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https://github.com/ianonymous3000/ios-hardening-guide

A comprehensive guide for enhancing security and privacy on iOS and iPadOS devices.
https://github.com/ianonymous3000/ios-hardening-guide

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A comprehensive guide for enhancing security and privacy on iOS and iPadOS devices.

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README 

        
# The Ultimate iOS Hardening Guide



## Table of Contents

1. [Introduction](#introduction)

2. [Choosing the Right Device: Device Selection and Biometric Security](#choosing-the-right-device-device-selection-and-biometric-security)

3. [Purchasing iOS Devices Anonymously](#purchasing-ios-devices-anonymously)

4. [Initial Setup and Apple ID: Best Practices](#initial-setup-and-apple-id-best-practices)

5. [Passcodes and Encryption](#passcodes-and-encryption)

6. [Enable Find My](#enable-find-my)

7. [Enable Automatic Updates](#enable-automatic-updates)

8. [Two-Factor Authentication](#two-factor-authentication)

9. [Optimizing Tracking and Location Services](#optimizing-tracking-and-location-services)

10. [Advanced Location Services and Tracking: Disabling for Privacy](#advanced-location-services-and-tracking-disabling-for-privacy)

11. [Biometric ID Considerations and Legal Implications](#biometric-id-considerations-and-legal-implications)

12. [Enhancing Lock Screen Security](#enhancing-lock-screen-security)

13. [Disable Control Center when locked](#disable-control-center-when-locked)

14. [Enable Stolen Device Protection](#enable-stolen-device-protection)

15. [Managing App Permissions](#managing-app-permissions)

16. [Disabling Tracking and Ad Tracking](#disabling-tracking-and-ad-tracking)

17. [Using VPN and Firewall for Enhanced Security](#using-vpn-and-firewall-for-enhanced-security)

18. [VPN and DNS Configurations for Enhanced Privacy](#vpn-and-dns-configurations-for-enhanced-privacy)

19. [Privacy-Focused Alternatives to Apple Apps](#privacy-focused-alternatives-to-apple-apps)

20. [Secure Messaging Apps](#secure-messaging-apps)

21. [Privacy-focused Browsers](#privacy-focused-browsers)

22. [Secure Email Providers](#secure-email-providers)

23. [App Sandboxing](#app-sandboxing)

24. [Secure Wireless Connections](#secure-wireless-connections)

25. [Threat Modeling](#threat-modeling)

26. [Security Auditing Tools](#security-auditing-tools)

27. [Siri Privacy Settings](#siri-privacy-settings)

28. [Securing iCloud Settings](#securing-icloud-settings)

29. [Safari Privacy and Security Settings](#safari-privacy-and-security-settings)

30. [Detailed Privacy Settings Adjustments](#detailed-privacy-settings-adjustments)

31. [Staying Secure with iOS Updates](#staying-secure-with-ios-updates)

32. [Physical Security Measures for Your Device](#physical-security-measures-for-your-device)

33. [The Risks of Jailbreaking](#the-risks-of-jailbreaking)

34. [Secure Backups](#secure-backups)

35. [Alternatives to Data Transfer and iCloud](#alternatives-to-data-transfer-and-icloud)

36. [Screen Time & Restrictions for Added Security](#screen-time--restrictions-for-added-security)

37. [Optimizing System Services for Privacy](#optimizing-system-services-for-privacy)

38. [Understanding and Using Lockdown Mode](#understanding-and-using-lockdown-mode)

39. [Learn to use Emergency SOS](#learn-to-use-emergency-sos)

40. [Enable USB Restricted Mode](#enable-usb-restricted-mode)

41. [Managing Emergency Alerts and Addressing False Privacy Warnings](#managing-emergency-alerts-and-addressing-false-privacy-warnings)

42. [Password Management and Account Security](#password-management-and-account-security)

43. [Privacy Implications of iCloud Backups](#privacy-implications-of-icloud-backups)

44. [Threat Modeling Scenarios](#threat-modeling-scenarios)

45. [Securely Disposing of Old Devices](#securely-disposing-of-old-devices)

46. [Privacy Trade-offs of Find My](#privacy-trade-offs-of-find-my)

47. [Securely Using Apple Pay and Wallet Features](#securely-using-apple-pay-and-wallet-features)

