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https://github.com/michalmalik/osx-re-101

A collection of resources for OSX/iOS reverse engineering.
https://github.com/michalmalik/osx-re-101

Last synced: 12 days ago
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A collection of resources for OSX/iOS reverse engineering.

Awesome Lists containing this project

README 

        
osx & ios re 101

==========



Work in progress as I am actively collecting these.



#### Must read



- https://reverse.put.as/

- https://blog.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/mac-os-x/

- https://www.synack.com/blog/r-d-projects/os-x-security-research/

- https://pewpewthespells.com/re.html

- https://github.com/bx/machO-tools

- https://github.com/kpwn/iOSRE



#### Keep these handy

- "OSX Mach-O File Format Reference" https://pewpewthespells.com/re/Mach-O_File_Format.pdf

- "OSX ABI" https://pewpewthespells.com/re/Mac_OS_X_ABI_Function_Calls.pdf

- Mach-O structures https://opensource.apple.com/source/xnu/xnu-2050.18.24/EXTERNAL_HEADERS/mach-o/loader.h

- "OSX BSD system calls" https://sigsegv.pl/osx-bsd-syscalls/

- https://opensource.apple.com/source/xnu/xnu-2050.18.24/bsd/kern/syscalls.master



#### Basics



- "Universal Binary: The Mach-O file format" https://cocoaintheshell.whine.fr/2009/07/universal-binary-mach-o-format/

- "Basics of the Mach-O file format" https://samhuri.net/posts/2010/01/basics-of-the-mach-o-file-format/

- "How OS X Executes Applications" http://0xfe.blogspot.de/2006/03/how-os-x-executes-applications.html

- "Infecting Mach-O object format" https://papers.put.as/papers/macosx/2005/mach-o_infection.ppt

- "Under the iHood" https://www.defcon.org/images/defcon-16/dc16-presentations/defcon-16-hotchkies.pdf

- "Dissection of minimal Intel 32-bits, 204 bytes, Mach-O "Hello World" executable file" http://seriot.ch/hello_macho.php

- "Crafting a Tiny Mach-O Executable" http://osxbook.com/blog/2009/03/15/crafting-a-tiny-mach-o-executable/

- "Parsing Mach-O files" http://lowlevelbits.org/parse-mach-o-files/

- "ELF vs. Mach-O" http://timetobleed.com/dynamic-linking-elf-vs-mach-o/

- "ELF vs. Mach-O 2" http://timetobleed.com/dynamic-symbol-table-duel-elf-vs-mach-o-round-2/

- "NASM Hello World for x86 and x86_64 Intel Mac OS X" https://gist.github.com/FiloSottile/7125822

- "Reverse Engineering the OS: A Practical Guide" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQWH55yIgYU



#### Malware, Anti-debugging, infection techniques, obfuscation, and encryption



- "Infecting Mach-O" http://nicolascormier.com/documentation/security/Infecting_Mach-O_Files.pdf

- "Abusing the Mach-O format" http://cocoaintheshell.com/2009/10/abusing-mach-o

- "Multi-Platform Viruses Made Easy - A Case Study" http://vxer.org/lib/vjp00.html

- "Running executables on macOS from memory" https://blog.cylance.com/running-executables-on-macos-from-memory

- macos_execute_from_memory https://github.com/prsecurity/macos_execute_from_memory/blob/master/main.c

- "Understanding Apple's Binary Protection in Mac OS X" http://osxbook.com/book/bonus/chapter7/binaryprotection/

- "Macs get sick too" http://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=videos/derbycon6/104-macs-get-sick-too-tyler-halfpop-jacob-soo

- "A Peek Under the Hood of iOS Malware" http://webdiis.unizar.es/~ricardo/files/papers/GR-WMA-16.pdf

- "Crafting macOS Rootkits" https://www.zdziarski.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Crafting-macOS-Root-Kits.pdf

- "Revisiting Mac OS X Kernel Rootkits" http://phrack.org/issues/69/7.html#article

- "Methods of malware persistence on Mac OS X" https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf

- "Let's Play: Practical OS X Malware Detection & Analysis" https://www.synack.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/RSA_OSX_Malware.pdf



