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https://github.com/kinshuk-code-1729/linux-training-sessions

Linux Training 2023 : This repository contains all the linux commands with outputs day wise in the script files as well as details of each command in the description.
https://github.com/kinshuk-code-1729/linux-training-sessions

bash linux linux-os shell-scripts ubuntu

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Linux Training 2023 : This repository contains all the linux commands with outputs day wise in the script files as well as details of each command in the description.

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# ✨ Linux-Training-Sessions ✨



![Linux](https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRcQi5xDarbYb4_p0yGpJ_29w6aHlBopNGD7g&usqp=CAU)



## ⚛️ Day 1 Commands :

- ***cal* :** Prints an ASCII calendar of the given month or year.

- **_date_ :** Displays the current date and time.

- ***echo* :** Displays lines of text or string which are passed as arguments on the command line.

- **_clear_ :** Brings the command line on top of the computer terminal.

- ***script* :** Makes typescript or records all the terminal activities.

- **_ls_ :** Lists directory contents of files and directories.

- ***who* :** Prints information about users who are currently logged in.

- **_whoami_ :** Allows Linux users to see the currently logged-in user.

- ***tty* :**  Any terminal on Linux/Unix systems.

- **_uname & uname -r_ :** displays the information about the system. Option -r displays the Linux kernel release info.

- ***cd* (change directory) :** Used to move efficiently from the current working directory to different directories in our System.

- **_mkdir_ :** Creates multiple directories in the current location.

- ***rmdir* :** Removes the directory, specified by the Directory parameter, from the system.

- **_rm -r_ :** It will recursively delete a directory and all its contents.



## ⚛️ Day 2 Commands :

- **_man_ :** Used to display the user manual of any command that we can run on the terminal.

- ***ls* options :**

  - **_ls -l_ :** Displays the contents of the current directory in a long listing format, one per line (show permissions).

  - **_ls -a_ :** Lists all files including hidden files _(files with names beginning with a dot)._

  - **_ls -author_ :** Lists the contents in the specified directory along with its owner.

  - **_ls -C_ :** Lists entries by columns.

  - **_ls -d_ :** Lists directories - with ' */'.

  - **_ls -r_ :** It is used to print the list in reverse order.

- **file creation through *cat* command :**

  - **_cat >_** (to overwrite)

  - **_cat >>_** (to append)

  - **_cat_** (to view)

- Empty file creation using ***touch*** command.

- ***cp*** : **cp** stands for a copy. This command is used to copy files or groups of files or directories.

- ***mv*** : Moves files and directories from one directory to another or renames a file or directory.

- ***file*** : Used to determine the type of a file.

- ***wc* command :** (stands for word count)

  - **_wc -l_ :** Prints the number of lines in a file.

  - **_wc -w_ :** Prints the number of words in a file.

  - **_wc -c_ :** Displays the count of bytes in a file.

  - **_wc -m_ :** Prints the count of characters from a file.

  - **_wc -L_ :** Prints only the length of the longest line in a file.

- **_cmp :_** Used to compare two files _byte by byte_ and helps to find out whether the two files are identical or not.

- **_comm :_** Compares two sorted files line by line and writes to standard output; the lines that are common and the lines that are unique.

- **_sort :_** Prints the lines of its input or concatenation of all files listed in its argument list in sorted order.

- **redirection operator _>_**

- ***rm -i*** for interactive deletion of any file.

- **character class :**

  - ????? placeholders

  - asterisks(**) to denote all



## ⚛️ Day 3 Commands :

- ***chmod* (change mode) :**

  - **relative permission :** ('+' symbol is used _add_ and '-' symbol is used to _remove_ a specific permission from _user_ , _group_ or _others_.)

    - using ***±r*** or ***±w*** or ***±x*** with ***ugo*** or ***a***. ( **_'a'_** stands for **all** , i.e., **_'u'_(user)**, **_'g'_(group)** & **_'o'_(others)**. )

    - using ***ugo/a*** = ***±r*** or ***±w*** or ***±x***.