48. [Educating Family and Friends about Secure Practices](#educating-family-and-friends-about-secure-practices)

49. [Managing IoT Devices and Their Access](#managing-iot-devices-and-their-access)

50. [Contextualizing Jailbreaking Risks](#contextualizing-jailbreaking-risks)

51. [Regular Updates and Revisions](#regular-updates-and-revisions)

52. [External Resources for Further Learning](#external-resources-for-further-learning)

53. [Feedback and Contributions](#feedback-and-contributions)



## Introduction

Welcome to the Ultimate iOS Hardening Guide! This guide is designed to enhance the security and privacy of iPhones and iPads for users at all levels, from beginners to advanced. We explore and explain Apple's security features, their limitations, and provide alternative solutions for robust privacy and security within the Apple ecosystem.



## Choosing the Right Device: Device Selection and Biometric Security



When selecting an iOS device, it's crucial to consider the security features offered by different models. Apple continuously addresses security bugs and introduces new security enhancements with each new generation of iPhones and iPads.



**Upgrade to an A12 CPU or higher:**

In the latest models, Apple has made significant changes to address the [checkm8](https://www.theiphonewiki.com/wiki/Checkm8_Exploit) vulnerability and improve overall device security. The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the "brain" of your device, responsible for executing instructions and handling security features. The checkm8 vulnerability is a permanent issue affecting devices with A11 chips and older, allowing attackers with physical access to run unauthorized code on your device.



By introducing Pointer Authentication Codes (PAC) in devices with A12 CPUs and newer, Apple has vastly improved the security of newer iOS devices. PAC uses cryptography to make certain attacks much harder, and it depends on features available starting with the A12 CPU, which are present in most devices released in 2018 and all devices released since 2019.



**Recommendation:**

The only fix for the checkm8 vulnerability is to replace your device with one that has an A12 or later CPU. If you're using an older device, consider upgrading to a newer model to protect yourself from this vulnerability and benefit from the improved security features offered by the latest iOS devices.



**Biometric Security:**

When setting up your device, you'll have the option to enable biometric authentication using Face ID or Touch ID, depending on your device model. While these features offer convenience, it's essential to understand the legal and security implications of using biometric authentication. In some jurisdictions, law enforcement may be able to compel you to unlock your device using your face or fingerprint, whereas a passcode may offer more legal protection.



Consider your threat model and the legal implications in your area when deciding whether to enable biometric authentication. If you do choose to use Face ID or Touch ID, be sure to also set a strong passcode as a backup authentication method.



## Purchasing iOS Devices Anonymously



To maintain anonymity when purchasing an iOS device, follow these best practices:



- **Pay with cash**: Purchase iOS devices with cash at physical stores to avoid leaving a digital trail. 



- **Avoid in-store setup or registration**: Decline any setup or registration offered in-store, as this may link your personal information to the device.



- **Use prepaid cards for online purchases**: If purchasing online, use a prepaid credit card or gift card to maintain anonymity. Avoid using personal credit cards or payment methods linked to your identity.



- **Limit personal information**: When purchasing in-store, avoid providing any personal information, such as your email address or phone number, even if asked by the store representative. If you need to provide a name for the purchase, consider using a pseudonym or a generic name not linked to your real identity.



- **Avoid using loyalty cards or memberships**: Don't purchase devices from stores where you have a membership or loyalty card, as these can be linked to your personal information.



- **Use a PO box or mailbox service**: If you need to have the device shipped, consider using a PO box or a mailbox service that allows you to receive packages without revealing your home address.



- **Set up the device privately**: After purchasing the device, avoid setting it up or connecting to Wi-Fi networks in the store. Wait until you are in a private, secure location to begin the setup process.



- **Provide minimal information during setup**: During the initial setup, skip or provide minimal information when prompted for Apple ID, email, or other personal details. You can always add this information later, if needed, in a more secure environment.



Remember, the goal is to minimize the amount of personal information associated with the purchase and initial setup of the device. By taking these precautions, you can help maintain your anonymity and reduce the risk of your personal data being linked to your iOS device.



## Initial Setup and Apple ID: Best Practices

Start with a new or factory reset device. Set up your Apple ID away from personal networks and use non-personal information for the account. During the initial setup, disable all connectivity options like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular data.



