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https://github.com/miladrahimi/phprouter

PhpRouter is a full-featured yet very fast HTTP URL router for PHP projects
https://github.com/miladrahimi/phprouter

http-router http-routing php php-router php-router-standalone php-routing phprouter psr-7 router routing url-router url-routing

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PhpRouter is a full-featured yet very fast HTTP URL router for PHP projects

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README 

        
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# PhpRouter



PhpRouter is a full-featured yet very fast HTTP URL router for PHP projects.



Some of the provided features:

* Route parameters

* Predefined route parameter patterns

* Middleware

* Closure and class controllers/middleware

* Route groups (by prefix, middleware, and domain)

* Route naming (and generating route by name)

* PSR-7 requests and responses

* Views (simple PHP/HTML views)

* Multiple (sub)domains (using regex patterns)

* Custom HTTP methods

* Integrated with an IoC Container ([PhpContainer](https://github.com/miladrahimi/phpcontainer))

* Method and constructor auto-injection of Request, Route, Url, etc



The current version requires PHP `v7.4` or newer versions including `v8.*`.



## Contents

- [Versions](#versions)

- [Documentation](#documentation)

    - [Installation](#installation)

    - [Configuration](#configuration)

    - [Getting Started](#getting-started)

    - [HTTP Methods](#http-methods)

    - [Controllers](#controllers)

    - [Route Parameters](#route-parameters)

    - [Requests and Responses](#requests-and-responses)

    - [Views](#views)

    - [Route Groups](#route-groups)

    - [Middleware](#middleware)

    - [Domains and Subdomains](#domains-and-subdomains)

    - [Route Names](#route-names)

    - [Current Route](#current-route)

    - [Error Handling](#error-handling)

- [License](#license)



## Versions

* **v5.x.x** (Current, Supported)

* v4.x.x

* v3.x.x

* v2.x.x

* v1.x.x



## Documentation



### Installation



Install [Composer](https://getcomposer.org) and run following command in your project's root directory:



```bash

composer require miladrahimi/phprouter "5.*"

```



### Configuration



First of all,

you need to configure your webserver to handle all the HTTP requests with a single PHP file like the `index.php` file.

Here you can see sample configurations for NGINX and Apache HTTP Server.



* NGINX configuration sample:

    ```nginx

    location / {

        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;

    }

    ```



* Apache `.htaccess` sample:

    ```apacheconfig

    

        

            Options -MultiViews

        



        RewriteEngine On



        RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d

        RewriteRule ^(.*)/$ /$1 [L,R=301]



        RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d

        RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f

        RewriteRule ^ index.php [L]

    

    ```



### Getting Started



It's so easy to work with PhpRouter! Just take a look at the following example.



*  JSON API Example:



    ```php

    use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;

    use Laminas\Diactoros\Response\JsonResponse;



    $router = Router::create();



    $router->get('/', function () {

        return new JsonResponse(['message' => 'ok']);

    });



    $router->dispatch();

    ```



* View Example:



    ```php

    use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;

    use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\View\View



    $router = Router::create();

    $router->setupView('/../views');



    $router->get('/', function (View $view) {

        return $view->make('profile', ['user' => 'Jack']);

    });



    $router->dispatch();

    ```



### HTTP Methods



The following example illustrates how to declare different routes for different HTTP methods.



```php

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;



$router = Router::create();



$router->get('/', function () { /* ... */ });

$router->post('/', function () { /* ... */ });

$router->put('/', function () { /* ... */ });

$router->patch('/', function () { /* ... */ });

$router->delete('/', function () { /* ... */ });



$router->dispatch();

```



You can use the `define()` method for other HTTP methods like this example:



```php

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;



$router = Router::create();



$router->define('GET', '/', function () { /* ... */ });

$router->define('OPTIONS', '/', function () { /* ... */ });

$router->define('CUSTOM', '/', function () { /* ... */ });



$router->dispatch();