  - **absolute permission using numbers :**

    - **4 : read (*r--*)**

    - **2 : write (*-w-*)**

    - **1 : execute (*--x*)**

      - **3 (2+1) : write & execute (*-wx*)**

      - **5 (4+1) : read & execute (*r-x*)**

      - **6 (4+2) : read & write (*rw-*)**

      - **7 (4+2+1) : read, write & execute (*rwx*)**

- ***chmod -R* :** To assign same permissions of **root directory** to **sub-directories.**

- ***umask* :** The umask command sets the file-creation mask using this format:

  - where mask is an **octal number** or **symbolic value** that correspond to the permissions to be disabled.

  - This umask command adds **write permission to the group**:

    - With **no arguments,** umask displays the **current** value.

- ***ls -ls***

- **redirection of output using *>* and *>>***

- **Character class :**

  - **[0-9]** for digits (same as **[!a-z]**).

  - **[a-z]** for chars (same as **[!0-9]**).



## ⚛️ Day 4 Commands :

- **Linux- Vi Editor** _(it has three modes of operation)_ :

  - **_Command mode_ :** Operations such as cut, copy, paste, delete, undo, redo etc.

  - **_Insert mode_ :** Type in new text.

  - **_Esc mode_ :** Extended commands for saving, exiting,  search-and-replace can executed here.

- _vi _ to open a file.

- **Input Mode Commands :**

  - **_i :_** Insert text to left of the cursor(Existing text shifted right).

  - **_a :_** Append text to right of cursor(Existing text shifted right).

  - **_I :_** Insert text at the beginning of line.

  - **_A_** : Append text at the end of the line.

  - **_o_** : Open line below.

  - **_O_** : Open line above

  - **_rch_** : Replaces single character under cursor with ch.

  - **_R_** : Replaces text from cursor to right.

  - **_s_** : Replaces single character under cursor with any number of characters.

  - **_S_** : Replaces entire line.

 

## ⚛️ Day 5 Commands :

- **_grep_** command in pattern matching :

  - ***grep -v* :** Selects the non-matching lines of the provided input pattern.

  - ***grep -e* :** Union two grep patterns.

  - ***grep -n* :** Prefix each line of the matching output with the line number in the input file.

  - ***grep -c* :** Count number of lines matching to given pattern.

  - ***grep -i* :** Ignores case distinctions in patterns and input data.

  - ***grep "^pattern"*** (find specified pattern at the beginning).

  - ***grep "pattern$"*** (find specified pattern at the end).

  - ***grep "pattern1"*** |grep "pattern2"   (pipe operator redirection used).



## ⚛️ Day 6 Commands :

- **/dev/null** (special file of linux that has size of 0 bytes it's works like insularator)

- **/dev/tty** (represent the own terminal)

- | (pipe command)

- (

   ls | wc -l

   who |wc -l

  )

- **tee**

- ls |tee file



- **Command Substitution {`}**

- echo "Number of files are **{`ls |wc -l }** in present directorty"



- **Shell Variables**

- $x 

- expr $x + $y

- expr $x - $y

- expr $x \* $y

- expr $x / $y



- exit status of last command

 echo $?

(

0 -- for successful

1 -- for i=unsuccessful

)



- x=20;y=30;z=40;m=20

- test $x -eq $y;echo $?   	(equals)

- test $x -ne $y;echo $?		(not equals)

- test $x -gt $y;echo $?		(greater than)

- test $x -lt $y;echo $?		(less than)

- test $x -ge $y;echo $?		(greater than or equals to)

- test $x -le $y;echo $?		(less than or equals to)



- who|tee /dev/tty|wc -l

- ls |tee /dev/tty|grep -l "poem" *|wc -l >count

- cat file>file  (earse all the content of file)



## ⚛️ Day 7 Commands :



## ⚛️ Day 8 Commands :

- process command **ps**

- ps - l

- ps -f (full screen )

- ps -e (all process )

- kill process_id

- kill -9 process_id  (super kill)

- & (at the end of command to make it background process)

- process scheduling

- at (for one time scheduling)

- batch

- crontab