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https://github.com/llitfkitfk/nginx-cookbook
nginx使用手册
https://github.com/llitfkitfk/nginx-cookbook
cookbook nginx
Last synced: 7 days ago
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nginx使用手册
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/llitfkitfk/nginx-cookbook
- Owner: llitfkitfk
- Created: 2022-08-16T03:50:49.000Z (over 2 years ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2022-08-24T04:01:08.000Z (over 2 years ago)
- Last Synced: 2024-11-09T21:44:57.227Z (2 months ago)
- Topics: cookbook, nginx
- Homepage:
- Size: 10.7 KB
- Stars: 2
- Watchers: 2
- Forks: 0
- Open Issues: 0
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
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README
# Nginx 使用手册
## 目录
- [1. Nginx 基础](#1-nginx-基础)
- [1.1 安装](#11-安装)
- [1.2 相关文件](#12-相关文件)
- [1.3 命令](#13-命令)
- [1.4 静态文件服务](#14-静态文件服务)
- [2. 负载均衡](#2-负载均衡)
- [2.1 HTTP 负载均衡](#21-http-负载均衡)
- [2.2 TCP 负载均衡](#22-tcp-负载均衡)
- [2.3 UDP 负载均衡](#23-udp-负载均衡)
- [2.4 负载均衡方法](#24-负载均衡方法)
- [3. 流量管理](#3-流量管理)
- [3.1 A/B 测试](#31-ab-测试)
- [3.2 限制连接数](#32-限制连接数)
- [3.3 限制速率](#33-限制速率)
- [3.4 限制带宽](#34-限制带宽)
### 1. Nginx 基础
#### 1.1 安装
```
# 安装nginx包
apt-get install -y nginx
# 开机启动
systemctl enable nginx
# 开启nginx服务
systemctl start nginx
```
- docker 容器
```
docker run -d -p 80:80 -p 443:443 --name nginx nginx
```
#### 1.2 相关文件
```
# 默认配置路径
/etc/nginx
# 默认配置文件
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# 默认http服务配置文件
/etc/nginx/conf.d/
# 默认日志文件
/var/log/nginx/
```
#### 1.3 命令
```
# 测试配置文件
nginx -t
# 动态命令 stop/quit/reload/reopen
nginx -s
# 动态重载
nginx -s reload
```
#### 1.4 静态文件服务
```
server {
listen 80 default_server;
# www.gokit.info 可以改为其他domain
server_name www.gokit.info;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
```
### 2. 负载均衡
#### 2.1 HTTP 负载均衡
```
# 文件: /etc/nginx/conf.d/http_load_balancing_test.conf
upstream backend {
server 192.168.100.101:80 weight=1;
server web.gokit.info:80 weight=2;
server web2.gokit.info:80 backup;
}
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
}
```
#### 2.2 TCP 负载均衡
```
# 文件: /etc/nginx/stream.conf.d/tcp_load_balancing_test.conf
upstream redis_read {
server redis1.gokit.info:6789 weight=5;
server redis2.gokit.info:6789;
server 192.168.100.101:6789 backup;
}
server {
listen 6789;
proxy_pass redis_read;
}
```
- 注意如果使用 tcp 负载均衡
需要在/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 文件内添加 stream 模块
```
user nginx;
...
events {
...
}
# 添加以下内容
stream {
include /etc/nginx/stream.conf.d/*.conf;
}
# 添加以上内容
http {
...
}
```
#### 2.3 UDP 负载均衡
```
# 文件: /etc/nginx/stream.conf.d/udp_load_balancing_test.conf
upstream ntp {
server ntp1.gokit.info:456 weight=2;
server ntp1.gokit.info:456;
}
server {
listen 456 udp;
proxy_pass ntp;
}
```
#### 2.4 负载均衡方法
- Round robin - 轮询 (默认)
```
upstream backend {
server backend1.gokit.info;
server backend2.gokit.info;
}
```
- Least connections - 最少连接
```
upstream backend {
least_conn;
server backend1.gokit.info;
server backend2.gokit.info;
}
```
- IP hash - IP 散列
```
upstream backend {
ip_hash;
server backend1.gokit.info;
server backend2.gokit.info;
}
```
### 3. 流量管理
#### 3.1 A/B 测试
```
http {
split_clients "${remote_addr}" $site_root_folder {
20% "/var/www/site1"
* "/var/www/site2"
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name static-test.gokit.info;
root $site_root_folder;
location / {
index index.html;
}
}
split_clients "${remote_addr}AAA" $variant {
20% "backendv2";
* "backendv1";
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name proxy-test.gokit.info;
location / {
proxy_pass http://$variant;
}
}
}
```
#### 3.2 限制连接数
```
http {
limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=limitbyaddr:16m;
limit_conn_status 429; # 429 Too Many Requests
server {
limit_conn limitbyaddr 40;
}
}
```
#### 3.3 限制速率
```
http {
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=limitbyaddr:16m rate=4r/s;
limit_req_status 429;
server {
limit_req zone=limitbyaddr burst=16 delay=8;
}
}
```
#### 3.4 限制带宽
```
location /download/ {
limit_rate_after 16m;
limit_rate 1m; # 每秒1m
}
```