## Passcodes and Encryption

- **Strong Passcode**: Opt for at least a 6-digit passcode, or better yet, an alphanumeric one for higher security.

- **Biometric Security**: Use Face ID or Touch ID with an understanding of the legal and privacy implications.

- **Advanced Options**: Turn off 'Simple Passcode' for more complex passcode options.

- **Data Protection**: Always enable data protection and keychain protection in your settings.



## Enable Find My



Use Find My to locate, lock, or erase your device if it gets lost or stolen. A locked iPhone cannot be reused without your Apple ID credentials, even if the phone is wiped and has its software reinstalled.



**What is Find My?**



Find My is a built-in app that allows you to:

- Locate your device on a map

- Play a sound to help you find your device

- Mark your device as lost and lock it with a passcode

- Erase your device remotely if needed



**Set up Find My:**

1. Open the Settings app.

2. Tap on your name at the top of the screen.

3. Tap on "Find My".

4. Enable the "Find My iPhone" option.

5. Enable "Find My network" to locate your iPhone even when it's offline, in power reserve mode, or after power off.

6. Enable "Send Last Location" to automatically send the location of your iPhone to Apple when the battery is critically low.



Find My settings



If you're asked to sign in, enter your Apple ID credentials. When you set up Find My, any paired Apple Watch and AirPods are automatically set up as well.



**Find My network:**

Participating in the Find My network allows you to locate your iPhone even when it's offline, in power reserve mode, or after power off. This is a crucial feature that increases the chances of recovering your device if it's lost or stolen.



**Send Last Location:**

Enabling "Send Last Location" ensures that your iPhone automatically sends its location to Apple when the battery is critically low. This information can be vital in locating your device if it runs out of power.



**Recommendation:**

It's essential to enable Find My on your iPhone or iPad, along with the "Find My network" and "Send Last Location" features. These settings provide an extra layer of security, making it much harder for thieves to resell or use your device if it's ever lost or stolen. Even if your device is wiped and the software is reinstalled, it will remain locked and unusable without your Apple ID credentials.



## Enable Automatic Updates

Turn on automatic updates under `Settings → General → Software Update → Automatic Updates` to ensure your device always has the latest security patches.



automatic-updates_settings



## Two-Factor Authentication

Two-factor authentication adds a critical layer of security. It combines something you know (your password) and something you have (your device). 



When enabled, you'll need to provide both your password and a six-digit verification code to sign in to your Apple ID account. This code is displayed automatically on your trusted devices or sent to your phone number. Even if someone knows your password, they won't be able to access your account without also having access to your trusted device or phone number.



Apple's two-factor authentication is different from two-step verification. If you're using two-step verification and want to upgrade to two-factor authentication, you'll need to turn off two-step verification and then turn on two-factor authentication.



To activate two-factor authentication:

1. Go to `Settings → [Your name] → Password & Security`

2. Tap `Turn On Two-Factor Authentication`

3. Follow the setup prompts



## Optimizing Tracking and Location Services

Privacy is key. Here's how to optimize your tracking and location settings:



1. Go to `Settings → Privacy & Security → Tracking`

2. Toggle off `Allow Apps to Request to Track` to prevent apps from tracking your activity across other companies' apps and websites for advertising purposes or sharing your information with data brokers

3. Go to `Settings → Location Services` to manage app permissions for location access

   - Choose to allow location access always, only while using the app, or never

   - For apps that don't need your precise location, consider granting access to your approximate location instead

4. Regularly review which apps have location permissions and revoke access for apps that don't need it



## Advanced Location Services and Tracking: Disabling for Privacy

Post-setup, regularly verify location and tracking settings, especially after iOS updates. Updates may reset your preferences or introduce new settings. Here are some additional steps to minimize tracking:



1. Go to `Settings → Privacy & Security → Location Services → System Services`

2. Consider disabling non-essential location services like location-based suggestions and ads

3. Check for any apps that are requesting background location access

   - Background access allows apps to track your location even when you're not actively using them

   - Only grant background access to apps that truly need it, such as navigation or fitness tracking apps



## Biometric ID Considerations and Legal Implications

Biometrics like Touch ID and Face ID are convenient but have legal implications. In some jurisdictions, law enforcement can compel you to unlock your device with your face or fingerprint, but they cannot force you to disclose your passcode.



