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https://github.com/mehrankazeminia/smart-blockchain

Implementing a "Smart Blockchain" with python
https://github.com/mehrankazeminia/smart-blockchain

bitcoin-mining bitcoin-transactions blockchain blockchain-networks bpsc cryptocurrency mehran-kazeminia miners proof python smart-blockchain smart-contract soliset somayyeh-gholami without-miners

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Implementing a "Smart Blockchain" with python

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README 

          




    
Smart Blockchain


    
Somayyeh Gholami & Mehran Kazeminia





 



## Introduction

Ten years ago, Bitcoin’s proof-of-work mechanism was a great

idea for a pilot project and the launch of the first decentralized

network as well. But this approach for long-term must be

corrected, and for years, the amount of power consumed ( more

than 50TWh per year ) by a country with ten million populations,

cannot be dedicated for bitcoin transactions only. It’s extreme

selfishness and not fair



The research published in Nature Climate Change (October 2018)

even suggested that Bitcoin mining alone could push global

warming “above 2 °C within less than three decades“. The

electricity consumption of the proof-of-work mechanism used in

the bitcoin network is huge. Meanwhile, a major share of mining

operations is done with electricity from coal-fired power plants in

China, cause increasing Bitcoin’s environmental problems and

blockchain technology



Smart Blockchain is the new generation of Blockchain networks

that will allow one or more smart contracts to collect accurate and

flawless data from the successful transactions of a decentralized

network at the moment of transaction occurrence, and

simultaneously storing and registering these data in new blocks.

Smart Blockchain needs neither the financial institution nor

intermediary, in addition, there will be no task to do for miners and

block producers in this technology. In other words, within Smart

Blockchain, always one or more smart contracts like a financial

institution, free of charge and automatically record and store

transactions ‘data in new blocks.



## How does Smart Blockchain work?

In Smart Blockchain, one or more Block Producer Smart Contract

(BPSC) is present in the decentralized network, and no successful

transaction is performed without BPSC involvement. For a

successful transaction in the network, first, the sender must send

the cryptocurrency to the wallet of BPSC and then BPSC sends

cryptocurrency automatically to the receiver. This simple action

has led the BPSC to have all network transactions’ data accurately

and flawlessly and then as an accurate and trust financial

institution, record transactions’ data into a new block and add this

new block to the end of the blockchain and so there will be no

tasks to assign to miners and block producers.



 



Also, Smart Blockchain provides the possibility to classify

transactions based on subject. For example, it allows trading of

several types of cryptocurrency in a network consists of

independent blockchains. This will be done by increasing the

number of BPSCs in the network. The limitation and also

important point is that transactions can be assigned to separate

BPSCs that their subjects are not related to each other. For

example, if we want a smart contract to give an award for every

100 LIKEs, so the Likes’ transactions and cryptocurrencies’

transactions of such project should be stored and registered by

the single BPSC and into single Blockchain.



 



## What are the benefits of Smart Blockchain?

At the moment of transactions occurrence, the correct and

flawless data of transactions are stored and registered. In this case,

there is no need to generate some alternatives from a block like

what they do in Bitcoin network, Ethereum network, etc., and then

the miners choose the correct and valid block by spending so

much money, consuming huge power electricity and using a

variety of proof mechanisms.



Staggering power consumption is the result of the use of the

proof-of-work mechanism or the proof-of-stake mechanism, or.....

Which Smart Blockchain does not require any of them at all.

Unfortunately, the electricity consumption of one single bitcoin’s

transaction is 200,000 times more than electricity consumption of

a one single VISA’s transaction. The annual electricity

consumption used to store and register the entire Bitcoin’s

transactions is more than 50 terawatts (1 TWh = 3 600 000 000

000 000 J) that is equal to the annual power consumption of a

country with ten million populations. The study was published in

October 2018 on global climate change, which showed that in less

than three decades, Bitcoin mining could increase global

temperatures more than 2 degrees Celsius.



Fortunately, Smart Blockchain transactions and regular Visa Card

transactions won’t differ on power consumption. The data stored

by the BPSC is flawless because it is registered at the moment of

the transaction occurrence automatically and without human

interference. Smart Blockchain simply can end the nightmare of

spending extra tens TWh electricity.



