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https://github.com/kachayev/dataclasses-tensor
Easily serialize dataclasses to and from tensors (PyTorch, NumPy)
https://github.com/kachayev/dataclasses-tensor
ai machine-learning numpy pytorch tensor
Last synced: about 2 months ago
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Easily serialize dataclasses to and from tensors (PyTorch, NumPy)
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/kachayev/dataclasses-tensor
- Owner: kachayev
- License: mit
- Created: 2021-03-19T03:29:41.000Z (over 3 years ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2021-04-10T05:25:31.000Z (over 3 years ago)
- Last Synced: 2024-07-17T11:31:26.262Z (2 months ago)
- Topics: ai, machine-learning, numpy, pytorch, tensor
- Language: Python
- Homepage:
- Size: 35.2 KB
- Stars: 18
- Watchers: 3
- Forks: 0
- Open Issues: 0
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- License: LICENSE
Awesome Lists containing this project
README
# Dataclasses Tensor
The library provides a simple API for encoding and decoding Python [`dataclasses`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html) to and from tensors (PyTorch tensors or NumPy arrays) based on `typing` annotations.
Heavily inspired by [`dataclasses-json`](https://github.com/lidatong/dataclasses-json) package.
## Install
```shell
pip install dataclasses-tensor
```
## Quickstart
Tensor representation for a game state in Chess:
```python
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from enum import Enum
from typing import Optional, List
from dataclasses_tensor import dataclass_tensor, config
class Player(Enum):
WHITE = 0
BLACK = 1
class PieceType(Enum):
PAWN = 0
BISHOP = 1
KNIGHT = 2
ROOK = 3
QUEEN = 4
KING = 5
@dataclass
class Piece:
piece_type: PieceType
owner: Player
@dataclass_tensor
@dataclass
class Chess:
num_moves: float
next_move: Player
board: List[Optional[Piece]] = field(metadata=config(shape=(64,)))
```
Working with tensors:
```python
>>> state = Chess(100., next_move=Player.WHITE, board=[Piece(PieceType.KING, Player.BLACK)])
>>> t1 = state.to_numpy()
array([100., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0.,
1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1.,
...
>>> t1.shape
(579,)
>>> Chess.from_numpy(t1)
Chess(num_moves=100., next_move=, board=[Piece(piece_type=, owner=), ...])
```
## Types
### Data Classes
The library uses type annotations to determine appropriate encoding layout. Data class member variables serialized sequentially. See supported types listed below.
### Primitives (int, float, bool)
The library supports numerical primitives (`int`, `float`) and `bool`. Strings and byte arrays are not supported.
Warning: be careful with tensor `dtype` as an implicit type conversion could potentially lead to losing information (for example, writing `float` into `int32` tensor and reading it back won't produce expected result).
### Enums
Python [`Enums`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/enum.html) are encoded using one-hot encoding.
```python
>>> from dataclasses_tensor import dataclass_tensor
>>> from dataclasses import dataclass
>>> from enum import Enum
>>>
>>> class Matrix(Enum):
... THE_MATRIX = 1
... RELOADED = 2
... REVOLUTIONS = 3
...
>>> @dataclass_tensor
... @dataclass
... class WatchList:
... matrix: Matrix
...
>>> WatchList(Matrix.RELOADED).to_numpy()
array([0., 0., 1.])
>>> WatchList.from_numpy(_)
WatchList(matrix=)
```
### Optional
[`typing.Optional`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Optional) type is encoded using additional dimension prior to the main datatype.
```python
>>> from typing import Optional
>>>
>>> @dataclass_tensor
... @dataclass
... class MaybeWatchList:
... matrix: Optional[Matrix]
>>>
>>> MaybeWatchList(Matrix.RELOADED).to_numpy()
array([0., 0., 1., 0.])
>>> MaybeWatchList.from_numpy([0., 0., 1., 0.])
MaybeWatchList(matrix=)
>>> MaybeWatchList.from_numpy([1., 0., 0., 0.])
