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https://github.com/igrishaev/zippo

Additions to the standard clojure.zip package
https://github.com/igrishaev/zippo

clojure zippers

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Additions to the standard clojure.zip package

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# Zippo

Small additions to the standard `clojure.zip` package.

**ToC**

- [Why](#why)
- [Installation](#installation)
- [Usage & examples](#usage--examples)
* [A finite seq of locations](#a-finite-seq-of-locations)
* [Finding locations](#finding-locations)
* [Updating a zipper](#updating-a-zipper)
* [Slicing a zipper by layers](#slicing-a-zipper-by-layers)
* [Breadth-first seq of locations](#breadth-first-seq-of-locations)
* [Lookups](#lookups)
* [A universal collection zipper](#a-universal-collection-zipper)
* [Also See](#also-see)
- [ClojureScript support](#clojurescript-support)

## Why

The `clojure.zip` package is a masterpiece yet misses some utility
functions. For example, finding locations, bulk updates, lookups, breadth-first
traversing and so on. This library brings some bits of missing functionality.

## Installation

Lein:

```clojure
[com.github.igrishaev/zippo "0.1.4"]
```

Deps.edn

```clojure
{com.github.igrishaev/zippo {:mvn/version "0.1.4"}}
```

## Usage & examples

First, import both Zippo and `clojure.zip`:

~~~clojure
(ns zippo.core-test
(:require
[clojure.zip :as zip]
[zippo.core :as zippo]))
~~~

Declare a zipper:

~~~clojure
(def z
(zip/vector-zip [1 [2 3] [[4]]]))
~~~

Now check out the following Zippo functions.

### A finite seq of locations

The `loc-seq` funtion takes a location and returns a lazy seq of locations
untill it reaches the end:

~~~clojure
(let [locs (zippo/loc-seq z)]
(mapv zip/node locs))

;; get a vector of notes to reduce the output
[[1 [2 3] [[4]]]
1
[2 3]
2
3
[[4]]
[4]
4]
~~~

This is quite useful to traverse a zipper without keeping in mind the ending
condition (`zip/end?`).

### Finding locations

The `loc-find` function looks for the first location that matches a predicate:

~~~clojure
(let [loc (zippo/loc-find
z
(fn [loc]
(-> loc zip/node (= 3))))]

(is (= 3 (zip/node loc))))
~~~

Above, we found a location which node equals 3.

The `loc-find-all` function finds all the locatins that match the predicate:

~~~clojure
(let [locs (zippo/loc-find-all
z
(zippo/->loc-pred (every-pred int? even?)))]

(is (= [2 4]
(mapv zip/node locs))))
~~~

Since the predicate accepts a location, you can check its children, siblings and
so on. For example, check if a location belongs to a special kind of parent.

However, most of the time you're interested in a value (node) rather than a
location. The `->loc-pred` function converts a node predicate, which accepts a
node, into a location predicate. In the example above, the line

~~~clojure
(zippo/->loc-pred (every-pred int? even?))
~~~

makes a location predicate which node is an even integer.

### Updating a zipper

Zippo offers some functions to update a zipper.

The `loc-update` one takes a location predicate, an update function and the rest
arguments. Here is how you douple all the even numbers in a nested vector:

~~~clojure
(let [loc
(zippo/loc-update
z
(zippo/->loc-pred (every-pred int? even?))
zip/edit * 2)]

(is (= [1 [4 3] [[8]]]
(zip/root loc))))
~~~

For the updating function, one may use `zip/append-child` to append a child,
`zip/remove` to drop the entire location and so on:

~~~clojure
(let [loc
(zippo/loc-update
z
(fn [loc]
(-> loc zip/node (= [2 3])))
zip/append-child
:A)]

(is (= [1 [2 3 :A] [[4]]]
(zip/root loc))))
~~~

The `node-update` function is similar but acts on nodes. Instead of `loc-pred`
and `loc-fn`, it accepts `node-pred` and `node-fn` what operate on nodes.

~~~clojure
(let [loc
(zippo/node-update
z
int?
inc)]
(is (= [2 [3 4] [[5]]]
(zip/root loc))))
~~~

