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https://github.com/maskarade/Android-Orma
An ORM for Android with type-safety and painless smart migrations
https://github.com/maskarade/Android-Orma
android database database-migration orm query-builder sql sqlite
Last synced: 14 days ago
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An ORM for Android with type-safety and painless smart migrations
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/maskarade/Android-Orma
- Owner: maskarade
- License: other
- Created: 2015-11-09T00:26:20.000Z (about 9 years ago)
- Default Branch: master
- Last Pushed: 2020-04-13T06:25:04.000Z (over 4 years ago)
- Last Synced: 2024-04-13T22:27:06.077Z (7 months ago)
- Topics: android, database, database-migration, orm, query-builder, sql, sqlite
- Language: Java
- Homepage:
- Size: 3.64 MB
- Stars: 441
- Watchers: 30
- Forks: 48
- Open Issues: 26
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- Changelog: CHANGELOG.md
- License: LICENSE.md
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README
# Android Orma [](https://circleci.com/gh/maskarade/Android-Orma/tree/master) [  ](https://bintray.com/orma/maven/orma/) [](https://gitter.im/Android-Orma/Lobby) 
Orma is a ORM (Object-Relation Mapper) for [Android SQLiteDatabase](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/database/sqlite/SQLiteDatabase.html).
Because it generates helper classes at compile time with **annotation processing**, its query builders are type-safe.
The interface of Orma is simple and easy to use,
as the author respects the Larry Wall's wisdom:
> Easy things should be easy, and hard things should be possible
-- [Larry Wall](http://www.amazon.com/gp/feature.html?ie=UTF8&docId=7137)
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Motivation](#motivation)
- [Requirements](#requirements)
- [Getting Started](#getting-started)
- [Synopsis](#synopsis)
- [The Components](#the-components)
- [Database Handles](#database-handles)
- [Models](#models)
- [Schema Helpers](#schema-helpers)
- [Relation Helpers](#relation-helpers)
- [Selector Helpers](#selector-helpers)
- [Updater Helpers](#updater-helpers)
- [Deleter Helpers](#deleter-helpers)
- [Query Helper Methods](#query-helper-methods)
- [List of Query Helper Methods](#list-of-query-helper-methods)
- [How to Control Generation of Query Helpers](#how-to-control-generation-of-query-helpers)
- [The Inserter Helpers](#the-inserter-helpers)
- [Details of Database Handles](#details-of-database-handles)
- [Configuration of Database Handles](#configuration-of-database-handles)
- [Database Handle Builders](#database-handle-builders)
- [In-Memory Database](#in-memory-database)
- [Details of Models](#details-of-models)
- [Setters and Getters](#setters-and-getters)
- [Immutable Models](#immutable-models)
- [Composite Indexes](#composite-indexes)
- [Reserved Names](#reserved-names)
- [RxJava Integration](#rxjava-integration)
- [Associations](#associations)
- [Has-One Associations with `SingleAssociation`](#has-one-associations-with-singleassociationt)
- [Direct Associations](#direct-associations)
- [Has-Many Associations with `SingleAssociation`](#has-many-associations-with-singleassociationt)
- [Has-Many Associations with Direct Associations](#has-many-associations-with-direct-associations)
- [Limitations in Associations](#limitations-in-associations)
- [Type Adapters](#type-adapters)
- [How Serialized Types Used](#how-serialized-types-used)
- [`@StaticTypeAdapters` for Multiple Serializers at Once](#statictypeadapters-for-multiple-serializers-at-once)
- [Built-In Type Adapters](#built-in-type-adapters)
- [Generic Type Adapters](#generic-type-adapters)
- [Pagination](#pagination)
- [limit and offset](#limit-and-offset)
- [page and per](#page-and-per)
- [Raw Queries](#raw-queries)
- [Migration](#migration)
- [DataSet Changed Events](#dataset-changed-events)
- [Cooperation with Serialization Libraries](#cooperation-with-serialization-libraries)
- [Encryption](#encryption)
- [Example](#example)
- [Benchmark](#benchmark)
- [FAQ](#faq)
- [How can I enable debug logging on release build?](#how-can-i-enable-debug-logging-on-release-build)
- [How can see the generated Java files?](#how-can-see-the-generated-java-files)
- [Does Orma work with Kotlin?](#does-orma-work-with-kotlin)
- [When the database handle is opened and closed?](#when-the-database-handle-is-opened-and-closed)
- [Who uses Orma?](#who-uses-orma)
- [Support](#support)
- [Licenses in Runtime Dependencies](#licenses-in-runtime-dependencies)
- [Contribution](#contribution)
- [Release Engineering for Maintainers](#release-engineering-for-maintainers)
- [Artifact Repository](#artifact-repository)
- [What you do](#what-you-do)
- [Documentation Tools](#documentation-tools)
- [See Also](#see-also)
- [Authors and Contributors](#authors-and-contributors)
- [License](#license)
## Motivation
There are already [a lot of ORMs for Android](https://github.com/search?q=topic%3Aandroid+topic%3Aorm).