#### Various research & tutorials



- "Reversing and Keygenning qwertyoruiop's Crackme" https://reverse.put.as/2018/10/06/reversing-and-keygenning-qwertyoruiop-crackme/

- "Cracking Tutorial #1 - "Sandwich" CrackMe" http://reverse.put.as/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Sandwich_crackme_tut_qwertyoruiop.txt

- "Solving crackmes with LDPRELOAD" http://radare.today/solving-crackmes-with-ldpreload/

- "Analyzing Binaries with Hopper’s Decompiler" http://abad1dea.tumblr.com/post/23487860422/analyzing-binaries-with-hoppers-decompiler

- "Reverse Engineering Hopper Disassembler v3.9.9" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCITcLqgS9Q

- "Reverse-Engineering iOS Apps: Hacking on Lyft" https://realm.io/news/conrad-kramer-reverse-engineering-ios-apps-lyft/

- "Jailbreak iOS 8.1.2 and Analyze Related Exploits" http://proteaswang.blogspot.com/2017/04/jailbreak-ios-812-and-analyze-related.html

-  "Attacking The XNU Kernel in El Capitan" https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-15/materials/eu-15-Todesco-Attacking-The-XNU-Kernal-In-El-Capitain.pdf

- "Shooting the OSX El Capitan Kernel Like a Sniper" https://speakerdeck.com/flankerhqd/shooting-the-osx-el-capitan-kernel-like-a-sniper

- "The Italian morons are back! What are they up to this time?" https://reverse.put.as/2016/02/29/the-italian-morons-are-back-what-are-they-up-to-this-time/

- "The Journey of a complete OSX privilege escalation with a single vulnerability - Part 1" http://keenlab.tencent.com/en/2016/07/29/The-Journey-of-a-complete-OSX-privilege-escalation-with-a-single-vulnerability-Part-1/

- "iOS 10 Kernel Heap Revisted" http://gsec.hitb.org/materials/sg2016/D2%20-%20Stefan%20Esser%20-%20iOS%2010%20Kernel%20Heap%20Revisited.pdf

- "Who needs decrypted kernels anyways?" http://blog.offcellresearch.com/security/apple/ios/kernel/2016/08/23/who-needs-decrypted-kernels-anyways.html

- "Mac OS X Privilege Escalation via Use-After-Free: CVE-2016-1828" https://bazad.github.io/2016/05/mac-os-x-use-after-free/

- "PEGASUS iOS Kernel Vulnerability Explained" http://sektioneins.de/en/blog/16-09-02-pegasus-ios-kernel-vulnerability-explained.html

- "Behind the Scenes with iOS Security" https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-16/materials/us-16-Krstic.pdf

- "The Apple Sandbox: Deeper Into The Quagmire" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mG715HcDgO8

- “A deep-dive into the many flavors of IPC available on OS X.” https://vimeo.com/127859750

- "Analysis of iOS 9.3.3 Jailbreak & Security Enhancements of iOS 10" http://powerofcommunity.net/poc2016/pangu.pdf

- "Fried Apples: Jailbreak DIY" https://speakerdeck.com/mbazaliy/fried-apples-jailbreak-diy

- "Reversing a macOS Kernel Extension" (DSMOS) http://lightbulbone.com/2016/10/04/intro-to-macos-kernel-debugging.html

- "Demystifying the Secure Enclave Processor" http://mista.nu/research/sep-paper.pdf

- "Leveraging Apple's Game Engine to Detect macOS Threats" https://objectivebythesea.com/v1/talks/OBTS_v1_Malm_Stein.pdf

- "Get Cozy with OpenBSM Auditing" https://objective-see.com/talks/Wardle_ShmooCon2018.pdf

- "Real-time auditing on macOS with OpenBSM" https://meliot.me/2017/07/02/mac-os-real-time-auditing/



#### Kernel extension (KEXT) development



- "KEXT Controls and Notifications" https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/Darwin/Conceptual/NKEConceptual/control/control.html

- "Network Kernel Extensions Reference" https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/Darwin/Conceptual/NKEConceptual/reference/reference.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40001858-CH232-BBAGGGED

- "Working with TrustedBSD in Mac OS X" https://sysdev.me/trusted-bsd-in-osx/

- "BUILDING AN APPLE OSX KERNEL MODULE WITH CMAKE – C/C" http://www.goodbits.ca/index.php/2017/09/25/building-an-apple-osx-kernel-module-with-cmake-cc/