MaybeWatchList(matrix=None)
```
The layout described for `Optional[Enum]` is consistent with having `None` as additional option into enumeration.
### Arrays
Arrays, defined either using [`typing.List`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.List) or `[]` (supported in Python3.9+), require size to be statically provided. See example:
```python
>>> from typing import List
>>> from dataclasses_tensor import config
>>> @dataclass_tensor
... @dataclass
... class MultipleWatchList:
... matrices: List[Matrix] = field(metadata=config(shape=(2,)))
>>>
>>> MultipleWatchList([Matrix.THE_MATRIX, Matrix.RELOADED]).to_numpy()
array([1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0.])
>>> MultipleWatchList.from_numpy([1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0.])
MultipleWatchList(matrices=[, ])
```
Nested lists are supported, note multidimensional `shape` configuration:
```python
>>> @dataclass_tensor
... @dataclass
... class MultipleWatchList:
... matrices: List[List[Matrix]] = field(metadata=config(shape=(1,2)))
>>>
>>> MultipleWatchList([[Matrix.THE_MATRIX, Matrix.RELOADED]]).to_numpy()
array([1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0.])
>>> MultipleWatchList.from_numpy([1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0.])
MultipleWatchList(matrices=[[, ]])
```
If `List` argument is `Optional`, the list is automatically padded to the right shape with `None`s.
```python
>>> @dataclass_tensor
... @dataclass
... class MaybeMultipleWatchList:
... matrices: List[Optional[Matrix]] = field(metadata=config(shape=(3,)))
>>>
>>> MaybeMultipleWatchList([Matrix.THE_MATRIX, Matrix.RELOADED]).to_numpy()
array([0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0.])
>>> MaybeMultipleWatchList.from_numpy([0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0.])
MaybeMultipleWatchList(matrices=[, , None])
```
### Union
[`typing.Union`]() is encoded by allocating one-hot tensor to determine which option from the union is given following by corresponding layouts for all options.
```python
>>> from typing import Union
>>>
>>> class Batman(Enum):
... BEGINS = 1
... DARK_KNIGHT = 2
... DARK_KINGHT_RISES = 3
...
>>> @dataclass_tensor
... @dataclass
... class WatchList:
... next_movie: Union[Matrix, Batman]
...
>>> WatchList(Matrix.RELOADED).to_numpy()
array([1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0.])
>>> WatchList.from_numpy(_)
WatchList(next_movie=)
>>> WatchList(Batman.DARK_KNIGHT).to_numpy()
array([0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0.])
>>> WatchList.from_numpy(_)
WatchList(next_movie=)
```
Decoding is a fairly straigtforward process though encoding might be somewhat problematic: Python's `typing` is not designed to provide separation-by-construction for union types. The library uses simple `isinstance` checks to test out all types provided against a given value, first match is used. The library does not traverse generics, origins, supertypes, etc. So, be diligent defining of `Union`.
### Recursive Definitions
Recursive definitions, like linked lists, trees, graphs etc, are **not supported**. From a usability and performance point of view, it's crucial for encoder/decoder to be able to evaluate statically output tensor size.
## Targets
The library supports the following containers as tensors:
* [NumPy ndarray](https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.array.html) with `to_numpy`/`from_numpy`
* [PyTorch tensors](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/tensors.html) with `to_torch`/`from_torch`
The best way to work with [TensorFlow tensors](https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/Tensor) is to use NumPy ndarrays and convert result with `tensorflow.convert_to_tensor` (as the tensor stored in memory as a ndarray anywyas).
Note, that dependencies are not installed with the library itself (TensorFlow, PyTorch or NumPy) and should be provided at runtime.
## Performance
Tensor layout is not cached and is computed for each operation. When performing a lot of operations with class definition staying the same, it makes sense to re-use layout. For example:
```python
>>> class Matrix(Enum):
... THE_MATRIX = 1
... RELOADED = 2
... REVOLUTIONS = 3
...