Why I have to add another wheel?
The answer is that I need an ORM that has *all* the following features:
* Fast as hand-written code
* POJO models
* Model classes should have no restriction
* Might implement `Parcelable` and/or extend any classes
* They should be passed to another thread
* A database handle must be an object instance
* Not a static-method based class
* Even though it is designed to be used as a singleton scope
* Easy migration
* Some `ALTER TABLE`, e.g. `add column` and `drop column`, should be detected and processed
* There is a wheel in Perl: [SQL::Translator::Diff](https://metacpan.org/pod/SQL::Translator::Diff)
* Type safe and code completion friendly
* `db.selectFromModel()` is better than `new Select(Model.class)`
* `todos.idEq(id).toList()` is better than `todos.equalTo("id", id)`
* Custom raw queries are sometimes inevitable
* `GROUP BY ... HAVING ...`
* `SELECT max(value), min(value), avg(value), count(value) FROM ...`
And now they are exactly what Orma has.
## Requirements
* JDK 8 (1.8.0_66 or later) to build
* Android API level 15 to use
## Getting Started
Declare dependencies to use Orma and its annotation processor.
```gradle:build.gradle
dependencies {
annotationProcessor 'com.github.maskarade.android.orma:orma-processor:6.0.2'
compile 'com.github.maskarade.android.orma:orma:6.0.2'
}
```
NOTE: if you use Android Gradle Plugin before 2.2.0, you must use [android-apt](https://bitbucket.org/hvisser/android-apt) plugin instead of `annotationProcessor` configuration.
## Synopsis
First, define model classes annotated with `@Table`, `@Column`, and `@PrimaryKey` and run the **Build APK** command to generate helper classes.
```java
package com.github.gfx.android.orma.example;
import com.github.gfx.android.orma.annotation.Column;
import com.github.gfx.android.orma.annotation.PrimaryKey;
import com.github.gfx.android.orma.annotation.Table;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
@Table
public class Todo {
@PrimaryKey(autoincrement = true)
public long id;
@Column(indexed = true)
public String title;
@Column
@Nullable // allows NULL (default: NOT NULL)
public String content;
@Column
public long createdTimeMillis;
}
```
Second, instantiate a database handle `OrmaDatabase`, which is generated by `orma-processor`.
Here is an example to configure `OrmaDatabase`:
```java
// See OrmaDatabaseBuilderBase for other options.
OrmaDatabase orma = OrmaDatabase.builder(context)
.name("main.db") // default: "${applicationId}.orma.db"
.build();
```
Then, you can create, read, update and delete models via `OrmaDatabase`:
```java
Todo todo = ...;
// create
orma.insertIntoTodo(todo);
// prepared statements with transaction
orma.transactionSync( -> { // or transactionAsync() to execute tasks in background
Inserter inserter = orma.prepareInsertIntoTodo();
inserter.execute(todo);
});
// read
orma.selectFromTodo()
.titleEq("foo") // equivalent to `where("title = ?", "foo")`
.executeAsObservable() // first-class RxJava interface
.subscribe(...);
// update
orma.updateTodo()
.titleEq("foo")
.content("a new content") // to setup what are updated
.execute();
// delete
orma.deleteFromTodo()
.titleEq("foo")
.execute();
```
## The Components
### Database Handles
A database handle, named `OrmaDatabase` by default, is generated by `orma-processor`, which is an entry point of all the high-level database operations.
This is typically used as a singleton instance and you don't need to manage its lifecycle. That is, you don't need to explicitly close it.
### Models
A **model** in Orma is a Java class that is annotated with `@Table`, which
has at least one column, a field annotated with `@Column` or `@PrimaryKey`.
`orma-processor` generates helper classes for each model:
`Schema`, `Relation`, `Selector`, `Updater`, and `Deleter`.
Because these helper classes are generated at the compile time, you
can use Orma as a type-safe ORM.
### Schema Helpers
A Schema helper, e.g. `Todo_Schema`, has metadata for the corresponding model.
This is an internal helper class and not intended to be employed by users.
### Relation Helpers
A Relation helper, e.g. `Todo_Relation`, is an entry point of table operations.
This is created by a database handle:
```java
public static Todo_Relation relation() {
return orma.relationOfTodo();
}
```
And is able to create `Selector`, `Updater`, `Deleter`, and `Inserter` for the target model.
