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https://github.com/nikolaydubina/fpdecimal
🛫 Fixed-Point Decimals
https://github.com/nikolaydubina/fpdecimal
decoding encoding fixed-point-arithmetic go json money numerics performance serialization
Last synced: about 2 months ago
JSON representation
🛫 Fixed-Point Decimals
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/nikolaydubina/fpdecimal
- Owner: nikolaydubina
- License: mit
- Created: 2022-05-27T12:01:28.000Z (over 2 years ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2024-08-22T08:13:38.000Z (4 months ago)
- Last Synced: 2024-10-03T12:44:45.587Z (3 months ago)
- Topics: decoding, encoding, fixed-point-arithmetic, go, json, money, numerics, performance, serialization
- Language: Go
- Homepage:
- Size: 144 KB
- Stars: 30
- Watchers: 3
- Forks: 1
- Open Issues: 1
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- Funding: .github/FUNDING.yml
- License: LICENSE
- Citation: CITATION.cff
- Codeowners: .github/CODEOWNERS
- Security: SECURITY.md
Awesome Lists containing this project
- awesome-go - fpdecimal - Fast and precise serialization and arithmetic for small fixed-point decimals (Financial / Search and Analytic Databases)
- awesome-go-extra - fpdecimal - Point Decimals|12|0|0|2022-05-27T12:01:28Z|2022-06-12T06:55:04Z| (Financial / Advanced Console UIs)
README
# Fixed-Point Decimals
> To use in money, look at [github.com/nikolaydubina/fpmoney](https://github.com/nikolaydubina/fpmoney)
> _Be Precise. Using floats to represent currency is almost criminal. — Robert.C.Martin, "Clean Code" p.301_
[](https://codecov.io/gh/nikolaydubina/fpdecimal)
[](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/nikolaydubina/fpdecimal)
[](https://github.com/avelino/awesome-go#financial)
[](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/nikolaydubina/fpdecimal)
[](https://securityscorecards.dev/viewer/?uri=github.com/nikolaydubina/fpdecimal)
* `int64` inside
* does not use `float` neither in parsing nor printing
* as fast as `int64` in parsing, printing, arithmetics — 3x faser `float`, 20x faster [shopspring/decimal](https://github.com/shopspring/decimal), 30x faster `fmt`
* zero-overhead
* preventing error-prone fixed-point arithmetics
* Fuzz tests, Benchmarks
* JSON
* 200LOC
```go
import fp "github.com/nikolaydubina/fpdecimal"
var BuySP500Price = fp.FromInt(9000)
input := []byte(`{"sp500": 9000.023}`)
type Stocks struct {
SP500 fp.Decimal `json:"sp500"`
}
var v Stocks
if err := json.Unmarshal(input, &v); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
var amountToBuy fp.Decimal
if v.SP500.GreaterThan(BuySP500Price) {
amountToBuy = amountToBuy.Add(v.SP500.Mul(fp.FromInt(2)))
}
fmt.Println(amountToBuy)
// Output: 18000.046
```
### Implementation
Parsing and Printing is expensive operation and requires a lot of code.
However, if you know that your numbers are always small and simple and you do not care or do not permit lots of fractions like `-1234.567`, then parsing and printing can be greatly simplified.
Code is heavily influenced by hot-path from Go core `strconv` package.
It is wrapped into struct to prevent bugs:
- block multiplication by `fpdecimal` type, which leads to increase in decimal fractions and loose of precision
- block additions of untyped constants, which leads to errors if you forget to scale by factor
### Benchmarks
Parse
```
$ go test -bench=BenchmarkParse -benchtime=5s -benchmem .