- "Debugging macOS Kernel using VirtualBox" https://klue.github.io/blog/2017/04/macos_kernel_debugging_vbox/

- "Remote Kext Debugging" https://rednaga.io/2017/04/09/remote_kext_debugging/

- "Introduction to macOS Kernel Debugging" https://lightbulbone.com/posts/2016/10/intro-to-macos-kernel-debugging/

- "Kernel debugging with LLDB and VMWare Fusion" http://ddeville.me/2015/08/kernel-debugging-with-lldb-and-vmware-fusion

- "Monitoring Process Creation via the Kernel (Part I)" https://objective-see.com/blog.html#blogEntry9

- "Monitoring Process Creation via the Kernel (Part II)" https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x0A.html

- "Monitoring Process Creation via the Kernel (Part III)" https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x0B.html

- "Monitoring macOS, Part I: Monitoring Process Execution via MACF" https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/monitoring-macos--part-i--monitoring-process-execution-via-macf.html

- "Monitoring macOS, Part II: Monitoring File System Events and Dylib Loading via MACF" https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/monitor-file-system-events-and-dylib-loading-via-macf-on-macos.html

- "Monitoring macOS, Part III: Monitoring Network Activities Using Socket Filters" https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/monitoring-macos--part-iii--monitoring-network-activities-using-.html

- "A binary whitelisting/blacklisting system for Mac OS X" https://github.com/google/santa



#### Other

- "The Python bites your apple - fuzzing and exploiting OSX Kernel bugs" https://speakerdeck.com/flankerhqd/the-python-bites-your-apple-fuzzing-and-exploiting-osx-kernel-bugs

- "Artefacts and tricks for Mac OS X" http://sud0man.blogspot.fr/2015/05/artefacts-for-mac-os-x.html?m=1

- "Collection of forensics artifacs location for Mac OS X and iOS" https://github.com/pstirparo/mac4n6

- "New macOS Sierra (10.12) Forensic Artifacts – Introducing Unified Logging" https://www.mac4n6.com/blog/2016/11/13/new-macos-sierra-1012-forensic-artifacts-introducing-unified-logging

- "A curated list of shell commands and tools specific to OS X" https://github.com/herrbischoff/awesome-osx-command-line

- "OS X Security and Privacy Guide" https://github.com/drduh/OS-X-Security-and-Privacy-Guide

- "A launchd tutorial" http://launchd.info/

- https://objective-see.com/index.html

- "OS X malloc introspection tool" https://github.com/blankwall/MacHeap

- "MacOS Hardening Guide" http://newosxbook.com/files/moxii3/AppendixA.pdf by Jonathan Levin

- "Checkout4Mac" http://sud0man.blogspot.sk/2016/10/new-version-of-checkout4mac-02.html

- "OSX kernel fuzzer" https://github.com/SilverMoonSecurity/PassiveFuzzFrameworkOSX

- "iOS instrumentation without jailbreak" https://www.nccgroup.trust/uk/about-us/newsroom-and-events/blogs/2016/october/ios-instrumentation-without-jailbreak/

- "MacOS monitoring the open source way" https://blogs.dropbox.com/tech/2018/04/4696/

- "Mac OS X El Capitan (10.11) and task_for_pid()" https://attilathedud.me/mac-os-x-el-capitan-10-11-and-task_for_pid/



#### Crackmes and challenges



- https://reverse.put.as/crackmes/

- "Exercises" section in http://beginners.re/Reverse_Engineering_for_Beginners-en.pdf



#### Books



- "The Mac Hacker's Handbook" by Charlie Miller, Dino Dai Zovi

- "Mac OS X and iOS Internals: To the Apple's Core" by Jonathan Levin

- "Mac OS X Internals: A Systems Approach" by Amit Singh

- "iOS App Reverse Engineering" https://github.com/iosre/iOSAppReverseEngineering

- "iOS Hacker's Handbook" by Charlie Miller, Dion Blazakis, Dino Dai Zovi, Stefan Esser, Vincenzo Iozzo, Ralf-Philip Weinmann 

- "Hacking and Securing iOS Applications" by Jonathan Zdziarski