https://github.com/nabilac27/42-ft_printf

an implementation of printf function, utilizing variadic functions to handle formatted output with custom parsing and formatting logic.
https://github.com/nabilac27/42-ft_printf

dynamic-memory-allocation error-handling memory-management string-formatting string-manipulation variadic-function

Last synced: 9 months ago
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an implementation of printf function, utilizing variadic functions to handle formatted output with custom parsing and formatting logic.

• Host: GitHub
• URL: https://github.com/nabilac27/42-ft_printf
• Owner: nabilac27
• Created: 2024-11-10T18:52:02.000Z (about 1 year ago)
• Default Branch: main
• Last Pushed: 2025-04-10T02:22:05.000Z (10 months ago)
• Last Synced: 2025-04-10T03:27:52.779Z (10 months ago)
• Topics: dynamic-memory-allocation, error-handling, memory-management, string-formatting, string-manipulation, variadic-function
• Language: C
• Homepage:
• Size: 1.49 MB
• Stars: 0
• Watchers: 1
• Forks: 0
• Open Issues: 0
• Metadata Files:
  • Readme: docs/README.md

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README

          
# **ft_printf**

This repository contains my implementation of the **ft_printf** function, 

a core project in the **42 School** curriculum. 

The goal of this project is to recreate the standard C `printf` function 

while meeting specific requirements and constraints, 

deepening the understanding of **variadic functions**, **formatted output**, 

and **memory management**.

## **About ft_printf**

`ft_printf` is a variadic function, meaning it accepts a variable number of arguments. 

The first argument is a format string that defines how the subsequent arguments are formatted and displayed. 

The function processes the format string, parsing specifiers like `%d`, `%s`, `%c`, etc., and outputs the corresponding formatted values.

## **Key Concepts**

- **Variadic Functions**: 

  - The `` library is used to handle variadic functions, enabling the processing of a variable number of arguments.

  - Key macros:

    - `va_start`: Initializes the `va_list` for use.

    - `va_arg`: Retrieves the next argument from the list.

    - `va_end`: Cleans up the `va_list` after processing.

- **Return Type**: 

  - The function returns the total number of characters printed.

  - If an error occurs, `ft_printf` returns `-1`.

---

## **Functions Overview**

| **Function** | **Description** |

|--------------|-----------------|

| `ft_printf(const char *str, ...)` | The main function that processes the format string and handles the variadic arguments. It returns the total number of characters printed. |

| `ft_printf_format(char specifier, va_list arg_ptr)` | A helper function that processes individual format specifiers (e.g., `%c`, `%d`, `%s`). |

| `ft_printf_c(int c)` | Handles the `%c` format specifier and prints a character. |

| `ft_printf_s(char *s)` | Handles the `%s` format specifier and prints a string. |

| `ft_printf_d(int n)` | Handles the `%d` format specifier and prints a signed integer. |

| `ft_printf_u(unsigned int n)` | Handles the `%u` format specifier and prints an unsigned integer. |

| `ft_printf_p(void *ptr)` | Handles the `%p` format specifier and prints a pointer address. |

| `ft_printf_x(unsigned int n, char specifier)` | Handles the `%x` and `%X` format specifiers to print a hexadecimal value (lowercase/uppercase). |

| `ft_printf_hex(unsigned long n)` | Prints a hexadecimal value (lowercase) of the given unsigned long integer. |

| `ft_printf_hex_upper(unsigned long n)` | Prints a hexadecimal value (uppercase) of the given unsigned long integer. |