### Slicing a zipper by layers

Sometimes, you need to slice a zipper on layers. This is what is better seen on
a chart:

~~~
+---ROOT---+ ;; layer 1
| |
+-A-+ +-B-+ ;; layer 2
| | | | | |
X Y Z J H K ;; layer 3
~~~

- Layer 1 is `[Root]`;
- Layer 1 is `[A B]`;
- Layer 3 is `[X Y Z J H K]`

The `loc-layers` function takes a location and builds a lazy seq of layers. The
first layer is the given location, then its children, the children of children
and so on.

~~~clojure
(let [layers
(zippo/loc-layers z)]

(is (= '(([1 [2 3] [[4]]])
(1 [2 3] [[4]])
(2 3 [4])
(4))
(for [layer layers]
(for [loc layer]
(zip/node loc))))))
~~~

### Breadth-first seq of locations

[depth-first]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth-first_search

The `clojure.zip` package uses [depth-first method][depth-first] of traversing a
tree. Let's number the items:

~~~
+-----ROOT[1]----+
| |
+----A[2]---+ +---B[6]--+
| | | | | |
X[3] Y[4] Z[5] J[7] H[8] K[9]
~~~

This sometimes may end up with an infinity loop when you generate children
on the fly.

The `loc-seq-breadth` functions offers the opposite way of traversing a zipper:

~~~
+-----ROOT[1]----+
| |
+----A[2]---+ +---B[3]--+
| | | | | |
X[4] Y[5] Z[6] J[7] H[8] K[9]
~~~

This is useful to solve some special tasks related to zippers.

### Lookups

When working with zippers, you often need such functionality as "go
up/left/right until meet something". For example, from a given location, go up
until a parent has a special attribute. Zippo offers four functions for that,
namely `lookup-up`, `lookup-left`, `lookup-right`, and `lookup-down.` All of
them take a location and a predicate:

~~~clojure
(let [loc
(zip/vector-zip [:a [:b [:c [:d]]] :e])

loc-d
(zippo/loc-find loc
(zippo/->loc-pred
(fn [node]
(= node :d))))

loc-b
(zippo/lookup-up loc-d
(zippo/->loc-pred
(fn [node]
(and (vector? node)
(= :b (first node))))))]

(is (= :d (zip/node loc-d)))

(is (= [:b [:c [:d]]] (zip/node loc-b))))
~~~

In the example above, first we find the `:d` location. From there, we go up
until we meet `[:b [:c [:d]]]`. If there is no such a location, the result will
be nil.

### A universal collection zipper

The `coll-zip` function builds a zipper that navigates through all the known
collections types, e.g. vectors, maps, map entries, lazy collections and so
on. Unlike the standard `zip/vector-zip` and `zip/seq-zip`, it works with any
combination of vectors and map which is quite useful in production. A brief
example:

```clojure
(def sample
[{:foo 1}
#{'foo 'bar 'hello}
(list 1 2 3 {:aa [1 2 {:haha true}]})])

(->> sample
coll-zip
loc-seq
(map zip/node))

(
{:foo 1}
[:foo 1]
:foo
1
#{bar hello foo}
bar
hello
foo
(1 2 3 {:aa [1 2 {:haha true}]})
1
2
3
{:aa [1 2 {:haha true}]}
[:aa [1 2 {:haha true}]]
:aa
[1 2 {:haha true}]
1
2
{:haha true}
[:haha true]
:haha
true)
```

The `coll-zip` zipper carries a detailed implementation of the `make-node`
function. It takes into account the type of the node and properly builds a new
one from the children. It also preserves the metadata.

### Also See

[zippers-guide]: https://grishaev.me/en/clojure-zippers/

The code from this library was used for [Clojure Zippers manual][zippers-guide]
-- the complete guide to zippers in Clojure from the very scratch.

## ClojureScript support

Since 1.3, the library supports ClojureScript as well. At least 1.9.542 version
of ClojureScript compiler is required as the library relies on the
[MapEntry][MapEntry] type and the [map-entry?][map-entry?] function.

[MapEntry]: https://cljs.github.io/api/cljs.core/MapEntry
[map-entry?]: https://cljs.github.io/api/cljs.core/map-entryQMARK

© 2022 Ivan Grishaev