>>> @dataclass_tensor
... @dataclass
... class WatchList:
... matrix: Matrix
...
>>> layout = WatchList.tensor_layout()
>>> WatchList(Matrix.RELOADED).to_numpy(tensor_layout=layout)
array([0., 0., 1.])
>>> WatchList.from_numpy(_, tensor_layout=layout)
WatchList(matrix=)
```
## Advanced Features
### Dtype
The library supports float and integer (long) tensors. The data type could be specified either as a parameter to the `dataclass_tensor` decorator (applied to all operations) or independently as an argument to `to_tensor` function call. See examples below.
`dtype` argument is passed to the corresponding target library, e.g. NumPy ([docs](https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.dtypes.html)), PyTorch ([docs](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/tensor_attributes.html#torch.torch.dtype)) or TensorFlow.
```python
>>> class Matrix(Enum):
... THE_MATRIX = 1
... RELOADED = 2
... REVOLUTIONS = 3
...
>>> @dataclass_tensor
... @dataclass
... class WatchList:
... matrix: Matrix
...
>>> WatchList(Matrix.RELOADED).to_numpy()
array([0., 0., 1.], dtype=float32)
>>> WatchList(Matrix.RELOADED).to_numpy(dtype="int32")
array([0, 0, 1], dtype=int32)
```
or with defaults setup in a decorator
```python
>>> class Matrix(Enum):
... THE_MATRIX = 1
... RELOADED = 2
... REVOLUTIONS = 3
...
>>> @dataclass_tensor(dtype="int32")
... @dataclass
... class WatchList:
... matrix: Matrix
...
>>> WatchList(Matrix.RELOADED).to_numpy()
array([0, 0, 1], dtype=int32)
```
### Batch
To create batch, use `batch=True` parameter. See examples:
```python
>>> class Matrix(Enum):
... THE_MATRIX = 1
... RELOADED = 2
... REVOLUTIONS = 3
...
>>> @dataclass_tensor
... @dataclass
... class WatchList:
... matrix: Matrix
...
>>> WatchList.to_numpy([
... WatchList(Matrix.THE_MATRIX),
... WatchList(Matrix.RELOADED),
... ], batch=True)
array([[1., 0., 0.],
[0., 1., 0.]], dtype=float32)
>>> WatchList.from_numpy(_, batch=True)
[WatchList(next_move=),
WatchList(next_move=)]
```
`batch_size` could be used to provide length hint (to ensure good performance when working with generators):
```python
>>> WatchList.to_numpy((
... WatchList(Matrix.THE_MATRIX),
... WatchList(Matrix.RELOADED),
... ), batch_size=2)
array([[1., 0., 0.],
[0., 1., 0.]], dtype=float32)
>>> WatchList.from_numpy(_, batch_size=2)
[WatchList(next_move=),
WatchList(next_move=)]
```
### Custom Attribute Resolver
TBD
## TODO
- [ ] Field configuration to pack `int` into a categorical variable
- [ ] Custom attribute resolver (e.g. from dict instead of class instance)
- [ ] Pretty-print for tensor layout object
## Contributing
* Check for open issues or open a fresh issue to start a discussion around a feature idea or a bug.
* Fork the repository on Github & branch from `main` to `feature-*` to start making your changes.
* Write a test which shows that the bug was fixed or that the feature works as expected.
or simply...
* Use it.
* Enjoy it.
* Spread the word.
# Citing dataclasses-tensor
Please use this bibtex if you want to cite this repository in your publications:
```
@misc{dataclassestensor,
author = {Oleksii Kachaiev},
title = {{dataclasses-tensor - Library to serialize Python dataclasses to and from tensors (PyTorch, NumPy)}},
year = {2021},
publisher = {GitHub},
journal = {GitHub repository},
howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/kachayev/dataclasses-tensor}},
}
```
## License
Copyright © 2021, Oleksii Kachaiev.
`dataclasses-tensor` is licensed under the MIT license, available at MIT and also in the LICENSE file.