Consider scenarios where biometrics might be less secure than a passcode:

- Someone could unlock your device while you're sleeping or unconscious

- In a robbery or kidnapping situation, you could be physically forced to unlock your device



If you do choose to use biometrics:

- Make sure to also set a strong passcode as a backup

- Remember, you can always disable biometrics quickly by pressing the power button five times in succession, which will require your passcode to unlock



## Enhancing Lock Screen Security

Your lock screen can be a vulnerability. To enhance lock screen security:



1. Go to `Settings → Touch ID/Face ID & Passcode`

2. Disable access to features like Today View, Notification Center, Control Center, Siri, Reply with Message, Home Control, Wallet, and USB Accessories while your device is locked

   - The fewer features accessible from the lock screen, the more secure your device will be

3. Go to `Settings → Display & Brightness → Auto-Lock` and set a reasonably short auto-lock timeout

   - This ensures your device will lock quickly when not in use, even if you forget to lock it manually



## Disable Control Center when locked



Disable access to Control Center when your device is locked to prevent unauthorized changes to your settings. By default, Control Center can be accessed from the lock screen, which introduces an unnecessary security risk.



For example, a thief could snatch your phone and quickly disable the cellular and Wi-Fi connections, preventing you from locating it with Find My. Additionally, settings such as Bluetooth or AirDrop, which you may have disabled to decrease your risk, can be re-enabled unless you follow these steps:



1. Open the Settings app.

2. Tap on one of the following, depending on your device's configuration:

   - Face ID & Passcode

   - Touch ID & Passcode

   - Passcode

3. Enter your passcode.

4. Scroll to the "Allow Access When Locked" section.

5. Uncheck "Control Center".

6. Also uncheck any other features you don't use.



disable_control_center_when_locked



By disabling Control Center access when your device is locked, you can prevent unauthorized changes to your settings and reduce potential security risks.



## Enable Stolen Device Protection

Stolen Device Protection adds a layer of security when your iPhone is away from familiar locations, such as home or work, and helps protect your accounts and personal information in case your iPhone is ever stolen.



To turn on Stolen Device Protection, you must use two-factor authentication for your Apple ID and set up or enable the following on your iPhone: a device passcode; Face ID or Touch ID; and Significant Locations* (Location Services). You also need to have Find My turned on, and you can't turn it off while Stolen Device Protection is enabled.



When Stolen Device Protection is enabled, some features and actions have additional security requirements when your iPhone is away from familiar locations:



- **Face ID or Touch ID biometric authentication**: Some actions such as accessing stored passwords and credit cards require a single biometric authentication with Face ID or Touch ID — with no passcode alternative or fallback — so that only you can access these features.

- **Security Delay**: Some security actions such as changing your Apple ID password also require you to wait an hour and then perform a second Face ID or Touch ID authentication.



You can turn on Stolen Device Protection in Settings:



1. Go to Settings, then tap Face ID & Passcode.

2. Enter your device passcode.

3. Tap Stolen Device Protection, then turn Stolen Device Protection on or off.



If you'd like your iPhone to enforce the additional Stolen Device Protection security measures regardless of its location, choose "Always" under Require Security Delay. By default, the additional security measures are required only when your iPhone is away from familiar locations.



*Significant Locations is an option within Location Services: Settings > Privacy & Security > Location Services > System Services > Significant Locations.



## Managing App Permissions

Review app permissions regularly in your device settings, paying special attention to access to the microphone, camera, and location services.



## Disabling Tracking and Ad Tracking

To limit ad tracking, navigate to `Settings → Privacy & Security → Apple Advertising` and disable 'Personalized Ads'.



## Using VPN and Firewall for Enhanced Security

Protect against Wi-Fi hacking and mask your IP address with a reliable VPN. This is crucial for maintaining privacy on public networks.



## VPN and DNS Configurations for Enhanced Privacy

Choose a privacy-respecting VPN provider and configure it not to log your data. Use DNS services for additional filtering and privacy.



