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https://github.com/iharkatkavets/terminal-snippets

Useful snippets
https://github.com/iharkatkavets/terminal-snippets

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# 💻 Terminal Snippets



Variables



Strip the directory path from a shell variable string and leave the last part of the path (the filename)

```

$ FILE=${PATHTOFILE##*/}

```

Strip the file name from a shell variable string and leave the dir part of the path

```

$ DIR=${PATHTOFILE%/*}

```



### Ediff shortcuts



  Ediff shortcuts expand



  `a` - apply changes from buffer A


  `b` - apply changes from buffer B


  `d` - keep both variants (A+B)


  `n` - show next changes


  `p` - show previous changes


  `r` - recover the original difference region in buffer C


  `C-x o` - change focused buffer window


  `v` - scroll bottom


  `M-v` - scroll up


  `q` - end ediffing



---



  $ base64

  

    $ base64 -i IN_FILE_PATH -o OUT_FILE_PATH

   Examples


     

    $ base64 -i CertificateSigningRequest.certSigningRequest -o encodedbase64.txt



   Encode string


     

     $ base64 -D <<< STRING

   

    `base64 <<< LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJ`

    

    `$ base64 -D <<< STRING`

    Decode string


   `base64 -D <<< LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJ== > file.bin`



---

  



  $ convert

  

   Resize the image 


    ```$ convert image.png -resize 33% resized.png ``` 



      

---

  



  $ echo



   List all files matching pattern in current directory


     

     $ echo *.txt

     $ echo .*



---



$ git

    

  Clean up submodules

  ```bash 

  $ git submodule foreach --recursive git clean -xfd

  $ git submodule update -f --init --recursive --remote

  ```

  Cherry pick diffs which are contained only in the `ANY_BRANCH`

  ```bash

  $ git cherry -v master ANY_BRANCH > only-feature-chages.txt

  $ git cherry-pick 64f0e89e718aa034704c5895f9de858afae9da97 f415a7d8c1599021761bab852109ef6389918...

  $ git status

  $ git cherry-pick --continue

  ```

  Git find "string" in the history of diffs

  ```bash

  $ git log -p -S string_for_searching

  ```

  Git print diff between mybranch and master in the file 'myfile.cs'

  ```

  $ git diff mybranch..master -- myfile.cs

  ```

  Find the file in the history

  ```

  $ git log --all --name-status  -- "**/filename.*"

  ```

  Show the file changes in the commit 

  ```

  $ git show  -- 

  ```

  Restore the file in the working copy

  ```

  $ git checkout ^ -- 

  ```

  Apply reverted changes from a commit

  ```bash

  $ git show  --  | git apply -3 --whitespace=fix -R

  ```

  Add custom ssh identity file to the repository

  ```bash

  $ git config core.sshCommand "ssh -i ~/.ssh/not_default_id_rsa -F /dev/null"

  ```

  Log all particular file commits

  ```bash

  $ git log --follow -- FILE_PATH

  ```

  Revert 3 last commits in with one commit

  ```

  $ git revert --no-commit HEAD~3..

  ```

  Use custom key

  ```bash

  git -c core.sshCommand="ssh -i ~/.ssh/mycustomkey" pull

  ```



  



---



  $ hexdump

  

  Generate 16 `hex` bytes


  ```

  hexdump -vn16 -e'4/4 "%08X" 1 "\n"' /dev/urandom

  ```



## Bash

### Files editing 

Display file changes in real time 


```$ tail -f FILE``` 


Remove new line and escape " symbols in the file 


```$ cat ORIGINFILE.TXT | tr -d '\n' | sed 's/"/\\"/g' > NEWFILE.TXT``` 


Find a string recursively at path 


```$ grep -ir SEARCHABLE_STRING PATH``` 


```$ grep -A NUMBER_OF_LINES_AFTER -ir SEARCHABLE_STRING PATH```


Create a file from hex string 


```$ writehex 8ade18f6 00000001 00000000 51aabd81 > FILENAME.EXT``` 


Сount characters in string 


```$ echo 'abc...1235abc..' | wc -c``` 



### $ zip

`$ zip -er ZIP.zip file1 dir1 file2` - Zip files with password protecting 



zip files in directory with the same name as parent dir

```bash

$ zip -erv "$(basename `pwd`).zip" production.*

$ Enter password:

$ Verify password:

$ rsync -v "$(basename `pwd`).zip" USER_NAME@SERVER:PATH && rm -rvf "$(basename `pwd`).zip"

$ Password:

```

  

  

  

  $ swiftc

  

   Compilte swift file with generating dSym file 


    ```$ swiftc -g file.swift``` 


   Run executable using lldb debugger


    ```$ lldb file``` 


   Load dSym file 


    ```(lldb) add-dsym ``` 


   Print backtrace 


    ```(lldb) thread backtrace``` 



      

---



  $ find

  

   Find files matched pattern `*.ipa` and extract to directory named `filename.unz` 


    ```$ find . -name '*.ipa' -exec sh -c 'unzip -d `basename {}`.unz {}' \; ``` 


   Find files with matched patterh `*.txt` and copy to CGL-28825 directory 


    `$ find ./UnitTests/ -name '*.txt' -exec sh -c 'cp {} CGL-28825/{}' \; ` 


   Find duplicated files in the directory 


    `$ find . ! -empty -type f -exec md5 {} + | sort | uniq -d` 


   Find in current folder the folders that were modified 182 days ago and delete them 


    `$ find ./ -maxdepth 1 -type d -ctime +182 -exec rm -rfv {} \;` 


   Find in current folder PNG images and remove alpha channel. Adds white color to background. Overwrites!