```java
Todo_Relation todos = orma.relationOfTodo();
todos.selector().toList(); // Todo_Selector
todos.updater().content("foo").execute(); // Todo_Updater
todos.inserter().execute(todo); // Inserter
todos.deleter().execute(); // Todo_Deleter
```
This can be a subset of a table which has `ORDER BY` clauses and `WHERE` clauses with some `List`-like methods:
```java
Todo_Relation todos = orma.relationOfTodo()
.doneEq(false) // can have conditions
.orderByCreatedTimeMillis(); // can have orders
// List-like features:
int count = todos.count();
Todo todo = todos.get(0);
// Convenience utilities
int position = todos.indexOf(todo);
todos.deleteWithTransactionAsObservable()
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribe(position -> {
notifyItemRemoved(position); // assumes Adapter#notifyItemRemoved()
})
todos.truncateWithTransactionAsObservable()
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.subscribe();
// Todo_Relation implements Iterable
for (Todo todo : todos) {
// ...
}
```
And has convenience `#upsert()` to "save it anyway", returning a new model:
```java
Todo_Relation todos = orma.relationOfTodo()
Todo newTodo = todos.upsert(todo); // INSERT if it's not persistent; UPDATE Otherwise
```
Unlike `INSERT` with `OnConflict.REPLACE`, `#upsert()` doesn't break associations.
NOTE: if you use a model after `#upsert()`, you must use the returned `newModel`.
This is because Orma does not change the model's primary key on `INSERT`.
### Selector Helpers
A `Selector` helper, e.g. `Todo_Selector`, is created by a `Relation`:
```java
Todo_Selector selector = relation().selector();
// or orma.selectFromTodo();
```
This is a query builder for `SELECT ... FROM *` statements.
### Updater Helpers
An `Updater` helper, e.g. `Todo_Updater`, is created by a `Relation`:
```java
Todo_Updater updater = relation().updater();
// or orma.updateTodo();
```
This is a query builder for `UPDATE *` statements.
### Deleter Helpers
A `Deleter` helper, e.g. `Todo_Deleter`, is created by a `Relation`:
```java
Todo_Deleter deleter = relation().deleter();
// or orma.deleteFromTodo();
```
This is a query builder for `DELETE FROM *` statements.
### Query Helper Methods
There are **Query Helpers** which are generated to query conditions and orders in a type-safe way.
For example, `titleEq()` shown in the synopsis section, are generated to help make `WHERE` and `ORDER BY` clauses,
for `Relation`, `Selector`, `Deleter`, and `Updater`.
Most of them are generated for columns with `indexed = true`, and some are for `@PrimaryKey` columns.
#### List of Query Helper Methods
Here is a list of Query Helpers that are generated for **all** the `indexed` columns, where `*` is a column name pladeholder:
| Method | SQL |
|:----------------:|:-------------------:|
| `*Eq(value)` | `* = value` |
| `*NotEq(value)` | `* <> value` |
| `*In(values)` | `* IN (values)` |
| `*NotIn(values)` | `* NOT IN (values)` |
The following are generated for `@Nullable` columns.
| Method | SQL |
|:--------------:|:---------------:|
| `*IsNull()` | `* IS NULL` |
| `*IsNotNull()` | `* IS NOT NULL` |
The following are generated for numeric columns
(i.e. `byte`, `short`, `int`, `long`, `float`, `double`, and their corresponding box types)
| Method | SQL |
|:----------------:|:-------------------:|
| `*Lt(value)` | `* < value` |
| `*Le(values)` | `* <= value` |
| `*Gt(value)` | `* > value` |
| `*Ge(value)` | `* >= value` |
| `*Between(a, b)` | `* BETWEEN a AND b` |
The following are generated for `TEXT` and not `PRIMARY KEY` columns.