```



If you don't care about HTTP verbs, you can use the `any()` method.



```php

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;



$router = Router::create();



$router->any('/', function () {

    return 'This is Home! No matter what the HTTP method is!';

});



$router->dispatch();

```



### Controllers



#### Closure Controllers



```php

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;



$router = Router::create();



$router->get('/', function () {

    return 'This is a closure controller!';

});



$router->dispatch();

```



#### Class Method Controllers



```php

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;



class UsersController

{

    function index()

    {

        return 'Class: UsersController & Method: index';

    }



    function handle()

    {

        return 'Class UsersController.';

    }

}



$router = Router::create();



// Controller: Class=UsersController Method=index()

$router->get('/method', [UsersController::class, 'index']);



// Controller: Class=UsersController Method=handle()

$router->get('/class', UsersController::class);



$router->dispatch();

```



### Route Parameters



A URL might have one or more variable parts like product IDs on a shopping website.

We call it a route parameter.

You can catch them by controller method arguments like the example below.



```php

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;



$router = Router::create();



// Required parameter

$router->get('/post/{id}', function ($id) {

    return "The content of post $id";

});



// Optional parameter

$router->get('/welcome/{name?}', function ($name = null) {

    return 'Welcome ' . ($name ?: 'Dear User');

});



// Optional parameter, Optional / (Slash)!

$router->get('/profile/?{user?}', function ($user = null) {

    return ($user ?: 'Your') . ' profile';

});



// Optional parameter with default value

$router->get('/roles/{role?}', function ($role = 'guest') {

    return "Your role is $role";

});



// Multiple parameters

$router->get('/post/{pid}/comment/{cid}', function ($pid, $cid) {

    return "The comment $cid of the post $pid";

});



$router->dispatch();

```



#### Route Parameter Patterns



In default, route parameters can have any value, but you can define regex patterns to limit them.



```php

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;



$router = Router::create();



// "id" must be numeric

$router->pattern('id', '[0-9]+');



$router->get('/post/{id}', function (int $id) { /* ... */ });



$router->dispatch();

```



### Requests and Responses



PhpRouter uses [laminas-diactoros](https://github.com/laminas/laminas-diactoros/)

(formerly known as [zend-diactoros](https://github.com/zendframework/zend-diactoros))

package (v2) to provide [PSR-7](https://www.php-fig.org/psr/psr-7)

request and response objects to your controllers and middleware.



#### Requests



You can catch the request object in your controllers like this example:



```php

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;

use Laminas\Diactoros\ServerRequest;

use Laminas\Diactoros\Response\JsonResponse;



$router = Router::create();



$router->get('/', function (ServerRequest $request) {

    $method  = $request->getMethod();

    $uriPath = $request->getUri()->getPath();

    $headers = $request->getHeaders();

    $queryParameters = $request->getQueryParams();

    $bodyContents    = $request->getBody()->getContents();

    // ...

});



$router->dispatch();

```



#### Responses



The example below illustrates the built-in responses.



```php

use Laminas\Diactoros\Response\RedirectResponse;

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;

use Laminas\Diactoros\Response\EmptyResponse;

use Laminas\Diactoros\Response\HtmlResponse;

use Laminas\Diactoros\Response\JsonResponse;

use Laminas\Diactoros\Response\TextResponse;



$router = Router::create();



$router->get('/html/1', function () {

    return 'This is an HTML response';

});

$router->get('/html/2', function () {

    return new HtmlResponse('This is also an HTML response', 200);

});

$router->get('/json', function () {

    return new JsonResponse(['error' => 'Unauthorized!'], 401);

});

$router->get('/text', function () {

    return new TextResponse('This is a plain text...');

});

$router->get('/empty', function () {

    return new EmptyResponse(204);

});

$router->get('/redirect', function () {

    return new RedirectResponse('https://miladrahimi.com');

});



$router->dispatch();

```



### Views



You might need to create a classic-style website that uses views.

PhpRouter has a simple feature for working with PHP/HTML views.