    `$ find . -name '*.png' -exec sh -c 'convert {} -background white -alpha remove -alpha off {}' \;` 


   Find all Info.plist files and add new boolean false value 


    `$ find ./ -name Info.plist -exec sh -c '/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :test bool false" {}'  \;` 


    `$ find ./ -name Info.plist -exec sh -c '/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :my_key string \"\"" {}' \;` 


   Find example 


    `$ find ./ -type f -name '*.xib' -exec sed -i '' -e 's///g' {} +` 


    Resize *\*.png* images to size 800x600 and append to new file suffix 800x600.png


    `$ find ./ -name '*.png' -exec sh -c 'convert {} -resize 800x600! {}%.*_800x600.png' \;`

    Find in `Info.plist` file and print 1 line *A*fter


    `$ find ./ios/ -name 'Info.plist' -exec sh -c 'grep -A 1 -ir receiver_id {}' \;`


    Find unique files in directory and copy in another


    ```$ find ./ -type f -exec md5sum {} + | sort | awk '!c[substr($0, 1, 32)]++' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -I _ cp _ another_dir```


    Find file in the current directory which contains the multiple strings STR1,STR2,STR3


    ```$find ./ -type f -exec grep -l 'STR1' {} \; | xargs grep -l 'STR2' | xargs grep -l 'STR3' ```



      

---



  $ ls

  

   list files in one line 


    ```$ ls | tr "\n" " "

    ```



---



  $ jq

  

   Remove new lines from json 


    ```$ jq -c .

    ```


   Pretty print JSON 


    ```$ jq '.'

    ```



---



  $ sed

  

  Find all \*.txt files in dir and execute sed without backuping 


  ```bash

  $ find ./UnitTests/ -type f -name '*.txt' -exec sed -i '' -e 's/video_url_android/dash/g' {} +

  ```

  Extract minor number from version

  ```bash

  $ echo '1.2.3' | sed 's/\([0-9]\).[0-9].[0-9]/\1/'

  ```

  Extract substring `"Bench press"` from a string `"title": "Bench press"` 

  ```bash

  $ echo '"title": "Bench press"' | sed -ne 's/"title": \([a-z]+\)*//p'

  ```

  |   |   |   |

  |---|---|---|

  |`[[:space:]]*`|match the whitespace characters `` and ``|   |

  |   |   |   |

  |   |   |   |

  

  Extract version from `podspec` file

  ```bash

  $ sed -rn "s/.*([0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+).*/\1/p" [FILE].podspec

  ```

  Replace string from the stdin input

  ```bash

  $ sed 's/\&/\&/g'

  ```

  Replace digits A0 to "A0",

  ```bash

  $ pbpaste| sed 's/\([0-9A-F][0-9A-F]\) /"\1",/g'

  ```

  ```

  $ pbpaste| sed 's/\([0-9A-F]\{2,3\}\)[[:space:]]\{0,1\}/"\1",/g'

  ```

  Convert md5 sum string to list of bytes in hex format

  ```bash

  md5 -q Tests/Resources/1Mb | sed 's/\([0-9a-z][0-9a-z]\)/0x\1,/g'

  ```



---



  $ top

  

   Run `top` in non-interactive(batch) mode 


    ```$ top -l 1``` 



---



  $ clang

  

   Compile single `main.m` file to executable `prog` 


    ```$ clang -fobjc-arc main.m -o prog1``` 



---



  $ printf

  

   Tool for formatted output 


    ```$ printf '%-10.10s = %4.2f\n' 'Gigahertz' 1.92735``` 



---



  $ curl

  

   Download and find and count occurances of `regex_pattern` in response (by adding new line `\\\n`)

   ```bash

   $ curl  -v --silent 'http://awesome.com' 2>&1 | sed $'s/regex_pattern/regex_pattern\\\n/g' | grep -c 'regex_pattern'

   ```

   An example with query parameters 


   ```bash

   curl -X POST -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Authorization: Basic xxxxxxxx" -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" --data          'grant_type=clone&refresh_token=xxx-xxx&scope=client'  'https://SERVER_URL'

   ```



---



  $ grep

  

   Extract substring from string:

   ```bash

   $ grep -o -E '^[H](H|T|t)+-[0-9]{4}'

   ```

   Extract `123` from `versionCode 123`

   ```bash

   $ cat build.gradle | grep 'versionCode ' | grep -o -E '[0-9]+'

   ```