By using Smart Blockchain, we should no longer be concerned

about the fees of miners and block producers. BPSCs will

automatically and freely carry out all the tasks of the miners. Also,

Smart Blockchain scalability is not comparable to available one

and can compete with the speed of Visa’s transactions.



## What is the use of Smart Blockchain?

**First use:** In networks like Ethereum, EOS, etc. which is possible to

register and deploy the smart contracts, simply we can set up a

dedicated blockchain for each new smart contract. In this way, as

soon as the new smart contract is launched, a BPSC will be

launched, and from the very beginning, all of the transactions of a

smart contract will be stored and registered into the BPSC’s

ledger. In this case, the dedicated blockchain will not need any

data from Ethereum blockchain, EOS, etc., and it will work

independently. Meanwhile, at coding, this BPSC can be coded and

launched separately, or BPSC codes can be imported into the

desired smart contract codes.



**Second use:** For each Ethereum networks, EOS, and etc. that allow

registering and deploying the smart contracts, the whole existing

Blockchains can be replaced with Smart Blockchain. To do this,

after launching a dedicated BPSC into the network, the precise

and final status of all existing wallet is to be made available to the

BPSC, Also thereafter all the subsequent network transactions will

be done via BPSC.



**Third use:** If we want to use Smart Blockchain for networks such

as Bitcoin which is not possible to set up any smart contract, we

should first launch a new decentralized network that allows

registration and deployment of smart contracts like the Ethereum

network. Then, in this new network, we design and activate a

block producer smart contract BPSC. After assuring of the

functionality of BPSC on the new network, we must ask all Bitcoin

owners to get the equivalent of their bitcoin, from the new

Blockchain’s cryptocurrency, and at the same time, their initial

bitcoin should be burned. These are done by the BPSC of a

network, and the BPSC can record the initial balance of any wallet

in the network and begin its work immediately.



**Fourth use:** Smart Blockchain can be used to launch entirely new

blockchain and certainly everything can be designed from scratch.

Meanwhile, regarding the Smart Blockchain’s features, we might

soon see one or more non-decentralized global networks that

include all types of cryptocurrencies and smart contracts with

independent blockchain.



## More Information



https://www.soliset.com

https://www.newchains.info 






# Implementing a "Smart Blockchain" with python

In this article, we are going to implement a simple and plain "smart blockchain" with Python language and compare it with a blockchain. We hope that by doing this, the main concepts and advantages of this technology will be more clearly specified and welcomed by the developers and the blockchain community. A Block Producer Smart Contract (BPSC) exists in a plain "smart blockchain" network. To make a successful transaction in the network, the sender must first transfer the cryptocurrency to the (BPSC) wallet, and immediately the (BPSC) will automatically send the same cryptocurrency to the final recipient's wallet. This seemingly simple task saves accurate and impervious data from all successful transactions in the (BPSC) Smart Contract. The present article was written in April 2020 by Somayeh Gholami and Mehran Kazeminia in two versions in English and Persian.



### Summary and conclusion:

To simulate the (BPSC) block producer smart contract, we considered a node with a port number 5000 and implemented the following three files:



bpsc101.py This version is not final and cannot be interacted with other nodes.



bpsc102.py This is the final version and all cases have been tested for this version. We tested the transaction request, the mining request, the request to send the last chain for the other nodes, and so on.



bpsc103.py This version is also final, but in this version, we have added a new feature to the previous version. That is, (BPSC) required to create a new block after each transaction and add that block to its chain.



The ports 5001 and 5002 have the representation of other network nodes. To simulate these nodes, we implemented the following two versions:



nodes_v1_5001.py and nodes_v1_5002.py

This version is according to "Smart Blockchain" technology and final. Although these nodes cannot produce blocks, they can do their transactions through (BPSC) and also receive the last chain from (BPSC).



nodes_v2_5001.py and nodes_v2_5002.py

This is also final, but in this version, we have added a new feature to the previous version. It means a simple blockchain (To store personal data) has been added to the previous code.



### https://www.soliset.com/python-smart-blockchain