## Privacy-Focused Alternatives to Apple Apps

Consider using privacy-centric alternatives to native Apple apps, such as:

- Safari → [Brave](https://brave.com) (see iOS browser comparison [here](https://privacytests.org/ios))

- iMessage → [Signal](https://signal.org)

- iCloud → [Proton Drive](https://proton.me/drive)

- iCloud Keychain → [Bitwarden](https://bitwarden.com) / [Proton Pass](https://proton.me/pass)

- Apple Calendar → [Proton Calendar](https://proton.me/calendar) 

- iCloud Private Relay (VPN) -> [MullvadVPN](https://mullvad.net/en) / [IVPN](https://www.ivpn.net) / [Proton VPN](https://protonvpn.com)

- Apple Mail -> [Proton Mail](https://proton.me/mail)

- Apple Notes -> [Standard Notes](https://standardnotes.com)

- iCloud Photos -> [ente](https://ente.io) ([ente vs Apple Photos](https://ente.io/compare/ente-vs-apple-photos))



Each alternative is selected for its strong focus on user privacy and security features.



## Secure Messaging Apps

When choosing a secure messaging app, consider the following options:

- Signal: An open-source, end-to-end encrypted messaging app that has been widely adopted and recommended by security experts.

- SimpleX Chat: A decentralized, open-source messaging platform that offers end-to-end encryption, no user identifiers (like phone numbers or usernames), and enhanced privacy features.

- Threema: A paid app that offers end-to-end encryption, doesn't require a phone number, and has a strong focus on privacy and security.



For a comprehensive comparison of secure messaging apps, visit [Secure Messaging Apps](https://www.securemessagingapps.com). This website compares various messaging apps based on their security features, privacy policies, and other important factors, helping you make an informed decision.



## Privacy-focused Browsers

When it comes to privacy-centric browsers, consider the following options:

- Brave: A Chromium-based browser with built-in ad and tracker blocking, as well as a privacy-focused incognito mode.

- Firefox Focus: A free, open-source browser with built-in tracking protection, ad-blocking, and the ability to erase your sessions easily.



These browsers offer robust privacy features to help protect your online activities from tracking and surveillance.



## Secure Email Providers

For secure and private email communication, consider the following providers:

- ProtonMail: An end-to-end encrypted email service that offers a free tier and paid plans with additional features.

- Tutanota: A free, open-source email service with end-to-end encryption, two-factor authentication, and the ability to send encrypted emails to non-Tutanota users.



To compare various secure email providers, visit [Email Provider Comparison](https://email-comparison.as93.net). This website offers a detailed comparison of email providers based on their security features, privacy policies, jurisdiction, and other crucial factors.



By carefully selecting a secure messaging app, privacy-focused browser, and secure email provider, you can significantly enhance your privacy and security when communicating and browsing online.



## App Sandboxing

iOS's app sandboxing is a critical security feature that contributes to the overall security of the device by isolating apps from each other and limiting their access to system resources.



Key benefits of app sandboxing:

1. **Data Protection**: Each app has its own dedicated space for storing data, preventing unauthorized access from other apps.

2. **Resource Access**: Apps can only access system resources, like the camera or location, with explicit user permission.

3. **Inter-App Communication**: Communication between apps is restricted to specific iOS APIs, preventing data theft or interference.

4. **Privilege Separation**: Apps run with the lowest level of privilege needed, minimizing potential damage if compromised.



While largely invisible to users, app sandboxing is essential to iOS security. However, it can be weakened by jailbreaking or sideloading apps from outside the App Store, exposing your device to greater risk.



## Secure Wireless Connections

Securing your wireless connections is crucial for protecting your data in transit. Here are some best practices:



1. **Use WPA3 encryption for Wi-Fi**: 

   - Choose WPA3 if your router supports it, as it offers the best protection against password guessing and encryption cracking.

   - If WPA3 isn't available, use WPA2 with AES encryption.

   - Avoid WPA, WEP, or open networks, as they are much less secure.



2. **Avoid unsecured public Wi-Fi**: 

   - Public Wi-Fi hotspots are often unsecured or poorly secured, exposing your data to interception.

   - If you must use public Wi-Fi, connect to a VPN first to encrypt your data (see VPN section for details).

   - Avoid accessing sensitive information, like banking, while on public Wi-Fi, even with a VPN.



