ready to use. So, brag about it!



    const timerEnd = performance.now();

    console.timeEnd('Execution Time');



    document.getElementById('loading').innerText = `WebR Loaded! (${format(",.2r")((timerEnd - timerStart) / 1000)} seconds)`;



    const mtcars = await HelpR.getDataFrame(globalThis.webR, "mtcars");

    console.table(mtcars);

    HelpR.simpleDataFrameTable("#tbl", mtcars);



[`globalThis`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/globalThis)

is a special JS object that lets you shove stuff into the global JS

environment. Not 100% needed, but if you want to use the same WebR

context in in other app module blocks, this is how you’d do it.



Let’s focus on the last three lines.



    const mtcars = await HelpR.getDataFrame(globalThis.webR, "mtcars");



This uses a helper function I made to get a data frame object from R in

a way more compatible for most JS and JS libraries than [the default JS

object WebR’s `toJs()` function converts all R objects

to](https://docs.r-wasm.org/webr/v0.1.0/convert-r-to-js.html).



    console.table(mtcars);



This makes a nice table in the browser’s Developer Tools console. I did

this so I could have you open up the console to see it, but I also want

you to inspect the contents of the object (just type `mtcars` and hit

enter/return) to see this nice format.



We pass in a WebR context we know will work, and then *any* R code that

will evaluate and return a data frame. It is all on you (for the moment)

to ensure the code runs and that it returns a data frame.



The last line:



    HelpR.simpleDataFrameTable("#tbl", mtcars);



calls another helper function to make the table.



### HelpR



I may eventually blather eloquently and completely about what’s in

`modules/webr-helpers.js`. For now, let me focus on just a couple

things, especially since it’s got some *sweet* [JSDoc

comments](https://jsdoc.app/).



First off, let’s talk more about those comments.



I use VS Code for ~60% of my daily ops, and used it for this project. If

you open up the project root in VS Code and select/hover over

`simpleDataFrameTable` in that last line, you’ll get some sweet

lookin’formatted help. VS Code is wired up for this (other editors/IDEs

are too), so I encourage you to make liberal use of JSDoc comments in

your own functions/modules.



Now, let’s peek behind the curtain of `getDataFrame`:



    export async function getDataFrame(ctx, rEvalCode) {

        let result = await ctx.evalR(`${rEvalCode}`);

        let output = await result.toJs();

        return (Promise.resolve(webRDataFrameToJS(output)));

    }



The `export` tells the JS environment that that function is available if

imported properly. Without the `export` the function is local to the

module.



    let result = await ctx.evalR(`${rEvalCode}`);



A proper app would use JS `try`/`catch` potential errors. There’s an

example of that in the fancy React app code [over at WebR’s

site](https://docs.r-wasm.org/webr/v0.1.0/examples.html#fully-worked-examples).

We just throw caution to the wind and evaluate whatever we’re given. In

theory, we should have R ensure it’s a data frame which we kind of can’t

do on the JS side since the next line:



    let output = await result.toJs();



will show the type as a `list` (b/c `data.frame`s are `list`s).



I’ll likely add some more helpers to a more standalone helper module,

but I suspect that corporate R will beat me to that, so I will likely

also not invest too much time on it, at least externally.



#### Await! Await! Do Tell Me (about `await`)!



Before we can talk about the last line:



    return (Promise.resolve(webRDataFrameToJS(output)));



let’s briefly talk about

[async](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/async_function)

ops in JS.



The JavaScript environment in your browser is single-threaded.

`async`-hronous ops let pass of code to threads to avoid blocking page

operations. These get executed “whenever”, so all you get is a vapid and

shallow promise to of code execution and potentially giving you

something back.



We explicitly use `await` for when we *really* need the code to run and,

in this case, give us something back. We can keep chaining async

function calls, but — if we need to make sure the code runs and/or we

get data back — we will eventually need to keep our promise to do so;

hence, `Promise.resolve`.



## Serving WebR From GitHub Pages



The `docs/` directory in the repo shows a working version on GH pages.



`main.js` needs a few tweaks:



``` javascript

// This will use Posit's CDN



import('https://webr.r-wasm.org/latest/webr.mjs').then( // this wraps the main app code

    async ({ WebR }) => {

        

        globalThis.webR = new WebR({

            WEBR_URL: "https://webr.r-wasm.org/latest/",

            SW_URL: "/webr-app/"            // 👈🏼 needs to be your GHP main path

        });

        await globalThis.webR.init();



        const timerEnd = performance.now();

        console.timeEnd('Execution Time');



        document.getElementById('loading').innerText = `WebR Loaded! (${format(",.2r")((timerEnd - timerStart) / 1000)} seconds)`;



        const mtcars = await HelpR.getDataFrame(globalThis.webR, "mtcars");

        console.table(mtcars);

        HelpR.simpleDataFrameTable("#tbl", mtcars);

        

  }

);

```



## Moar To Come



Please hit up [this terribly coded dashboard

app](https://rud.is/webr-dash/no-dplyr.html) to see some fancier use.

I’ll be converting that to modules and expanding git a bit.