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https://github.com/jeffasante/ant-colony-rl

An interactive ant colony simulation using reinforcement learning (Q-learning) implemented in JavaScript and HTML5 Canvas. Features real-time visualization of ants foraging for food, pheromone trails, and adaptive behavior over multiple episodes. Demonstrates emergent swarm intelligence and basic AI principles.
https://github.com/jeffasante/ant-colony-rl

mathematical-modelling q-learning-algorithm reinforcement-learning swarm-intelligence vanilla-javascript

Last synced: 9 months ago
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An interactive ant colony simulation using reinforcement learning (Q-learning) implemented in JavaScript and HTML5 Canvas. Features real-time visualization of ants foraging for food, pheromone trails, and adaptive behavior over multiple episodes. Demonstrates emergent swarm intelligence and basic AI principles.

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README 

          
# Ant Colony Simulation with Reinforcement Learning



## Overview

TThis project presents an **interactive simulation** of an ant colony, leveraging advanced **reinforcement learning** techniques. The model draws inspiration from the well-known [NetLogo Ants model](https://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/Ants), illustrating how a colony of ants can **adapt their foraging behavior** over time.



Through the use of a sophisticated **Q-learning algorithm**, the ants learn to efficiently:



- **Search for food** scattered across their environment.

- **Navigate obstacles** and optimize paths to food sources.

- **Return food to their nest**, enhancing the colony's survival.



### Swarm Intelligence



The simulation emphasizes **swarm intelligence**—a form of collective learning and decision-making based on decentralized, self-organized systems. This type of intelligence is seen in nature with:



- **Flocks of birds**, coordinating in unison.

- **Schools of fish**, reacting collectively to predators.



In the same way, the ants in this simulation **communicate indirectly** and **adapt** without centralized control, making individual decisions that result in complex, group-wide behaviors.



By applying **reinforcement learning** to these self-organizing behaviors, the project explores how simple agents can work together to solve complex problems, offering insights into **swarm intelligence** and its applications.



![Ant Colony Simulation](assets/simulation-components.png)



## Key Features

1. **Reinforcement Learning**: Utilizes Q-learning, allowing ants to improve their food-gathering strategies over time.

2. **Interactive Visualization**: Provides a real-time, graphical representation of the ant colony, food sources, and pheromone trails.

3. **Dynamic Environment**: Features multiple food sources that deplete over time, encouraging adaptive behavior.

4. **Pheromone System**: Implements a pheromone trail mechanism that influences ant movement and decision-making.

5. **Performance Metrics**: Tracks and displays various performance indicators such as total food collected, rewards, and exploration rate.



## Components



### Ant Agent

- Represents individual ants in the colony.

- Makes decisions based on the current state and learned Q-values.

- Collects food and deposits pheromones.



### Ant Colony

- Manages the overall simulation environment.

- Coordinates multiple ant agents.

- Handles food placement and pheromone evaporation.



### Q-Learning Algorithm

- Implements the core learning mechanism.

- Updates Q-values based on actions and rewards.

- Balances exploration and exploitation through an epsilon-greedy strategy.



### Visualization

- Renders the simulation grid, ants, food sources, and pheromone trails.

- Provides a real-time graph of food levels.

- Displays a scoreboard with current simulation statistics.








    Hive

    
Hive







    Ant with food spreading pheromone

    
Ant with Food Spreading Pheromone







    Food

    
Ant Without Food







    Food

    
Food








## How It Works

1. The simulation initializes with a set number of ants, food sources, and an empty pheromone grid.

2. Ants explore the environment, making decisions based on their current Q-values and the epsilon-greedy strategy.

3. When food is found, ants carry it back to the nest, leaving pheromone trails.

4. The Q-learning algorithm updates the ants' knowledge based on the rewards received.

5. Over time, ants learn more efficient paths to food sources.

6. The simulation runs for multiple episodes, with food sources resetting between episodes.



## Technical Implementation

- Built using HTML5 Canvas for rendering.

- Implemented in JavaScript for client-side execution.

- Utilizes asynchronous functions to load pre-trained Q-tables.

- Responsive design adapts to different screen sizes.



## Python Test Results

During the development phase, I conducted extensive tests using Python to optimize the reinforcement learning algorithm. My tests yielded the following key insights:



- The exploration rate stabilized after 42 episodes, indicating rapid learning and adaptation by the ant colony.

- I observed a significant improvement in food collection efficiency as the episodes progressed.



![Exploration Rate Graph](assets/exploration-rate-graph.png)



## Educational Value

This simulation serves as an educational tool to demonstrate:

- Principles of reinforcement learning in a visual, intuitive manner.

- Emergent behavior in multi-agent systems.

- The balance between exploration and exploitation in learning algorithms.

- How simple rules can lead to complex, adaptive behavior in biological-inspired systems.



## Use Case



This Ant Colony Reinforcement Learning Simulation has several practical applications and benefits:



1. **Optimization Problems**: The project demonstrates how reinforcement learning can be applied to solve complex optimization problems, such as finding the most efficient routes in logistics and supply chain management.



2. **Swarm Intelligence Research**: It serves as a platform for studying emergent behavior in swarm systems, which can be applied to fields like robotics and distributed computing.



3. **Educational Tool**: The simulation provides an interactive way to teach concepts of artificial intelligence, reinforcement learning, and complex adaptive systems to students and enthusiasts.



4. **Algorithm Development**: Researchers can use this simulation as a testbed for developing and refining new reinforcement learning algorithms.



5. **Nature-Inspired Computing**: The project showcases how biological systems can inspire computational methods, potentially leading to more efficient and adaptive AI systems.



## Technical Highlights



- Exploration rate stabilized after 42 episodes

- Significant improvement in food collection efficiency observed

- Demonstrates principles of reinforcement learning and emergent behavior



## Future Enhancements

- Implement obstacles or predators to create a more challenging environment.

- Add user controls to adjust simulation parameters in real-time.

- Incorporate different types of ants with specialized roles.

- Implement comparison modes between different learning algorithms.



## Demo

Experience the simulation firsthand: Ant Colony RL Demo



This Ant Colony Reinforcement Learning simulation provides an engaging and interactive way to explore the principles of machine learning and swarm intelligence, offering insights into both artificial intelligence and biological systems.