   Extract `"1.2.3"` from `versionName "1.2.3"`

   ```bash

   $ cat build.gradle | grep 'versionName ' | grep -o -E '\"[0-9].[0-9].[0-9]\"'

   ```

   Extract URL from `file`

   ```bash

   $ grep -o -E 'https://url.com/[?=;&_a-z0-9-]+' ../photos.txt

   ```

   Exclude directories during search

   ```bash

   $ grep --exclude-dir=Pods --exclude-dir=fastlane -ir 'https://' ./

   ```

   Find multiple patterns

   ```

   $ grep -e 'pattern1' -e 'pattern2' file

   ```



---



  $ nc

  

   Establish socket connection

   ```bash

   nc IP PORT 

   ```



---



  $ telnet

  

   Establish socket connection

   ```bash

   telnet IP PORT 

   ```



---



  $ nettop

  

   Listen the socket connection created by process with PID

   ```bash

   nettop -n -p PID

   ```



---



  $ venv

  

   Create python virtual envrironment

   ```bash

   python3 -m venv venv

   ```

   Activate virtual environment

   ```bash

  source env/bin/activate

  ```

  Stop virtual environment

  ```bash

  deactivate

  ```



---



### $ rsync

Sync images(png, PNG, jpg, JPG)  in 2 local folders

```bash

$  rsync -r --include="*.[Jj][Pp][Gg]" --include="*.[Pp][Nn][Gg]" --include="*/" --exclude="*" -av --progress FromDir1/ ToDir2/

```



### Formatting

Pretty print JSON string

```bash

$ echo '{"foo": "lorem", "bar": "ipsum"}' | python -m json.tool

```

```bash

echo $(python3 -c "import sys,json; print(json.load(sys.stdin)['fields']['summary'])" <<< ${RESPONSE})

```

Pretty print XML string

```bash

$ echo 'lorem' | xmllint --format -

```



### Emacs

`select region then M-| pbcopy RET` - copy from Emacs to OS X clipboard


`M-x hexl-find-file` - editing binary files (`delete-window`)


`M-x hexl-mode` - translate an existing buffer into hex



### Git-Emacs

`m` - mark the file the cursor is on ATM


`M` - mark all files in buffer


`u/DEL` - unmark file below/above


`R` - resolve conflicts during merge


`a` - add file to repository


`r` - remove file


`i` - add file to ignore list


`c` - commit


`U` - Undo -> revert file


`l` - see log file


`g` - refresh the status buffer


`q` - quit status buffer


`?` - get help!



### Emacs-Magit



  Emacs-Magit



  `M-x magit-process-buffer` - to show the output of recently run git commands


  `M-x magit-section-cycle-diffs` - to expand all diffs


  `l-l b-b` - checkout selected commit in history



### Midnight Commander

`ESC+o` - open directory in another panel 



### Xcode. Setup template commands

Rename class prefix occurances in the folder.

``` bash

$ find ./ -type f -exec sed -i "" -e 's/CLConfirmLogout/___VARIABLE_productName:identifier___/g' {} \;

```



## Xcode debugger

### Update view on debug

```objective-c

// stash a view (0x7f84c74ca870 address)

(lldb) e UIView *$cell = (UIView *)[0x7f84c74ca870 superview]

// set a new frame

(lldb) e (void)[$cell setFrame:(CGRect){0.f, 324.f, 10.f, 54.f}]

// set a new frame

(lldb) e (void)[$cell setFrame:(CGRect){0.f, 324.f, 10.f, 54.f}]

// update

(lldb) caflush frame

```



### Examining Variables

Show the contents of the local variable bar formatted as hex.

```

(lldb) frame variable --format x bar

(lldb) fr v -f x bar

```



### FFMPEG

Cut video of [duration]

```bash

$ ffmpeg -ss [start] -i in.mp4 -t [duration] -c copy out.mp4

```



Create gif image from movie

```

$ ffmpeg -ss 30 -t 3 -i input.mp4 -vf "fps=10,scale=320:-1:flags=lanczos,split[s0][s1];[s0]palettegen[p];[s1][p]paletteuse" -loop 0 output.gif

```

```

ffmpeg -ss 00:00:39.000 -i Screen\ Recording\ .mov -pix_fmt rgb24 -r 10 -s 320x240 -t 00:00:10.000 output.gif

```

* This example will skip the first 30 seconds (-ss 30) of the input and create a 3 second output (-t 3).

* fps filter sets the frame rate. A rate of 10 frames per second is used in the example.

* scale filter will resize the output to 320 pixels wide and automatically determine the height while preserving the aspect ratio. The lanczos scaling algorithm is used in this example.

* palettegen and paletteuse filters will generate and use a custom palette generated from your input. These filters have many options, so refer to the links for a list of all available options and values. Also see the Advanced options section below.

* split filter will allow everything to be done in one command and avoids having to create a temporary PNG file of the palette.

* Control looping with -loop output option but the values are confusing. A value of 0 is infinite looping, -1 is no looping, and 1 will loop once meaning it will play twice. So a value of 10 will cause the GIF to play 11 times.

More info http://blog.pkh.me/p/21-high-quality-gif-with-ffmpeg.html