3. **Use cellular data instead of Wi-Fi**: 

   - Cellular networks are generally more secure than public Wi-Fi, using encryption and being harder to intercept.

   - Be mindful of data costs, especially when roaming or on a limited plan.



4. **Keep your devices updated**: 

   - Install updates for your iOS devices and routers as soon as available.

   - Updates often include security patches for newly discovered vulnerabilities in Wi-Fi protocols and implementations.



By following these best practices, you can significantly reduce the risk of your wireless connections being compromised and your data being intercepted.



## Threat Modeling

Assess your individual security needs based on your specific situation and potential threats you may face. Threat modeling helps you identify, understand, and prioritize the potential threats and vulnerabilities specific to your situation. Consider the following aspects when threat modeling:



1. **Identify your assets**: Determine what you need to protect, such as personal data, financial information, or confidential business materials.



2. **Identify potential adversaries**: Consider who might want to access or compromise your assets. This could include hackers, thieves, government agencies, or even people you know.



3. **Identify potential attack vectors**: Think about the different ways an adversary could access your assets, such as physical theft, network hacking, social engineering, or malware.



4. **Evaluate the likelihood and impact of threats**: Assess how likely each threat is to occur and the potential damage it could cause. Prioritize the threats that are most likely and would have the greatest impact.



5. **Determine appropriate mitigations**: Based on your threat assessment, identify the security measures that would most effectively mitigate your top threats. This could include measures like strong encryption, two-factor authentication, physical security controls, or using privacy-focused apps and services.



Remember, threat modeling is not a one-time exercise. As your situation and the broader security landscape evolve, periodically reassess your threats and adjust your security posture accordingly.



### Threat Modeling Resources

- [EFF Surveillance Self-Defense Guide](https://ssd.eff.org/): Includes a section on assessing your risks and creating a security plan.

- [OWASP Threat Modeling](https://owasp.org/www-community/Application_Threat_Modeling): Provides a primer on threat modeling for application security, but many of the principles apply more broadly.



By taking the time to understand your unique threat landscape, you can ensure you're focusing your security efforts where they'll have the greatest impact in keeping your iOS devices and data safe.



## Security Auditing Tools

Consider using security auditing tools like [iVerify](https://www.iverify.io) to check your device for security vulnerabilities and misconfigurations.



## Siri Privacy Settings

Manage Siri's access under `Settings → Siri & Search` for better privacy. Consider disabling 'Listen for "Hey Siri"' to minimize data sharing.



## Securing iCloud Settings

Regularly review your iCloud settings. Enable two-factor authentication and use end-to-end encryption where possible.



## Safari Privacy and Security Settings

Enhance your privacy in Safari by enabling Fraudulent Website Warnings and managing cookies effectively. Consider disabling JavaScript for added security.



## Detailed Privacy Settings Adjustments

Limit Siri's access and turn off notifications for sensitive apps. In Safari, use private browsing and disable suggestions—opt-out of analytics data sharing for enhanced privacy.



## Staying Secure with iOS Updates

Regularly update your iOS to the latest version to benefit from the newest security patches. Keep your apps updated as well.



## Physical Security Measures for Your Device

Never leave your device unattended in public places. Use features like Find My iPhone for theft recovery. Use a protective case, screen protector, and keep the device away from extreme temperatures.



## The Risks of Jailbreaking

Jailbreaking exposes your device to additional security risks. It's generally advised to avoid jailbreaking for maintaining device security.



## Secure Backups

Always use encrypted backups and regularly test backup restores to ensure data integrity.



## Alternatives to Data Transfer and iCloud

Explore secure cloud services like Proton Drive and prefer physical data transfers (like USB) over wireless ones for sensitive data.



## Screen Time & Restrictions for Added Security

Use Screen Time to enforce content and privacy restrictions, preventing unauthorized changes to your device settings. This is particularly useful if someone learns your device passcode.



## Optimizing System Services for Privacy

Fine-tune `Settings → Privacy & Security → Location Services → System Services`. Turn off non-essential services like `Location-Based Apple Ads` and `Significant Locations` to minimize location data collection.