Look at the following example.



```php

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\View\View



$router = Router::create();



// Setup view feature and set the directory of view files

$router->setupView(__DIR__ . '/../views');



$router->get('/profile', function (View $view) {

    // It looks for a view with path: __DIR__/../views/profile.phtml

    return $view->make('profile', ['user' => 'Jack']);

});



$router->get('/blog/post', function (View $view) {

    // It looks for a view with path: __DIR__/../views/blog/post.phtml

    return $view->make('blog.post', ['post' => $post]);

});



$router->dispatch();

```



There is also some points:

* View files must have the ".phtml" extension (e.g. `profile.phtml`).

* You can separate directories with `.` (e.g. `blog.post` for `blog/post.phtml`).



View files are pure PHP or mixed with HTML.

You should use PHP language with template style in the view files.

This is a sample view file:



```php



    

        

            
  • 

        



```



### Route Groups



You can categorize routes into groups.

The groups can have common attributes like middleware, domain, or prefix.

The following example shows how to group routes:



```php

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;



$router = Router::create();



// A group with uri prefix

$router->group(['prefix' => '/admin'], function (Router $router) {

    // URI: /admin/setting

    $router->get('/setting', function () {

        return 'Setting Panel';

    });

});



// All of group attributes together!

$attributes = [

    'prefix' => '/admin',

    'domain' => 'shop.example.com',

    'middleware' => [AuthMiddleware::class],

];



$router->group($attributes, function (Router $router) {

    // URL: http://shop.example.com/admin/users

    // Domain: shop.example.com

    // Middleware: AuthMiddleware

    $router->get('/users', [UsersController::class, 'index']);

});



$router->dispatch();

```



The group attributes will be explained later in this documentation.



You can use [Attributes](src/Routing/Attributes.php) enum, as well.



### Middleware



PhpRouter supports middleware.

You can use it for different purposes, such as authentication, authorization, throttles, and so forth.

Middleware runs before and after controllers, and it can check and manipulate requests and responses.



Here you can see the request lifecycle considering some middleware:



```

[Request]  ↦ Router ↦ Middleware 1 ↦ ... ↦ Middleware N ↦ Controller

                                                              ↧

[Response] ↤ Router ↤ Middleware 1 ↤ ... ↤ Middleware N ↤ [Response]

```



To declare a middleware, you can use closures and classes just like controllers.

To use the middleware, you must group the routes and mention the middleware in the group attributes.

Caution! The middleware attribute in groups takes an array of middleware, not a single one.



```php

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;

use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;

use Laminas\Diactoros\Response\JsonResponse;



class AuthMiddleware

{

    public function handle(ServerRequestInterface $request, Closure $next)

    {

        if ($request->getHeader('Authorization')) {            

            // Call the next middleware/controller

            return $next($request);

        }



        return new JsonResponse(['error' => 'Unauthorized!'], 401);

    }

}



$router = Router::create();



// The middleware attribute takes an array of middleware, not a single one!

$router->group(['middleware' => [AuthMiddleware::class]], function(Router $router) {

    $router->get('/admin', function () {

        return 'Admin API';

    });

});



$router->dispatch();

```



As you can see, the middleware catches the request and the `$next` closure.

The closure calls the next middleware or the controller if no middleware is left.

The middleware must return a response, as well.

A middleware can break the lifecycle and return a response itself,

or it can call the `$next` closure to continue the lifecycle.



### Domains and Subdomains



Your application may serve different services on different domains or subdomains.

In this case, you can specify the domain or subdomain for your routes.

See this example:



```php

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;



$router = Router::create();



// Domain

$router->group(['domain' => 'shop.com'], function(Router $router) {

    $router->get('/', function () {

        return 'This is shop.com';

    });

});



// Subdomain

$router->group(['domain' => 'admin.shop.com'], function(Router $router) {

    $router->get('/', function () {

        return 'This is admin.shop.com';

    });

});



// Subdomain with regex pattern

$router->group(['domain' => '(.*).example.com'], function(Router $router) {

    $router->get('/', function () {

        return 'This is a subdomain';

    });

});



$router->dispatch();

```



### Route Names



You can assign names to your routes and use them in your codes instead of the hard-coded URLs.

