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https://github.com/mre/idiomatic-rust

๐Ÿฆ€ A peer-reviewed collection of articles/talks/repos which teach concise, idiomatic Rust.
https://github.com/mre/idiomatic-rust

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๐Ÿฆ€ A peer-reviewed collection of articles/talks/repos which teach concise, idiomatic Rust.

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[![Check Links](https://github.com/mre/idiomatic-rust/workflows/Check%20Links/badge.svg)](https://github.com/mre/idiomatic-rust/actions/workflows/check_links.yml)

This repository collects resources for writing clean, idiomatic Rust code.
You can find a sortable/searchable version of this list [here](https://corrode.dev/idiomatic-rust/).

> _Idiomatic_ coding means following the conventions of a given language. It is
> the most concise, convenient, and common way of accomplishing a task in that
> language, rather than forcing it to work in a way the author is familiar with
> from a different language. - Adapted from [Tim
> Mansfield](https://github.com/tim-hr/stuff/wiki/Idiomatic-coding)

Contributions welcome! To add missing resources, [please refer to the contributing documentation](https://github.com/mre/idiomatic-rust/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).

## โš™ Projects

- [blessed.rs](https://blessed.rs/) โ€” An unofficial guide to the Rust ecosystem. Suggestions for popular, well-maintained crates.

- [cheats.rs - Idiomatic Rust tips](https://cheats.rs/) โ€” A list of quick tips to make your code more idiomatic.

- [clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy) โ€” A bunch of lints to catch common mistakes and improve your Rust code.

- [Elements of Rust](https://github.com/ferrous-systems/elements-of-rust) โ€” A collection of software engineering techniques for effectively expressing intent with Rust.

- [Patterns](https://rust-unofficial.github.io/patterns/) โ€” A catalogue of design patterns in Rust.

- [Possible Rust](https://www.possiblerust.com/) โ€” A blog for intermediate Rust programmers exploring real-world code and design patterns.

- [Rust Anthology](https://github.com/brson/rust-anthology) โ€” The best short-form writing about Rust, collected.

- [Rust API Guidelines](https://rust-lang.github.io/api-guidelines/) โ€” An extensive list of recommendations for idiomatic Rust APIs.

- [Rust by Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/) โ€” A community driven collection of example code which follow Rust best practices.

## ๐Ÿ‹ Workshops

- [Build your own JIRA with Rust](https://github.com/LukeMathWalker/build-your-own-jira-with-rust/) โ€” A test-driven workshop to learn Rust by building your own JIRA clone!

- [Comprehensive Rust](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust) โ€” A four day Rust course developed by the Android team, covering all aspects of Rust.

- [Ferrous Systems Teaching Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-material/index.html) โ€” Free workshop material produced by Ferrous Systems for trainings.

- [Hecto: Build your own text editor in Rust](https://www.flenker.blog/hecto/) โ€” This is a series of blog posts that shows you how to build a text editor in Rust

- [Idiomatic Rust Workshop](https://fettblog.eu/slides/idiomatic-rust/) โ€” A talk/workshop about idiomatic Rust code focusing on effective use of existing syntax and design patterns

- [PingCAP talent plan](https://github.com/pingcap/talent-plan) โ€” A series of training courses about writing distributed systems in Rust.

- [Procedural Macros Workshop](https://github.com/dtolnay/proc-macro-workshop) โ€” A selection of projects designed to learn to write Rust procedural macros.

- [Rust 101](https://101-rs.tweede.golf/) โ€” A Rust University course by tweede golf.

- [Rust Development at Sentry](https://develop.sentry.dev/rust/) โ€” A document containing useful resources for getting started with Rust and adhering to Sentry coding principles.

- [rust-lang/rustlings](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings) โ€” Small exercises to get you used to reading and writing Rust code.

## ๐Ÿ“– Books

- [Command Line Applications in Rust](https://rust-cli.github.io/book) โ€” A tutorial on how to write CLI apps in Rust, learning many aspects of the ecosystem.

- [Command-Line Rust](https://github.com/kyclark/command-line-rust) โ€” Learn the language by writing Rust versions of common Unix coreutils.

- [Discover the world of microcontrollers through Rust!](https://rust-embedded.github.io/discovery/) โ€” An introductory course on microcontroller-based embedded systems using Rust.

- [High Assurance Rust](https://highassurance.rs/) โ€” Developing secure and robust software, focusing on embedded-friendly data structures in Rust.

- [Programming Rust: Fast, Safe Systems Development](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/programming-rust-2nd/9781492052586/) โ€” A comprehensive Rust Programming Guide that covers most of Rust's features in detail.

- [Rust Atomics and Locks](https://marabos.nl/atomics/) โ€” Helps Rust programmers of all levels gain a clear understanding of low-level concurrency.

- [Rust Cookbook](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/rust-cookbook) โ€” Examples that demonstrate good practices to accomplish common programming tasks in Rust.

- [Rust for Rustaceans](https://nostarch.com/rust-rustaceans) โ€” Covers how to design reliable, idiomatic, and ergonomic Rust programs based on best principles.

