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https://github.com/inindev/nanopi-r5

stock debian arm64 linux for the nanopi r5c & r5s
https://github.com/inindev/nanopi-r5

arm arm64 debian debian-linux device-tree linux nanopi nanopi-r5c nanopi-r5s nvme u-boot

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stock debian arm64 linux for the nanopi r5c & r5s

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# nanopi-r5

#### *Stock Debian ARM64 Linux for the NanoPi R5C & R5S*



This stock Debian ARM64 Linux image is built directly from official packages using the Debian [Debootstrap](https://wiki.debian.org/Debootstrap) utility, see file `steps/install_rootfs_1st_stage.sh`.



Being an unmodified Debian build, patches are directly available from the Debian repos using the stock **apt** package manager, see function `file_apt_sources()` in file `steps/finalize_rootfs.sh`.



If you want to run true up-stream Debian Linux on your ARM64 device, this is the way to do it.



---

### debian bookworm setup







**1. download the appropriate image**

```

(R5C) wget https://github.com/inindev/nanopi-r5/releases/download/v12.0.3/nanopi-r5c_bookworm-1203.img.xz

(R5S) wget https://github.com/inindev/nanopi-r5/releases/download/v12.0.3/nanopi-r5s_bookworm-1203.img.xz

```







**2. determine the location of the target micro sd card**



 * before plugging-in device

```

ls -l /dev/sd*

ls: cannot access '/dev/sd*': No such file or directory

```



 * after plugging-in device

```

ls -l /dev/sd*

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 Mar 19 21:08 /dev/sda

```

* note: for mac, the device is ```/dev/rdiskX```







**3. in the case above, substitute 'a' for 'X' in the command below (for /dev/sda)**

```

sudo sh -c 'xzcat nanopi-r5s_bookworm-1203.img.xz > /dev/sdX && sync'

```



#### when the micro sd has finished imaging, eject and use it to boot the nanopi r5c or r5s to finish setup







**4. login account**

```

user: debian

pass: debian

```







**5. take updates**

```

sudo apt update

sudo apt upgrade

```







**6. create new admin account**

```

sudo adduser 

echo ' ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL' | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/

sudo chmod 440 /etc/sudoers.d/

```







**7. lockout and/or delete debian account**

```

sudo passwd -l debian

sudo chsh -s /usr/sbin/nologin debian

```



```

sudo deluser --remove-home debian

sudo rm /etc/sudoers.d/debian

```







**8. change hostname (optional)**

```

sudo nano /etc/hostname

sudo nano /etc/hosts

```







---

### booting from internal eMMC







Imaging the internal eMMC device involves booting from a removable MMC card and imaging the internal eMMC device. When booted, the removable MMC device is seen as ```/dev/mmcblk0``` and the internal eMMC device is seen as ```/dev/mmcblk1```







**1. boot from removable MMC**



Using the steps in the first section above, create a removable MMC card and boot using it. Note: If the internal eMMC device already has a bootable image on it, it will prefer to boot from that. To force the nanopi5 to boot from the removable MMC card you just made, hold the ```mask``` button down before applying power. Once successfully booted to the removable MMC, you will be able to see this by using the ```df``` command which will show /dev/mmcblk0p1 as the booted partition.







**2. download the appropriate image to the booted MMC card and image the internal eMMC**

```

(R5C) wget https://github.com/inindev/nanopi-r5/releases/download/v12.0.3/nanopi-r5c_bookworm-1203.img.xz

(R5S) wget https://github.com/inindev/nanopi-r5/releases/download/v12.0.3/nanopi-r5s_bookworm-1203.img.xz

sudo su

xzcat nanopi-r5s_bookworm-1203.img.xz > /dev/mmcblk1

```







Once imaging completes, shutdown, remove the MMC card and it will then boot using the internal eMMC device.



Note: Once booted, ```sudo apt update``` then ```sudo apt upgrade``` to get the latest updates from the debian repositories.







---

### booting from internal NVMe _(r5s only)_







Imaging the internal NVMe device involves booting from a removable MMC card and imaging the internal NVMe device. When booted, the internal NVMe device is seen as ```/dev/nvme0n1```







**1. boot from removable MMC**



Using the steps in the first section above, create a removable MMC card and boot using it. Note: If the internal eMMC device already has a bootable image on it, it will prefer to boot from that. To force the nanopi5 to boot from the removable MMC card you just made, hold the ```mask``` button down before applying power. Once successfully booted to the removable MMC, you will be able to see this by using the ```df``` command which will show /dev/mmcblk0p1 as the booted partition.







**2. download the image to the booted MMC card and image the internal NVMe**

```

wget https://github.com/inindev/nanopi-r5/releases/download/v12.0.3/nanopi-r5s_bookworm-1203.img.xz

sudo su

xzcat nanopi-r5s_bookworm-1203.img.xz > /dev/nvme0n1

```







**3. install u-boot to internal eMMC**



The last step is to prepare the internal eMMC to host u-boot. The eMMC must not contain a bootable partition or it will be preferred for boot over the internal NVMe. Start by downloading the two u-boot files:

```

wget https://github.com/inindev/nanopi-r5/releases/download/v12.0.3/idbloader-r5s.img

wget https://github.com/inindev/nanopi-r5/releases/download/v12.0.3/u-boot-r5s.itb

```



Erase the internal eMMC (the device is actually ```/dev/mmcblk1``` but X is placed where 1 belongs to prevent a copy paste mistake)

```

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblkX bs=1M count=1024

```



The internal eMMC is now erased, install u-boot (again, change X to 1):

```

sudo dd bs=4K seek=8 if=idbloader-r5s.img of=/dev/mmcblkX

sudo dd bs=4K seek=2048 if=u-boot-r5s.itb of=/dev/mmcblkX

```



**4. setup is now complete and the system is ready for use**



shutdown the device, remove the external mmc card, and restart the device



Note: Once booted, ```sudo apt update``` then ```sudo apt upgrade``` to get the latest updates from the debian repositories.







---

### building debian bookworm arm64 for the nanopi r5c / r5s from scratch







The build script uses docker and qemu to build an image compatible with arm64 devices,

even if you run it on a standard x86 machine.







**1. clone the repo**

```

git clone https://github.com/inindev/nanopi-r5.git

cd nanopi-r5

```







**2. run the debian build script**

```

(R5C) cd debian/nanopi-r5c

(R5S) cd debian/nanopi-r5s

sudo sh make_debian_img.sh

```

* note: edit the script at `debian/env.sh` to change various options: ```nano ../env.sh```







**3. the output if the build completes successfully**

```

mmc_2g.img.xz

```