| Method | SQL |
|:-------------------:|:--------------------:|
| `*Glob(pattern)` | `* GLOB pattern` |
| `*NotGlob(pattern)` | `* NOT GLOB pattern` |
| `*Like(pattern)` | `* LIKE pattern` |
| `*NotLike(pattern)` | `* NOT LIKE pattern` |
And `ORDER BY` helpers:
| Method | SQL |
|:----------------:|:-----------------:|
| `orderBy*Asc()` | `ORDER BY * ASC` |
| `orderBy*Desc()` | `ORDER BY * DESC` |
#### How to Control Generation of Query Helpers
**This is an advanced setting for those who know what they do.**
You can control which Query Helpers are generated for a column by `@Column(helpers = ...)` attribute:
```java
@Column(
helpers = Column.Helpers.AUTO // default to AUTO
)
```
Here are the definition of options defined in [Column.java](annotations/src/main/java/com/github/gfx/android/orma/annotation/Column.java):
```java
long AUTO = -1; // the default, a smart way
long NONE = 0;
long CONDITION_EQ = 0b01;
long CONDITION_NOT_EQ = CONDITION_EQ << 1;
long CONDITION_IS_NULL = CONDITION_NOT_EQ << 1;
long CONDITION_IS_NOT_NULL = CONDITION_IS_NULL << 1;
long CONDITION_IN = CONDITION_IS_NOT_NULL << 1;
long CONDITION_NOT_IN = CONDITION_IN << 1;
long CONDITION_LT = CONDITION_NOT_IN << 1;
long CONDITION_LE = CONDITION_LT << 1;
long CONDITION_GT = CONDITION_LE << 1;
long CONDITION_GE = CONDITION_GT << 1;
long CONDITION_BETWEEN = CONDITION_GE << 1;
long CONDITIONS = CONDITION_EQ | CONDITION_NOT_EQ | CONDITION_IS_NULL | CONDITION_IS_NOT_NULL
| CONDITION_IN | CONDITION_NOT_IN
| CONDITION_LT | CONDITION_LE | CONDITION_GT | CONDITION_GE | CONDITION_BETWEEN;
long ORDER_IN_ASC = CONDITION_BETWEEN << 1;
long ORDER_IN_DESC = ORDER_IN_ASC << 1;
long ORDERS = ORDER_IN_ASC | ORDER_IN_DESC;
long ALL = CONDITIONS | ORDERS;
```
### The Inserter Helpers
This is a prepared statement for `INSERT INTO ...` for bulk insertions.
```java
Inserter inserter = relation().inserter();
// or orma.insertIntoTodo()
inserter.execute(todo);
inserter.executeAll(todos);
```
## Details of Database Handles
The section describes the details of database handles.
### Configuration of Database Handles
The database class is configured by the [`@Database`](https://github.com/gfx/Android-Orma/blob/master/annotations/src/main/java/com/github/gfx/android/orma/annotation/Database.java) annotation:
```java
@Database(
databaseClassName = "OrmaDatabase", // default to "OrmaDatabase"
includes = { /* ... */ } // Give model classes to handle
excludes = { /* ... */ } // Give model classes not to handle
)
public class DatabaseConfiguration { }
```
The annotated class is not used for now, but the package is used to place the OrmaDatabase class.
### Database Handle Builders
`OrmaDatabase.builder(Context)` returns a builder isntance, which
has configure the database handle instance:
| Method | Description | Default |
|:----------------------:|:---------------------------:|:-------------------:|
| `name(String)` | The filename of SQLite DB | `"${package}.orma.db"` |
| `migrationEngine(MigrationEngine)`| Custom migration engine | `OrmaMigration` |
| `writeAheadLogging(boolean)` | SQLite WAL flag | `true` |
| `foreignKeys(boolean)` | SQLite FOREIGN_KEYS flag | `true` |
| `migrationStep(int, ManualStepMigration.Step)` | A migration step | none |
| `trace(boolean)` | Output executed queries to logcat if true | dynamic (*1) |
| `readOnMainThread(AccessThreadConstraint)` | Check read operation on main thread | dynamic (*2) |
| `writeOnMainThread(AccessThreadConstraint)` | Check write operation on main thread | dynaimc (*3) |
* **\*1** `BuildConfig.DEBUG ? true : false`
* **\*2** `BuildConfig.DEBUG ? WARN : NONE`
* **\*3** `BuildConfig.DEBUG ? FATAL : NONE`
Note that **Orma aborts if writing occurs on main thread** in debug build.
Use background threads, e.g. via `AsyncTask` for writing, or RxJava interfaces with `Schedulers.io()`.
Otherwise you can disable this behavior:
```java
OrmaDatabase orma = OrmaDatabase.builder(context)
.writeOnMainThread(AccessThreadConstraint.NONE)
.build();
```
### In-Memory Database
You can create in-memory databases by passing `null` to `OrmaDatabase.Builder#name()`.
This is useful for testing.
## Details of Models
The section describes the details of model definition.
### Setters and Getters
Orma can use getters and setters if columns have corresponding methods.
You can also connect getters and setters with `@Getter` and `@Setter`
respectively, which tells `orma-processor` to use accessors.
Each accessor name can have a column name in SQLite databases,
which is inferred from its method name if omitted.
```java
@Table
public class KeyValuePair {
static final String kKey = "Key";
@Column(kKey) // specifies the name
private String key;
@Column // omits the name
private String value;
@Getter(kKey)
public String getKey() {
return key;
}
@Setter(kKey)
public void setKey(String key) {
this.key = key;
}
// used as a getter for the "value" column
// @Getter is optional in this case
public String getValue() {
return value;
}
// used as a setter for the "value" column
// @Setter is optional in this case
public void setValue(String value) {
this.value = value;
}
}
```
### Immutable Models
Immutable models, where all the fields are declared with `final`, are supported
by annotating a constructor with `@Setter`.