## ๐Ÿ“ฐ Articles

### 2023

- [Aim For Immutability in Rust](https://corrode.dev/blog/immutability/) โ€” Explains why variables are immutable in Rust by default.
- [Compile-Time Invariants in Rust](https://corrode.dev/blog/compile-time-invariants/) โ€” Shows how macros can be used to enforce invariants at compile-time.

### 2021

- [Rust Number Conversion: Don't Follow the Book...](https://blog.notmet.net/2021/12/rust-number-conversion-dont-follow-the-book.../) โ€” A blog post discussing the best practices for number conversion in Rust.
- [Hexagonal architecture in Rust](https://alexis-lozano.com/hexagonal-architecture-in-rust-1/) โ€” Describes how to build a Rust service using domain driven design and a test-first approach.
- [Wrapping errors in Rust](https://edgarluque.com/blog/wrapping-errors-in-rust) โ€” Wrapping 'reqwest::Error' and a custom error type as an enum to make library usage easier.
- [Aiming for idiomatic Rust](https://web.archive.org/web/20221203043933/https://shane-o.dev/blog/aiming-for-idiomatic-rust) โ€” Discusses different ways to solve a popular coding puzzle, 'balanced brackets', in Rust.
- [Naming Your Lifetimes](https://www.possiblerust.com/pattern/naming-your-lifetimes) โ€” Explains how using longer, declarative lifetime names can help to disambiguate which borrow is which.

### 2020

- [Are out parameters idiomatic in Rust?](https://steveklabnik.com/writing/are-out-parameters-idiomatic-in-rust) โ€” Discusses the pros and cons of functions returning a value vs. modifying a parameter in-place.
- [Guide on how to write documentation for a Rust crate](https://blog.guillaume-gomez.fr/articles/2020-03-12+Guide+on+how+to+write+documentation+for+a+Rust+crate) โ€” Writing good documentation with rustdoc including many examples.
- [Learning Rust through open source and live code reviews](https://loige.co/learning-rust-through-open-source-and-live-code-reviews/) โ€” Covers patterns like 'FromStr' and exposing a CLI and a library in one crate.
- [Refactoring Rust Transpiled from C](https://immunant.com/blog/2020/09/transpiled_c_safety/) โ€” Describes how to lift a C-project that was automatically converted to unsafe Rust to safer, more idiomatic Rust.
- [Context-preserving error handling](https://kazlauskas.me/entries/errors) โ€” Explains how to use crates like 'thiserror' in combination with 'map_err' to add context to errors.

### 2019

- [Rust Patterns: Enums Instead Of Booleans](http://blakesmith.me/2019/05/07/rust-patterns-enums-instead-of-booleans.html) โ€” Discusses how using enums instead of booleans can express intent more clearly in Rust.
- [Taking string arguments in Rust](http://xion.io/post/code/rust-string-args.html) โ€” Discussing how to avoid subtle issues with string handling and when to use 'str' vs 'String'.
- [Await a minute](https://docs.rs/dtolnay/0.0.3/dtolnay/macro._01__await_a_minute.html) โ€” Example code for moving from raw futures to async/await syntax to improve error handling.

### 2018

- [Programming an ARM microcontroller in Rust at four different levels of abstraction](https://pramode.in/2018/02/20/programming-a-microcontroller-in-rust-at-four-levels-of-abstraction/) โ€” Demonstrates how Rust helps to move from low-level embedded code to high-level abstractions.

### 2017

- [The balance between cost, useability and soundness in C bindings, and Rust-SDL2's release](https://web.archive.org/web/20190509123207/https://cobrand.github.io/rust/sdl2/2017/05/07/the-balance-between-soundness-cost-useability.html) โ€” Writing safe, sound, idiomatic libraries despite the limitations of the borrow checker.
- [Math with distances in Rust: safety and correctness across units](https://ferrisellis.com/content/rust-implementing-units-for-types/) โ€” How to create a system to cleanly and safely do arithmetic with lengths.
- [Lessons learned redesigning and refactoring a Rust Library](https://web.archive.org/web/20220126172949/https://blog.mgattozzi.dev/refactor-rust/) โ€” 'RefCell', the builder pattern and more.
- [Iteration patterns for Result & Option](http://xion.io/post/code/rust-iter-patterns.html) โ€” Explores how to filter and partition iterators of Result and Option types idiomatically.