## Understanding and Using Lockdown Mode

Lockdown Mode is designed for users at high risk of targeted cyber attacks. It limits certain functionalities to reduce the device's attack surface. Activate it under `Settings → Privacy & Security → Lockdown Mode`, but be aware that it will restrict many standard features. Familiarize yourself with Lockdown Mode and its implications.



## Learn to Use Emergency SOS



Emergency SOS is a critical feature that can help you quickly call for help and protect your device in dangerous situations. When activated, it disables Touch ID and Face ID until you enter your passcode, and optionally, it can automatically call emergency services (911 in the US).



**How to activate Emergency SOS:**



There are two ways to activate Emergency SOS:



1. **Call with 5 Button Presses**: Rapidly press the side button 5 times. When the countdown ends, iPhone will call emergency services.



2. **Call with Hold and Release**: Press and hold the side button and either volume button. A countdown begins and an alarm sounds. After the countdown, if you release the buttons, iPhone will call emergency services. In certain regions, you may need to specify an emergency service to dial.



emergency_sos_activation



If needed, you can call emergency services by sliding the Emergency SOS slider on the screen.



**Enabling Auto-Calling:**



You can set your device to automatically call emergency services after the Emergency SOS screen appears. The call will be made after an 8-second countdown. To enable auto-calling:



1. Open the Settings app.

2. Tap on Emergency SOS.

3. Enable the "Call with Hold" and "Call with 5 Presses" toggles.



There are two ways to use auto-calling:

1. Call after 5 presses: Continue holding the power and volume buttons for more than 10 seconds.

2. Call with Hold: Hold the buttons for more than 10 seconds.



emergency_sos_settings



**Setting Up Emergency Contacts:**



You can have Emergency SOS display an emergency contact by selecting "Set up Emergency Contacts in Health" in the Emergency SOS settings.



**Recommendations for Improvement:**



While Emergency SOS is a valuable feature, there are some potential enhancements that could make it even more effective:



- Implement a discreet gesture or button combination to trigger Emergency SOS more inconspicuously in dangerous situations.

- Allow users to customize the countdown timer for auto-calling (e.g., options for 3, 5, or 8 seconds).

- Enable sending automated emergency texts to designated contacts when Emergency SOS is activated, including location information if possible.

- Provide guidance on what information to convey to the emergency operator, especially in dangerous situations.

- Discuss using Emergency SOS in combination with other iOS emergency features like Medical ID and Emergency Contacts.



By familiarizing yourself with Emergency SOS and understanding how to activate it, you can be better prepared to respond to emergency situations and protect your device and personal information.



## Enable USB Restricted Mode



Enabling USB Restricted Mode further enhances the security of your iOS device. This feature prevents USB accessories from connecting when your device has been locked for over an hour, protecting against unauthorized access attempts via the Lightning port.



**How it works:** When USB Restricted Mode is enabled, your iPhone or iPad will not communicate with USB accessories if the device has been locked for more than an hour. This prevents potential attackers from using USB accessories to bypass the lock screen or extract data, even if they have physical access to your device.



**Protection against hacking tools:** USB Restricted Mode also defends against hacking tools like GrayKey and Cellebrite, which can be used to bypass the lock screen by connecting to the Lightning port. By enabling this feature, you add an extra layer of security to your device's passcode protection.



**Enabling USB Restricted Mode:**



1. Go to `Settings → Touch ID/Face ID & Passcode`.



2. Make sure the "Accessories" option is turned off under "Allow Access When Locked".



usb_restricted_mode_settings



When this setting is off, your iPhone will display the following message:



"Unlock iPhone to allow accessories to connect when it has been more than an hour since your iPhone was locked."



This confirms that USB Restricted Mode is active and will prevent USB accessories from connecting if the device has been locked for over an hour.



**Why it matters:** Enabling USB Restricted Mode is especially important if your iPhone or iPad contains sensitive personal or business data. It helps ensure that this data remains secure even if your device is lost or stolen, providing a simple but effective way to enhance your device's security and protect against unauthorized access attempts.



## Managing Emergency Alerts and Addressing False Privacy Warnings

Understand that some government alerts may bypass your settings. Verify your settings if iOS flags a privacy warning due to DNS changes. Often, these can be dismissed for secure DNS setups.



## Password Management and Account Security

Use strong, unique passwords for all accounts, not just your device passcode. Consider using a password manager to generate and store complex passwords securely.