```java
@Table
public class KeyValuePair {
@Column
public final String key;
@Column
public final String value;
@Setter
KeyValuePair(String key, String value) {
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
}
}
```
It can be declared with custom names:
```java
@Table
public class KeyValuePair {
static final String kKey = "Key";
static final String kValue = "Value";
@Column(kKey)
public final String key;
@Column(kValue)
public final String value;
KeyValuePair(@Setter(kKey) String key, @Setter(kValue) String value) {
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
}
}
```
### Composite Indexes
There is the `indexes` parameter that `@Table` takes
in order to create composite indexes (a.k.a. multi-column indexes).
```java
// for CREATE INDEX:
@Table(indexes = @Index(value = {"resourceType", "resourceId"}))
public class Entry {
@PrimaryKey
public long id;
@Column
public String resourceType;
@Column
public long resourceId;
}
```
```java
// for CREATE UNIQUE INDEX:
@Table(
indexes = @Index(
value = {"resourceType", "resourceId"},
unique = true
)
)
public class Entry {
@PrimaryKey
public long id;
@Column
public String resourceType;
@Column
public long resourceId;
}
```
Composite indexes generate query helper methods only for `==` and `ORDER BY` for helper classes like the following:
* `Selector#resourceTypeAndResourceIdEq(String, long)`
* `Selector#orderByResourceTypeAndResourceIdAsc()`
* `Selector#orderByResourceTypeAndResourceIdDesc()`
You can control generated helpers with the `helpers` parameter.
See also [Query Helper Methods](#query-helper-methods).
### Reserved Names
Column names starting `$` are reserved for metadata.
Other names, including SQLite keywords, are allowed.
## RxJava Integration
RxJava integration provides a set of powerful API to transform, filter, and combine DB rows.
For example, there is a model named `Book` with `@Column(unique = true) String title`
and you'd like to get a `Map` where the key is `Book#title`:
```java
Map map = db.selectFromBook()
.executeAsObservable()
.toMap(new Function() {
@Override
public String apply(Book book) throws Exception {
return book.title;
}
}).blockingGet();
```
## Associations
Two or more Orma models can be associated with **association** mechanism.
There are two type of associations: **has-one** and **has-many**.
In addition, there are another two kind of association supports: indirect associations with `SingleAssociation` and direct associations.
### Has-One Associations with `SingleAssociation`
There is `SingleAssociation` to support has-one associations, which is retrieved on demand; this is useful if the associations are not always used.
For example, a book has a publisher:
```java
@Table
class Publisher {
@PrimaryKey
public long id;
}
@Table
class Book {
@Column
public SingleAssociation publisher;
}
```
To save this a book:
```java
Book book = new Book();
Publisher publisher = new Publisher();
long publisherId = db.insertIntoPublisher()
.execute(publisher);
// if publisher has a valid primary key, `just(publisher)` is also okay.
book.publisher = SingleAssociation.just(publisherId);
db.insertIntoBook()
.execute(book)
```
To get a publisher from books:
```java
db.selectFromBook()
.forEach((book) -> {
// blocking:
Publisher publisher = book.publisher.get();
// with RxJava Single:
book.publisher.single()
.subscribe((publisher) -> {
// use publisher
})
});
```
### Direct Associations
There are _direct associations_, where an Orma model has another Orma model directly.
Given a `has-one` association, `Book has-one Publisher`:
```java
@Table
class Publisher {
@PrimaryKey
public long id;
@Column
public String name;
}
@Table
class Book {
@PrimaryKey
public long id;
@column
public String title;
@Column
public Publisher publisher;
}
```
The corresponding table definition is something like this:
```sql
CREATE TABLE `Publisher` (
`id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
`name` TEXT NOT NULL
)
CREATE TABLE `Book` (
`id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
`title` TEXT NOT NULL,
`publisher` INTEGER NOT NULL
REFERENCES `Publisher`(`id`) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
)
```
In SQL, `Book#publisher` refers `Publisher#id`, indicating the two tables
should be joined in `SELECT` statements.
In Java, `Book#publisher` is a `Publisher` instance, which is retrieved in each
`SELECT` operations. There is no lazy loading in direct associations.