### 2016

- [Idiomatic tree and graph like structures in Rust](https://rust-leipzig.github.io/architecture/2016/12/20/idiomatic-trees-in-rust/) โ€” Introduction to safe, dynamic, arena based tree structures without using lifetimes.
- [Convenient and idiomatic conversions in Rust](https://ricardomartins.cc/2016/08/03/convenient_and_idiomatic_conversions_in_rust) โ€” Explains 'From', 'Into', 'TryFrom', 'TryInto', 'AsRef' and 'AsMut' with practical examples.
- [Rustic Bits](https://llogiq.github.io/2016/02/11/rustic.html) โ€” Small things that make for rustic code.
- [Ripgrep Code Review](https://blog.mbrt.dev/posts/ripgrep/) โ€” An analysis of the popular 'ripgrep' tool's source code.
- [Pretty State Machine Patterns in Rust](https://hoverbear.org/2016/10/12/rust-state-machine-pattern/) โ€” How to represent a State Machine in an expressive and understandable way in Rust.
- [Teaching libraries through good documentation](https://deterministic.space/teaching-libraries.html) โ€” How to use the full power of Rust's documentation support (e.g. doc tests).
- [Elegant Library APIs in Rust](https://deterministic.space/elegant-apis-in-rust.html) โ€” Many helpful tips and tricks for writing libraries in Rust.
- [Russian Dolls and clean Rust code](https://web.archive.org/web/20220126183049/https://blog.mgattozzi.dev/russian-dolls/) โ€” How to use the full power of 'Option' and 'Result' (especially 'and_then()' and 'unwrap_or()').

### 2015

- [Rayon: data parallelism in Rust](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2015/12/18/rayon-data-parallelism-in-rust/) โ€” Writing elegant parallel code in Rust.
- [Strategies for solving 'cannot move out of' borrowing errors in Rust](https://hermanradtke.com/2015/06/09/strategies-for-solving-cannot-move-out-of-borrowing-errors-in-rust.html) โ€” Practical tips to help understand the borrow-checker and move semantics.
- [Effectively Using Iterators In Rust](https://hermanradtke.com/2015/06/22/effectively-using-iterators-in-rust.html) โ€” Explanation of the 'Iter' and 'IntoIter' traits and how loops actually work in Rust.
- [Creating a Rust function that returns a &str or String](https://hermanradtke.com/2015/05/29/creating-a-rust-function-that-returns-string-or-str.html) โ€” How 'Into' and 'Cow' (Clone-on-write) work together to avoid allocations for string types.
- [Creating a Rust function that accepts String or &str](https://hermanradtke.com/2015/05/06/creating-a-rust-function-that-accepts-string-or-str.html) โ€” How to make calling your code both ergonomic and fast (zero-allocation).
- [Error Handling in Rust](https://blog.burntsushi.net/rust-error-handling/) โ€” Understanding and handling errors in Rust in an idiomatic way.
- [Rust traits for developer friendly libraries](https://benashford.github.io/blog/2015/05/24/rust-traits-for-developer-friendly-libraries/) โ€” Thoughts about implementing good Rust libraries.

## ๐ŸŽค Talks

### 2024

- The Four Horsemen of Bad Rust Code โ€” A talk about common pitfalls in Rust code like overengineering and premature optimization. [[Video](https://github.com/corrode/four-horsemen-talk)]

### 2023

- Tricks of the Trait: Enabling Ergonomic Extractors โ€” Rust Nation UK, Feb. 2023 [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7DOYtnCXucw)]

### 2022

- Ergonomic APIs for hard problems โ€” RustLab Conference, October 2022 [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Phk0C-kLlho)]
- Nine Rules for Elegant Rust Library APIs โ€” Seattle Rust Meetup, Sep. 2022 [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-8-9ZV-2WQ)]

### 2020

- Macros for a More Productive Rust โ€” RustConf 2020 [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZiWkbnaQe8)]

### 2019

- Making Rust Delightful โ€” RustCon Asia 2019 [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSEx8wtlPWc)]

### 2018

- Idiomatic Rust - Writing Concise and Elegant Rust Code โ€” FOSDEM 2018 [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2mooqNMxMs)]

### 2017

- Idiomatic Rust Libraries โ€” Rustfest Kiev [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zOg8_B71gE)]

## ๐Ÿ’ฌ Forum

### 2020

- [Preferred way of passing `Path`-like types around?](https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/cekeq9/preferred_way_of_passing_pathlike_types_around/)

### 2017

- [An idiomatic way to sum up values in a multidimensional Array](https://users.rust-lang.org/t/an-idiomatic-way-to-sum-up-values-in-a-multidimensional-array/9485)
- [Which is more idiomatic? Functional, imperative or a mix?](https://users.rust-lang.org/t/which-is-more-idiomatic-functional-imperative-or-a-mix/11278)

## ๐Ÿ“œ History

Coming from Python, I loved the guidelines on how _idiomatic Python_ looks like. I was inspired by the likes of Peter Norvig, who wrote amazing articles on [spellcheckers](https://norvig.com/spell-correct.html) and [sudoku solvers](https://norvig.com/sudoku.html); and, of course, the [Zen of Python](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/). For Rust, there is no such thing as the Zen of Python, however, so I started collecting my own resources.
The goal of this project is to create a peer-reviewed collection of articles/talks/repos, which teach idiomatic Rust style. It's a community project and you can contribute.

## ๐Ÿ” License

[![CC0](https://i.creativecommons.org/p/zero/1.0/88x31.png)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)

To the extent possible under law, [Matthias Endler](https://endler.dev) has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work.
Logo adapted from [FreePik.com](https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/crabs-pattern-design_1093131.htm).