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https://github.com/kubernetes-monitoring/kubernetes-mixin

A set of Grafana dashboards and Prometheus alerts for Kubernetes.
https://github.com/kubernetes-monitoring/kubernetes-mixin

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A set of Grafana dashboards and Prometheus alerts for Kubernetes.

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# Prometheus Monitoring Mixin for Kubernetes



[![ci](https://github.com/kubernetes-monitoring/kubernetes-mixin/actions/workflows/ci.yaml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/kubernetes-monitoring/kubernetes-mixin/actions/workflows/ci.yaml)



> NOTE: This project is *pre-release* stage. Flags, configuration, behaviour and design may change significantly in following releases.



A set of Grafana dashboards and Prometheus alerts for Kubernetes.



## Releases



| Release branch | Kubernetes Compatibility | Prometheus Compatibility | Kube-state-metrics Compatibility |

|----------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|----------------------------------|

| release-0.1    | v1.13 and before         |                          |                                  |

| release-0.2    | v1.14.1 and before       | v2.11.0+                 |                                  |

| release-0.3    | v1.17 and before         | v2.11.0+                 |                                  |

| release-0.4    | v1.18                    | v2.11.0+                 |                                  |

| release-0.5    | v1.19                    | v2.11.0+                 |                                  |

| release-0.6    | v1.19+                   | v2.11.0+                 |                                  |

| release-0.7    | v1.19+                   | v2.11.0+                 | v1.x                             |

| release-0.8    | v1.20+                   | v2.11.0+                 | v2.0+                            |

| release-0.9    | v1.20+                   | v2.11.0+                 | v2.0+                            |

| release-0.10   | v1.20+                   | v2.11.0+                 | v2.0+                            |

| release-0.11   | v1.23+                   | v2.11.0+                 | v2.0+                            |

| release-0.12   | v1.23+                   | v2.11.0+                 | v2.0+                            |

| release-0.13   | v1.23+                   | v2.11.0+                 | v2.0+                            |

| master         | v1.26+                   | v2.11.0+                 | v2.0+                            |



In Kubernetes 1.14 there was a major [metrics overhaul](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/issues/1206) implemented. Therefore v0.1.x of this repository is the last release to support Kubernetes 1.13 and previous version on a best effort basis.



Some alerts now use Prometheus filters made available in Prometheus 2.11.0, which makes this version of Prometheus a dependency.



Warning: This compatibility matrix was initially created based on experience, we do not guarantee the compatibility, it may be updated based on new learnings.



Warning: By default the expressions will generate *grafana 7.2+* compatible rules using the *$__rate_interval* variable for rate functions. If you need backward compatible rules please set *grafana72: false* in your *_config*



## How to use



This mixin is designed to be vendored into the repo with your infrastructure config. To do this, use [jsonnet-bundler](https://github.com/jsonnet-bundler/jsonnet-bundler):



You then have three options for deploying your dashboards

1. Generate the config files and deploy them yourself

2. Use ksonnet to deploy this mixin along with Prometheus and Grafana

3. Use prometheus-operator to deploy this mixin (TODO)



## Generate config files



You can manually generate the alerts, dashboards and rules files, but first you must install some tools:



```

$ go install github.com/jsonnet-bundler/jsonnet-bundler/cmd/jb@latest

$ brew install jsonnet

```



Then, grab the mixin and its dependencies:



```

$ git clone https://github.com/kubernetes-monitoring/kubernetes-mixin

$ cd kubernetes-mixin

$ jb install

```



Finally, build the mixin:



```

$ make prometheus_alerts.yaml

$ make prometheus_rules.yaml

$ make dashboards_out

```



The `prometheus_alerts.yaml` and `prometheus_rules.yaml` file then need to passed to your Prometheus server, and the files in `dashboards_out` need to be imported into you Grafana server. The exact details will depending on how you deploy your monitoring stack to Kubernetes.



### Dashboards for Windows Nodes



There exist separate dashboards for windows resources.

1) Compute Resources / Cluster(Windows)

2) Compute Resources / Namespace(Windows)

3) Compute Resources / Pod(Windows)

4) USE Method / Cluster(Windows)

5) USE Method / Node(Windows)



These dashboards are based on metrics populated by [windows-exporter](https://github.com/prometheus-community/windows_exporter) from each Windows node.



## Running the tests



```sh

make test

```



## Using with prometheus-ksonnet



Alternatively you can also use the mixin with [prometheus-ksonnet](https://github.com/kausalco/public/tree/master/prometheus-ksonnet), a [ksonnet](https://github.com/ksonnet/ksonnet) module to deploy a fully-fledged Prometheus-based monitoring system for Kubernetes:



Make sure you have the ksonnet v0.8.0:



```

$ brew install https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ksonnet/homebrew-tap/82ef24cb7b454d1857db40e38671426c18cd8820/ks.rb

$ brew pin ks

$ ks version

ksonnet version: v0.8.0

jsonnet version: v0.9.5

client-go version: v1.6.8-beta.0+$Format:%h$

```



In your config repo, if you don't have a ksonnet application, make a new one (will copy credentials from current context):



```

$ ks init 

$ cd 

$ ks env add default