### Has-Many Associations with `SingleAssociation`
Has-many associations are not directly supported but you can define a method to get associated objects:
```java
@Table
class Publisher {
@PrimaryKey
public long id;
// NOTE: If OrmaDatabase is a singleton, no parameter is required!
public Book_Relation getBooks(OrmaDatabase db) {
return db.relationOfBook().publisherEq(this);
}
}
@Table
class Book {
@Column(indexed = true)
public SingleAssociation publisher;
}
```
### Has-Many Associations with Direct Associations
As `SingleAssociation` is, you can define a helper method to get has-many associations:
```java
@Table
class Publisher {
@PrimaryKey
public long id;
// NOTE: If OrmaDatabase is a singleton, no parameter is required!
public Book_Relation getBooks(OrmaDatabase db) {
return db.relationOfBook().publisherEq(this);
}
}
@Table
class Book {
@Column(indexed = true)
public Publisher publisher;
}
```
### Limitations in Associations
* There are no methods to query associated models
These issues will be fixed in a future.
## Type Adapters
Orma models are able to have embedded objects with **type adapters**, a.k.a. static type adapters,
by defining classes with `@StaticTypeAdapter` annotation.
For example, if you want to embed [LatLng](https://developers.google.com/android/reference/com/google/android/gms/maps/model/LatLng)
in your Orma model, you can define a type adapter like this:
```java
@StaticTypeAdapter(
targetType = LatLng.class, // required
serializedType = String.class // required
)
public class LatLngAdapter {
// SerializedType serialize(TargetType source)
@NonNull
public static String serialize(@NonNull LatLng source) {
return source.latitude + "," + source.longitude
}
// TargetType deserialize(SerializedType serialized)
@NonNull
public static LatLng deserialize(@NonNull String serialized) {
String[] values = serialized.split(",");
return new LatLng(
Double.parseDouble(values[0]),
Double.parseDouble(values[1]));
}
}
```
`@StaticTypeAdapter` requires `targetType` and `serializedType` options and two static methods `SerializedType serialize(TargetType)` and `TargetType deserialize(SerializedType)`.
### How Serialized Types Used
A `@StaticTypeAdapter#serializedType` is bound to an SQLite storage type.
Thus it must be one of the "Java Type" listed the table below, where each "Java Type" has a corresponding "SQLite Type":
| Java Type | SQLite Type |
|:---------:|:-----------:|
| int | INTEGER |
| short | INTEGER |
| long | INTEGER |
| boolean | INTEGER |
| float | REAL |
| double | REAL |
| String | TEXT |
| byte[] | BLOB |
### `@StaticTypeAdapters` for Multiple Serializers at Once
You can also define multiple type serializers to single class with `@StaticTypeAdapters` annotation containers:
```java
@StaticTypeAdapters({
@StaticTypeAdapter(
targetType = MutableInt.class,
serializedType = int.class,
serializer = "serializeMutableInt",
deserializer = "deserializeMutableInt"
),
@StaticTypeAdapter(
targetType = MutableLong.class,
serializedType = long.class,
serializer = "serializeMutableLong",
deserializer = "deserializeMutableLong"
)
})
public class TypeAdapters {
public static int serializeMutableInt(@NonNull MutableInt target) {
return target.value;
}
@NonNull
public static MutableInt deserializeMutableInt(int deserialized) {
return new MutableInt(deserialized);
}
public static long serializeMutableLong(@NonNull MutableLong target) {
return target.value;
}
@NonNull
public static MutableLong deserializeMutableLong(long deserialized) {
return new MutableLong(deserialized);
}
}
```
### Built-In Type Adapters
There are built-in type adapters for typically used value objects and collections:
* `java.math.BigDecimal`
* `java.math.BigInteger`
* `java.nio.ByteBuffer`
* `java.util.Currency`
* `java.util.Date`
* `java.sql.Date`
* `java.sql.Time`
* `java.sql.Timestamp`
* `java.util.UUID`
* `java.util.List`
* `java.util.ArrayList`
* `java.util.Set`
* `java.util.HashSet`
* `android.net.Uri`
### Generic Type Adapters
If your `deserialize()` takes a `Class` parameter, the type serializer is _generic_, handling classes with the common base classe.
For example, if you have some enums that implement `EnumDescription`, e.g. `T extends Enum & EnumDescription`, you can handle it with a generic type adapter.
Given an interface `EnumDescription`:
```java
public interface EnumDescription {
long getValue();
}
```
And here is its type adapter:
```java
@StaticTypeAdapter(
targetType = EnumDescription.class,
serializedType = long.class
)
public class EnumTypeAdapter {
public static & EnumDescription> long serialize(@NonNull T value) {
return value.getValue();
}
@NonNull
public static & EnumDescription> T deserialize(long serialized, @NonNull Class type) {
for (T enumValue : type.getEnumConstants()) {
if (enumValue.getValue() == serialized) {
return enumValue;
}
}
throw new RuntimeException("Unknown id: " + serialized + " for " + type);
}
}
```
Now `deserialize()` uses the type information for the conclete target class.
## Pagination
There are two style pagination. You can use either, but not mixed.
