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https://github.com/mentalisttraceur/python-compose


https://github.com/mentalisttraceur/python-compose

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compose
=======

The classic ``compose``, with all the Pythonic features.

This ``compose`` follows the lead of ``functools.partial``
and returns callable ``compose`` objects which:

* have a regular and unambiguous ``repr``,
* retain correct signature introspection,
* allow introspection of the composed callables,
* can be type-checked,
* can be weakly referenced,
* can have attributes,
* will merge when nested, and
* can be pickled (if all composed callables can be pickled).

For ``async``/``await`` support, different variants of
``compose`` are included.

Versioning
----------

This library's version numbers follow the `SemVer 2.0.0
specification `_.

Installation
------------

::

pip install compose

For static type checking, also install `the type hint
stubs `_:

::

pip install compose-stubs

Usage
-----

Basics
~~~~~~

Import ``compose``:

.. code:: python

>>> from compose import compose

All the usual function composition you know and love:

.. code:: python

>>> def double(x):
... return x * 2
...
>>> def increment(x):
... return x + 1
...
>>> double_then_increment = compose(increment, double)
>>> double_then_increment(1)
3

Of course any number of functions can be composed:

.. code:: python

>>> def double(x):
... return x * 2
...
>>> times_eight = compose(double, double, double)
>>> times_16 = compose(double, double, double, double)

We still get the correct signature introspection:

.. code:: python

>>> def f(a, b, c=0, **kwargs):
... pass
...
>>> def g(x):
... pass
...
>>> g_of_f = compose(g, f)
>>> import inspect
>>> inspect.signature(g_of_f)

And we can inspect all the composed callables:

.. code:: python

>>> g_of_f.functions # in order of execution:
(, )

``compose`` instances flatten when nested:

.. code:: python

>>> times_eight_times_two = compose(double, times_eight)
>>> times_eight_times_two.functions == times_16.functions
True

When programmatically inspecting arbitrary callables, we
can check if we are looking at a ``compose`` instance:

.. code:: python

>>> isinstance(g_of_f, compose)
True

``compose`` raises a ``TypeError`` when called with
no arguments or with any non-callable arguments:

.. code:: python

>>> compose()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: compose() needs at least one argument

.. code:: python

>>> compose(increment, 'oops', increment)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: compose() arguments must be callable

``async``/``await``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

We can compose ``async`` code by using ``acompose``:

.. code:: python

>>> import asyncio
>>> from compose import acompose
>>>
>>> async def get_data():
... # pretend this data is fetched from some async API
... await asyncio.sleep(0)
... return 42
...
>>> get_and_double_data = acompose(double, get_data)
>>> asyncio.run(get_and_double_data())
84

``acompose`` can compose any number of ``async``
and regular functions, in any order:

.. code:: python

>>> async def async_double(x):
... await asyncio.sleep(0)
... return x * 2
...
>>> async_times_16 = acompose(async_double, double, async_double, double)
>>> asyncio.run(async_times_16(1))
16

``acompose`` instances always return awaitable values,
even if none of the composed functions are ``async``:

.. code:: python

>>> awaitable_times_16 = acompose(double, double, double, double)
>>> asyncio.run(awaitable_times_16(1))
16

``sacompose`` is like ``acompose``, but ``sacompose``
instances return an awaitable value only if any of
the composed functions return an awaitable value:

.. code:: python

>>> from compose import sacompose
>>>
>>> regular_times_4 = sacompose(double, double)
>>> async_times_4 = sacompose(double, async_double)
>>>
>>> regular_times_4(1)
4
>>> asyncio.run(async_times_4(1))
4

If |markcoroutinefunction|_ is available,
``acompose`` and ``sacompose`` instances
will be correctly detected as coroutine functions:

.. |markcoroutinefunction| replace:: ``inspect.markcoroutinefunction``
.. _markcoroutinefunction: https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html#inspect.markcoroutinefunction

.. code:: python

>>> inspect.iscoroutinefunction(async_times_16)
True
>>> inspect.iscoroutinefunction(awaitable_times_16)
True
>>> inspect.iscoroutinefunction(regular_times_4)
False
>>> inspect.iscoroutinefunction(async_times_4)
True

``acompose`` and ``sacompose`` instances flatten when nested:

.. code:: python

>>> acompose(f, acompose(f, f)).functions == (f, f, f)
True
>>> acompose(sacompose(f, f), f).functions == (f, f, f)
True
>>> sacompose(acompose(f, f), f).functions == (f, f, f)
True
>>> sacompose(f, sacompose(f, f)).functions == (f, f, f)
True

But ``compose`` instances *don't* flatten when nested
into ``acompose`` and ``sacompose``, and vice versa:

.. code:: python

>>> acompose(g_of_f).functions
(compose(, ),)
>>> sacompose(g_of_f).functions
(compose(, ),)
>>> compose(acompose(g, f)).functions
(acompose(, ),)
>>> compose(sacompose(g, f)).functions
(sacompose(, ),)

``compose``, ``acompose``, and ``sacompose``
instances are all distinct types:

.. code:: python

>>> isinstance(g_of_f, compose)
True
>>> isinstance(g_of_f, (acompose, sacompose))
False
>>> isinstance(async_times_16, acompose)
True
>>> isinstance(async_times_16, (compose, sacompose))
False
>>> isinstance(async_times_4, sacompose)
True
>>> isinstance(async_times_4, (compose, acompose))
False