## Privacy Implications of iCloud Backups

iCloud backups, while convenient, may not provide the same level of privacy as local backups. Consider using secure alternatives for sensitive data.



## Threat Modeling Scenarios

Here are a few common threat scenarios and the most relevant security measures for each:



1. **Lost or Stolen Device**: Enable Find My, use a strong passcode, and consider enabling Stolen Device Protection. Regularly back up your data.

2. **Targeted Cyber Attack**: Use Lockdown Mode, keep your device and apps updated, and be cautious about installing apps from unknown sources.

3. **Data Breaches**: Use unique, strong passwords for each account, enable two-factor authentication wherever possible, and monitor your accounts for suspicious activity.



## Securely Disposing of Old Devices

Before disposing of an old device, make sure to sign out of all accounts, perform a factory reset, and remove the SIM card. Physically destroy the device if it contained highly sensitive data.



## Privacy Trade-offs of Find My

While Find My is valuable for locating a lost or stolen device, it does mean sharing your device's location data with Apple. Consider this trade-off in your threat model.



## Securely Using Apple Pay and Wallet Features

When setting up Apple Pay or other wallet features, verify that you're on a trusted device and network. Use Touch ID, Face ID, or a strong passcode for transactions.



## Educating Family and Friends about Secure Practices

Your security is only as strong as your weakest link. Encourage family and friends to also follow good security practices, especially if you frequently communicate with them.



## Managing IoT Devices and Their Access

Be mindful of the IoT devices you connect to your Apple devices. Regularly review their permissions and access, and use strong, unique passwords for their accounts.



## Contextualizing Jailbreaking Risks

Jailbreaking allows users to bypass many of iOS's security restrictions, which can be appealing for customization and access to certain apps. However, it exposes the device to significant security risks and should be avoided for most users.



## Regular Updates and Revisions



### Staying Current with iOS Developments

- **Evolving Security Landscape**: The realm of iOS security and privacy is continually evolving. New updates from Apple often introduce changes in features, settings, and security protocols.

- **Commitment to Relevance**: We are committed to keeping this guide updated with the latest information and best practices. This ensures that the advice and strategies provided here remain relevant and effective.

- **Recommendation for Readers**: We encourage readers to revisit this guide periodically. Staying informed about the latest updates and revisions will help you maintain the highest level of security and privacy on your iOS devices.

- **Community Input**: Your feedback and contributions are invaluable in keeping this guide comprehensive and up-to-date. Please feel free to suggest updates or new information that might be beneficial to include.



### Keeping Up with iOS Updates

- **Checking for iOS Updates**: Regularly check for and install the latest iOS updates on your device. These updates often contain crucial security patches and feature enhancements.

- **Reviewing Guide Updates**: After updating your iOS, revisit this guide to ensure that your security settings and practices align with any new changes introduced by the update.



## External Resources for Further Learning

- [Into the Cyberverse](https://alternativeto.net/list/34604/cyberverse) - The ultimate list of apps/services for better Security, Privacy and Anonymity 

- [Apple Platform Security Guide](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/welcome/web): Apple's detailed guide on the security features of their platforms.

- [Apple's Privacy Website](https://www.apple.com/privacy/): Apple's overview of their approach to privacy.

- [OWASP Mobile Security Testing Guide](https://owasp.org/www-project-mobile-security-testing-guide/): Comprehensive manual for mobile app security testing and reverse engineering.

- [Personal Safety User Guide for Apple Devices](https://help.apple.com/pdf/personal-safety/en_US/personal-safety-user-guide.pdf): Apple's official guide for anyone concerned about or experiencing technology-enabled abuse, stalking, or harassment.

- [r/privacy Wiki](https://www.reddit.com/r/privacy/wiki/index): The wiki for the r/privacy subreddit, which contains a wealth of privacy-related resources.



## Feedback and Contributions

We welcome and appreciate your suggestions and feedback. If you have ideas for improving this guide, please feel free to open an issue on this GitHub repository or submit a pull request with your contributions.



Remember, security is an ongoing process. Stay vigilant, keep learning, and always prioritize the protection of your personal data. Together, we can create a safer, more privacy-respecting digital environment.



Thank you for using the Ultimate iOS Hardening Guide!