### limit and offset
SQL style pagination:
```java
for (Todo todo : orma.selectFromTodo().titleEq("buy").offset(0).limit(10)) {
// ...
}
```
### page and per
"paging" style pagination inspired from Ruby's [kaminari](https://github.com/kaminari/kaminari).
```java
for (Todo todo : orma.selectFromTodo().titleEq("buy").page(1).per(10)) {
// ...
}
```
Note that `page` starts from 1.
## Raw Queries
For low-level operations, e.g. executing a raw query, you can use
`OrmaDatabase#getConnection()`, which returns `OrmaConnection`.
For example of `#rawQuery`:
```java
Cursor cursor = db.getConnection().rawQuery("SELECT max(bookId) as max_id, min(bookId) as min_id FROM Book");
cursor.moveToFirst();
// ...get data from cursor...
cursor.close();
```
Or, you can use `#execSQL` for mutations:
```java
OrmaConnection conn = db.getConnection();
conn.execSQL("VACUUM");
conn.execSQL("ANALYZE");
```
NOTE: Don't use `#rawQuery()` for performance because Orma query builders are fast enough.
## Migration
There is a pluggable migration mechanism via the `MigrationEngine` interface.
The default migration engine is `SchemaDiffMigration`, which handles
schema changes by making diff with old and new DDL stored in `sqlite_master`.
That is, you don't need migration steps for the following cases:
* Adding tables
* Adding columns (In this case, you need to add `defaultExpr` or `@Nullable` to new columns for auto-migration to work)
* Changing column types
* Changing column constraints (`NOT NULL`, `UNIQUE`, and etc.)
You can also define migration steps for each schema version, which uses applications version code (i.e. `BuildConfig.VERSION`) as schema versions.
Here is an example to define migration steps:
```java
int VERSION_2; // a past version of application's VERSION_CODE
OrmaDatabase orma = OrmaDatabase.builder(this)
.migrationStep(VERSION_2, new ManualStepMigration.ChangeStep() {
@Override
public void change(@NonNull ManualStepMigration.Helper helper) {
Log.(TAG, helper.upgrade ? "upgrade" : "downgrade");
helper.execSQL("DROP TABLE foo");
helper.execSQL("DROP TABLE bar");
}
})
// ... other configurations
.build();
```
See [migration/README.md](migration/README.md) for details.
## DataSet Changed Events
NOTE: **This is experimental in v4.2.5: its existence, signature or behavior might change without warning from one release to the next.**
`Relation#createQueryObservable()` can create a event stream to observe data-set changed events for the relation.
This likes [SQLBrite](https://github.com/square/sqlbrite)'s' "Query Observable", whereas Orma's does not notify the initial event.
```java
// NOTE: Keep the observable instance. If it's released, the observable is disposed.
// create a query observable, which is a hot observable
Observable observable = db.relationOfAuthor()
.createQueryObservable();
// subscribe the events
observable.flatMap(new Function>() {
@Override
public Observable apply(Author_Selector selector) throws Exception {
Log.d(TAG, "Author has been changed!");
return selector.executeAsObservable();
}
})
.map(new Function() {
@Override
public String apply(Author author) throws Exception {
return author.name;
}
})
.subscribe(new Consumer() {
@Override
public void accept(String name) throws Exception {
Log.d(TAG, "name: " + name);
}
});
```
See `OrmaListAdapter` and `OrmaRecyclerViewAdapter`, which use Query Observables to
trigger `#notifyDataSetChanged()`.
* [OrmaListAdapter](https://github.com/gfx/Android-Orma/blob/master/library/src/main/java/com/github/gfx/android/orma/widget/OrmaListAdapter.java)
* [OrmaRecyclerViewAdapter](https://github.com/gfx/Android-Orma/blob/master/library/src/main/java/com/github/gfx/android/orma/widget/OrmaRecyclerViewAdapter.java)
## Cooperation with Serialization Libraries
Beause Orma reuqires nothing to do to models, serializers, e.g. Android Parcels or GSON, can
serialize Orma models.
## Encryption
There's an encryption extension as `orma-encryption` since Orma v5.0.0-rc1:
```build.gradle
dependencies {
compile 'com.github.maskarade.android.orma:orma-encryption:6.0.2'
}
```
That provies `EncryptedDatabase`:
```java
String password = "...";
OrmaDatabase orma = OrmaDatabase.builder(context)
.provider(new EncryptedDatabase.Provider(password))
// ...
.build();
```
Encrypted databases are managed by [SQLCipher](https://github.com/sqlcipher/android-database-sqlcipher), so the database files are not compatible with non-encrypted ones.
Note that with this extension the database handle throws `net.sqlcipher.database.SQLException` instead of `android.database.SQLException` as runtime exceptions, so it might not be 100% compatible with the default database.