See this example:



```php

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;

use Laminas\Diactoros\Response\JsonResponse;

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Url;



$router = Router::create();



$router->get('/about', [AboutController::class, 'show'], 'about');

$router->get('/post/{id}', [PostController::class, 'show'], 'post');

$router->get('/links', function (Url $url) {

    return new JsonResponse([

        'about' => $url->make('about'),             /* Result: /about  */

        'post1' => $url->make('post', ['id' => 1]), /* Result: /post/1 */

        'post2' => $url->make('post', ['id' => 2])  /* Result: /post/2 */

    ]);

});



$router->dispatch();

```



### Current Route



You might need to get information about the current route in your controller or middleware.

This example shows how to get this information.



```php

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;

use Laminas\Diactoros\Response\JsonResponse;

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Routing\Route;



$router = Router::create();



$router->get('/{id}', function (Route $route) {

    return new JsonResponse([

        'uri'    => $route->getUri(),            /* Result: "/1" */

        'name'   => $route->getName(),           /* Result: "sample" */

        'path'   => $route->getPath(),           /* Result: "/{id}" */

        'method' => $route->getMethod(),         /* Result: "GET" */

        'domain' => $route->getDomain(),         /* Result: null */

        'parameters' => $route->getParameters(), /* Result: {"id": "1"} */

        'middleware' => $route->getMiddleware(), /* Result: []  */

        'controller' => $route->getController(), /* Result: {}  */

    ]);

}, 'sample');



$router->dispatch();

```



### IoC Container



PhpRouter uses [PhpContainer](https://github.com/miladrahimi/phpcontainer) to provide an IoC container for the package itself and your application's dependencies.



#### How does PhpRouter use the container?



PhpRouter binds route parameters, HTTP Request, Route (Current route), Url (URL generator), Container itself.

The controller method or constructor can resolve these dependencies and catch them.



#### How can your app use the container?



Just look at the following example.



```php

use MiladRahimi\PhpContainer\Container;

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;



$router = Router::create();



$router->getContainer()->singleton(Database::class, MySQL::class);

$router->getContainer()->singleton(Config::class, JsonConfig::class);



// Resolve directly

$router->get('/', function (Database $database, Config $config) {

    // Use MySQL and JsonConfig...

});



// Resolve container

$router->get('/', function (Container $container) {

    $database = $container->get(Database::class);

    $config = $container->get(Config::class);

});



$router->dispatch();

```



Check [PhpContainer](https://github.com/miladrahimi/phpcontainer) for more information about this powerful IoC container.



### Error Handling



Your application runs through the `Router::dispatch()` method.

You should put it in a `try` block and catch exceptions.

It throws your application and PhpRouter exceptions.



```php

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Router;

use MiladRahimi\PhpRouter\Exceptions\RouteNotFoundException;

use Laminas\Diactoros\Response\HtmlResponse;



$router = Router::create();



$router->get('/', function () {

    return 'Home.';

});



try {

    $router->dispatch();

} catch (RouteNotFoundException $e) {

    // It's 404!

    $router->getPublisher()->publish(new HtmlResponse('Not found.', 404));

} catch (Throwable $e) {

    // Log and report...

    $router->getPublisher()->publish(new HtmlResponse('Internal error.', 500));

}

```



PhpRouter throws the following exceptions:



* `RouteNotFoundException` if PhpRouter cannot find any route that matches the user request.

* `InvalidCallableException` if PhpRouter cannot invoke the controller or middleware.



The `RouteNotFoundException` should be considered `404 Not found` error.



## License



PhpRouter is initially created by [Milad Rahimi](https://miladrahimi.com) and released under the [MIT License](http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php).