https://github.com/nigeparis/42-cpp-02
The Fantastic Four! 👑 To join the club, each class must feature these four superstar members: Default constructor (The magic opener 🪄) Copy constructor (The clone master 🧬) Copy assignment operator (The switcheroo artist 🔄) Destructor (The clean-up crew 🧹)
https://github.com/nigeparis/42-cpp-02
cpp cpp-learning cpp98
Last synced: 3 months ago
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The Fantastic Four! 👑 To join the club, each class must feature these four superstar members: Default constructor (The magic opener 🪄) Copy constructor (The clone master 🧬) Copy assignment operator (The switcheroo artist 🔄) Destructor (The clean-up crew 🧹)
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/nigeparis/42-cpp-02
- Owner: NigeParis
- Created: 2024-12-19T14:01:57.000Z (about 1 year ago)
- Default Branch: master
- Last Pushed: 2025-01-09T13:21:28.000Z (12 months ago)
- Last Synced: 2025-01-09T14:35:31.069Z (12 months ago)
- Topics: cpp, cpp-learning, cpp98
- Language: C++
- Homepage:
- Size: 59.6 KB
- Stars: 0
- Watchers: 1
- Forks: 0
- Open Issues: 0
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Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
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README
Of course! Here's the revised version without emojis:
# New Class Code Playbook
## 1. Welcome to the Orthodox Canonical Form Club!
From now on, all your classes must join the exclusive ranks of the Orthodox Canonical Form, unless you receive special clearance otherwise.
## 2. The Fantastic Four!
To join the club, each class must feature these four superstar members:
- **Default constructor** (The magic opener)
- **Copy constructor** (The clone master)
- **Copy assignment operator** (The switcheroo artist)
- **Destructor** (The clean-up crew)
## 3. Divide and Conquer!
- **Header file (.hpp/.h):** Contains the class's royal decree (definition).
- **Source file (.cpp):** Implements the class's grand plan (implementation).
## Step 1: The Basics
Up until now, you've been working with:
- **Integers** and their buddies (short, char, long, etc.)
- **Floating-point numbers** and their cousins (float, double, etc.)
These have been your go-to number types in coding.
## Step 2: Opposite Characteristics
Integers and floating-point numbers couldn't be more different in their characteristics. It’s a classic case of opposites attract.
## Step 3: Meet the Game Changer
Introducing **fixed-point numbers**—your new best friend in coding! Fixed-point numbers strike the perfect balance between:
- **Performance**
- **Accuracy**
- **Range**
- **Precision**
## Why Should You Care?
Fixed-point numbers are particularly useful in:
- **Computer graphics**: For flawless visual calculations.
- **Sound processing**: Keeping your audio crisp and clear.
# Exercises for Fixed-Point Number Class
## Exercise 00: My First Class in Orthodox Canonical Form
### The Journey Begins
Your first steps into the world of class design were promising, but our class currently represents a grand total of... 0.0. Time to spice things up!
## Exercise 01: Towards a More Useful Fixed-Point Number Class
### Enhancing the Foundation
Our previous class was a humble beginning, but let's push its boundaries. Here’s how to level up:
### Constructor Upgrades
- **Integer Constructor**: Transforms a constant integer into a fixed-point value with 8 fractional bits.
```cpp
Fixed(const int value);
```
- **Floating-Point Constructor**: Converts a constant floating-point number into a fixed-point value with 8 fractional bits.
```cpp
Fixed(const float value);
```
### Transformation Skills
- **Convert to Float**: `float toFloat(void) const;` Transforms the fixed-point value into a floating-point value.
```cpp
float toFloat(void) const;
```
- **Convert to Int**: `int toInt(void) const;` Transforms the fixed-point value into an integer value.
```cpp
int toInt(void) const;
```
### Stream Magic
Add an overload of the insertion (`<<`) operator to insert a floating-point representation of the fixed-point number into the output stream object passed as a parameter.
```cpp
friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const Fixed &fixed);
```
## Exercise 02: Now We’re Talking
### Operator Overload Party
Add public member functions to overload these operators:
- **Comparison Operators**: `>`, `<`, `>=`, `<=`, `==`, and `!=`.
```cpp
bool operator>(const Fixed &other) const;
bool operator<(const Fixed &other) const;
bool operator>=(const Fixed &other) const;
bool operator<=(const Fixed &other) const;
bool operator==(const Fixed &other) const;
bool operator!=(const Fixed &other) const;
```
- **Arithmetic Operators**: `+`, `-`, `*`, and `/`.
```cpp
Fixed operator+(const Fixed &other) const;
Fixed operator-(const Fixed &other) const;
Fixed operator*(const Fixed &other) const;
Fixed operator/(const Fixed &other) const;
```
- **Increment/Decrement Operators**: Pre-increment, post-increment, pre-decrement, and post-decrement, adjusting the fixed-point value by the smallest representable ϵ.
```cpp
Fixed &operator++(); // Pre-increment
Fixed operator++(int); // Post-increment
Fixed &operator--(); // Pre-decrement
Fixed operator--(int); // Post-decrement
```
### Superpowers: Min and Max
Add these public overloaded member functions to your class:
- **Static Min**: Takes two references to fixed-point numbers and returns a reference to the smallest one.
```cpp
static Fixed &min(Fixed &a, Fixed &b);
```
- **Static Min (Const)**: Takes two references to constant fixed-point numbers and returns a reference to the smallest one.
```cpp
static const Fixed &min(const Fixed &a, const Fixed &b);
```
- **Static Max**: Takes two references to fixed-point numbers and returns a reference to the greatest one.
```cpp
static Fixed &max(Fixed &a, Fixed &b);
```
- **Static Max (Const)**: Takes two references to constant fixed-point numbers and returns a reference to the greatest one.
```cpp
static const Fixed &max(const Fixed &a, const Fixed &b);
```
## Exercise 03: BSP - Bonus
### Putting It All Together
Now that your Fixed class is fully functional, let’s put it to use! Implement a function that indicates whether a point is inside a triangle or not.
```cpp
bool bsp( Point const a, Point const b, Point const c, Point const point) {
//code
}
```
- **Scientific programming**: Ensuring your data remains spot on.
Fixed-point numbers are here to elevate your coding game.
Embrace the change and enjoy the ride!