```



Grab the kubernetes-jsonnet module using and its dependencies, which include the kubernetes-mixin:



```

$ go get github.com/jsonnet-bundler/jsonnet-bundler/cmd/jb

$ jb init

$ jb install github.com/kausalco/public/prometheus-ksonnet

```



Assuming you want to run in the default namespace ('environment' in ksonnet parlance), add the follow to the file `environments/default/main.jsonnet`:



```jsonnet

local prometheus = import "prometheus-ksonnet/prometheus-ksonnet.libsonnet";



prometheus {

  _config+:: {

    namespace: "default",

  },

}

```



Apply your config:



```

$ ks apply default

```



## Using prometheus-operator



TODO



## Multi-cluster support



Kubernetes-mixin can support dashboards across multiple clusters. You need either a multi-cluster [Thanos](https://github.com/improbable-eng/thanos) installation with `external_labels` configured or a [Cortex](https://github.com/cortexproject/cortex) system where a cluster label exists. To enable this feature you need to configure the following:



```jsonnet

    // Opt-in to multiCluster dashboards by overriding this and the clusterLabel.

    showMultiCluster: true,

    clusterLabel: '',

```



## Customising the mixin



Kubernetes-mixin allows you to override the selectors used for various jobs, to match those used in your Prometheus set. You can also customize the dashboard names and add grafana tags.



In a new directory, add a file `mixin.libsonnet`:



```jsonnet

local kubernetes = import "kubernetes-mixin/mixin.libsonnet";



kubernetes {

  _config+:: {

    kubeStateMetricsSelector: 'job="kube-state-metrics"',

    cadvisorSelector: 'job="kubernetes-cadvisor"',

    nodeExporterSelector: 'job="kubernetes-node-exporter"',

    kubeletSelector: 'job="kubernetes-kubelet"',

    grafanaK8s+:: {

      dashboardNamePrefix: 'Mixin / ',

      dashboardTags: ['kubernetes', 'infrastucture'],

    },

  },

}

```



Then, install the kubernetes-mixin:



```

$ jb init

$ jb install github.com/kubernetes-monitoring/kubernetes-mixin

```



Generate the alerts, rules and dashboards:



```

$ jsonnet -J vendor -S -e 'std.manifestYamlDoc((import "mixin.libsonnet").prometheusAlerts)' > alerts.yml

$ jsonnet -J vendor -S -e 'std.manifestYamlDoc((import "mixin.libsonnet").prometheusRules)' >files/rules.yml

$ jsonnet -J vendor -m files/dashboards -e '(import "mixin.libsonnet").grafanaDashboards'

```



### Customising alert annotations



The steps described below extend on the existing mixin library without modifying the original git repository. This is to make consuming updates to your extended alert definitions easier. These definitions can reside outside of this repository and added to your own custom location, where you can define your alert dependencies in your `jsonnetfile.json` and add customisations to the existing definitions.



In your working directory, create a new file `kubernetes_mixin_override.libsonnet` with the following:



```jsonnet

local utils = import 'lib/utils.libsonnet';

(import 'mixin.libsonnet') +

(

  {

    prometheusAlerts+::

      // The specialAlerts can be in any other config file

      local slack = 'observability';

      local specialAlerts = {

        KubePodCrashLooping: { slack_channel: slack },

        KubePodNotReady: { slack_channel: slack },

      };



      local addExtraAnnotations(rule) = rule {

        [if 'alert' in rule then 'annotations']+: {

          dashboard: 'https://foo.bar.co',

          [if rule.alert in specialAlerts then 'slack_channel']: specialAlerts[rule.alert].slack_channel,

        },

      };

      utils.mapRuleGroups(addExtraAnnotations),

  }

)

```



Create new file: `lib/kubernetes_customised_alerts.jsonnet` with the following:



```jsonnet

std.manifestYamlDoc((import '../kubernetes_mixin_override.libsonnet').prometheusAlerts)

```



Running `jsonnet -S lib/kubernetes_customised_alerts.jsonnet` will build the alerts with your customisations.



Same result can be achieved by modyfying the existing `config.libsonnet` with the content of `kubernetes_mixin_override.libsonnet`.



## Background



### Alert Severities



While the community has not yet fully agreed on alert severities and their to be used, this repository assumes the following paradigms when setting the severities:



* Critical: An issue, that needs to page a person to take instant action

* Warning: An issue, that needs to be worked on but in the regular work queue or for during office hours rather than paging the oncall

* Info: Is meant to support a trouble shooting process by informing about a non-normal situation for one or more systems but not worth a page or ticket on its own.



### Architecture and Technical Decisions



* For more motivation, see "[The RED Method: How to instrument your services](https://kccncna17.sched.com/event/CU8K/the-red-method-how-to-instrument-your-services-b-tom-wilkie-kausal?iframe=no&w=100%&sidebar=yes&bg=no)" talk from CloudNativeCon Austin.

* For more information about monitoring mixins, see this [design doc](DESIGN.md).



## Note



You can use the external tool call [prom-metrics-check](https://github.com/ContainerSolutions/prom-metrics-check) to validate the created dashboards. This tool allows you to check if the metrics installed and used in Grafana dashboards exist in the Prometheus instance. Please have a look at https://github.com/ContainerSolutions/prom-metrics-check.