## Example
There is [an example app](example/) to demonstrate:
* Migration
* Orma with `RecyclerView` / `ListView`
* Benchmark (see below)
## Benchmark
There is a simple benchmark with [Realm](https://github.com/realm/realm-java) and hand-written SQLiteDatabase code:
[example/BenchmarkFragment](example/src/main/java/com/github/gfx/android/orma/example/fragment/BenchmarkFragment.java)
Here is a result performed on Android 6.0.2 / Xperia Z4
as of Orma v4.2.5 and Realm 2.3.0, processing 10 items x 100 times:
I welcome benchmark in another condition and/or another code.
## FAQ
### How can I enable debug logging on release build?
Call `OrmaDatabase.Builder#trace(boolean)` with `true`:
```java
OrmaDatabase orma = OrmaDatabase.builder(context)
.trace(true)
.create();
```
This option also enables logging in the default migration engine.
If you give a custom migration engine to the orma builder, you have to enable
`trace` flag to its constructor:
```java
boolean trace = true;
SchemaDiffMigration migration = new SchemaDiffMigration(context, trace);
```
### How can see the generated Java files?
As other annotation processors do, Orma save files to `$modle/build/generated/source/apt/`.
You can see [generated files for example models](example/build/generated/source/apt/normal/debug/com/github/gfx/android/orma/example/orma).
### Does Orma work with Kotlin?
Yes, but it's _experimental_. Here is an example to use Orma with Kotlin:
https://github.com/gfx/OrmaWithKotlin
NOTE: Kotlin APT support, a.k.a. _kapt_, is **really unstable**. Don't ask me how to solve kapt problems.
### When the database handle is opened and closed?
Orma opens the database handle in instantiating `OrmaDatabase`, and you don't need to
close it.
In other word, you can define the database handle as a singleton instance in your application scope,
and forget `close`.
### Who uses Orma?
Here is a list of open-source Androdi apps using Orma which are released to Google Play:
* [gfx/Android-Helium](https://github.com/gfx/Android-Helium)
* [DroidKaigi/conference-app-2017](https://github.com/DroidKaigi/conference-app-2017)
Or you can search use cases by [GitHub search](https://github.com/search?o=desc&q=%22com.github.gfx.android.orma%22+filename%3Abuild.gradle&ref=searchresults&s=indexed&type=Code&utf8=%E2%9C%93).
Also, here is a list of apps using Orma which are proprietary:
* [Cookpad (ja)](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.cookpad.android.activities)
* [Abema TV (ja)](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tv.abema)
Tell me if your projects use Orma!
## Support
* Use [GitHub issues](https://github.com/gfx/Android-Orma/issues) for the issue tracker
* Feel free to ask for questions to the author [@\_\_gfx\_\_](https://twitter.com/__gfx__)
* Gitter Rooms:
* https://gitter.im/Android-Orma/Lobby (en)
* https://gitter.im/Android-Orma/Ja (ja)
## Licenses in Runtime Dependencies
* https://github.com/ReactiveX/RxJava - Apache Software License 2.0
* [bkiers/sqlite-parser](https://github.com/bkiers/sqlite-parser) - The MIT License
* The original code of [SQLite.g4](sqliteparser/src/main/antlr/com/github/gfx/android/orma/sqliteparser/g/SQLite.g4)
## Contribution
Patches are welcome!
## Release Engineering for Maintainers
### Artifact Repository
https://bintray.com/orma
### What you do
```shell
./gradlew bumpMajor # or bumpMinor / bumpPatch
code CHANGES.md # edit change logs
git add -va
make publish # run tests, build artifacts, publish to jcenter, and make a git tag to HEAD
```
Note that you have to edit `VERSION` file by hand if you'd like to release release candidates.
See `Makefile` for details.
### Documentation Tools
Visual Studio Code (a.k.a. vscode) is recommended to edit README.md and CHANGELOG.md. Especially the ToC section is managed by [AlanWalk/Markdown-TOC](https://github.com/AlanWalk/Markdown-TOC).
## See Also
* [SQLite](http://sqlite.org/)
* [SQLiteDatabase](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/database/sqlite/SQLiteDatabase.html)
* [Version of SQLite used in Android? - Stack Overflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2421189/version-of-sqlite-used-in-android)
## Authors and Contributors
FUJI Goro ([gfx](https://github.com/gfx)).
And contributors are listed here: [Contributors](https://github.com/gfx/Android-Orma/graphs/contributors)
If you are interested in sponsoring this project, it is really welcome, as I'll spend more time to develop this software: https://opencollective.com/android-orma
## License
Copyright (c) 2015 FUJI Goro (gfx).
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.