goos: darwin
goarch: arm64
pkg: github.com/nikolaydubina/fpdecimal
BenchmarkParse/fromString/small-10 534307098 11.36 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse/fromString/large-10 254741558 23.42 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse/UnmarshalJSON/small-10 816873427 7.32 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse/UnmarshalJSON/large-10 272173255 22.16 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse_int_strconv_Atoi/small-10 1000000000 4.87 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse_int_strconv_Atoi/large-10 420536834 14.31 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse_int_strconv_ParseInt/small/int32-10 561137575 10.67 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse_int_strconv_ParseInt/small/int64-10 564200026 10.64 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse_int_strconv_ParseInt/large/int64-10 219626983 27.17 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse_float_strconv_ParseFloat/small/float32-10 345666214 17.36 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse_float_strconv_ParseFloat/small/float64-10 339620222 17.68 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse_float_strconv_ParseFloat/large/float32-10 128824344 46.68 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse_float_strconv_ParseFloat/large/float64-10 128140617 46.89 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse_float_fmt_Sscanf/small-10 21202892 281.6 ns/op 69 B/op 2 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse_float_fmt_Sscanf/large-10 10074237 599.2 ns/op 88 B/op 3 allocs/op
PASS
ok github.com/nikolaydubina/fpdecimal 116.249s
```
Print
```
$ go test -bench=BenchmarkPrint -benchtime=5s -benchmem .
goos: darwin
goarch: arm64
pkg: github.com/nikolaydubina/fpdecimal
BenchmarkPrint/small-10 191982066 31.24 ns/op 8 B/op 1 allocs/op
BenchmarkPrint/large-10 150874335 39.89 ns/op 24 B/op 1 allocs/op
BenchmarkPrint_int_strconv_Itoa/small-10 446302868 13.39 ns/op 3 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkPrint_int_strconv_Itoa/large-10 237484774 25.20 ns/op 18 B/op 1 allocs/op
BenchmarkPrint_int_strconv_FormatInt/small-10 444861666 13.70 ns/op 3 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkPrint_float_strconv_FormatFloat/small/float32-10 55003357 104.2 ns/op 31 B/op 2 allocs/op
BenchmarkPrint_float_strconv_FormatFloat/small/float64-10 43565430 137.4 ns/op 31 B/op 2 allocs/op
BenchmarkPrint_float_strconv_FormatFloat/large/float32-10 64069650 92.07 ns/op 48 B/op 2 allocs/op
BenchmarkPrint_float_strconv_FormatFloat/large/float64-10 68441746 87.36 ns/op 48 B/op 2 allocs/op
BenchmarkPrint_float_fmt_Sprintf/small-10 46503666 127.7 ns/op 16 B/op 2 allocs/op
BenchmarkPrint_float_fmt_Sprintf/large-10 51764224 115.8 ns/op 28 B/op 2 allocs/op
PASS
ok github.com/nikolaydubina/fpdecimal 79.192s
```
Arithmetics
```
$ go test -bench=BenchmarkArithmetic -benchtime=5s -benchmem .
goos: darwin
goarch: arm64
pkg: github.com/nikolaydubina/fpdecimal
BenchmarkArithmetic/add-10 1000000000 0.316 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkArithmetic/div-10 1000000000 0.950 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkArithmetic/divmod-10 1000000000 1.890 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkArithmetic_int64/add-10 1000000000 0.314 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkArithmetic_int64/div-10 1000000000 0.316 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkArithmetic_int64/divmod-10 1000000000 1.261 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkArithmetic_int64/mod-10 1000000000 0.628 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
PASS
ok github.com/nikolaydubina/fpdecimal 6.721s
```
## References
- [Fixed-Point Arithmetic Wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-point_arithmetic)
- [shopspring/decimal](https://github.com/shopspring/decimal)
## Appendix A: Comparison to other libraries
- https://github.com/shopspring/decimal solves arbitrary precision, fpdecimal solves only simple small decimals
- https://github.com/Rhymond/go-money solves typed number (currency), decodes through `interface{}` and float64, no precision in decoding, expects encoding to be in cents
## Appendix B: Benchmarking [shopspring/decimal](https://github.com/shopspring/decimal)
`2022-05-28`
```
$ go test -bench=. -benchtime=5s -benchmem ./...
goos: darwin
goarch: arm64
pkg: github.com/shopspring/decimal
BenchmarkNewFromFloatWithExponent-10 59701516 97.7 ns/op 106 B/op 4 allocs/op
BenchmarkNewFromFloat-10 14771503 410.3 ns/op 67 B/op 2 allocs/op
BenchmarkNewFromStringFloat-10 16246342 375.2 ns/op 175 B/op 5 allocs/op
Benchmark_FloorFast-10 1000000000 2.1 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
Benchmark_FloorRegular-10 53857244 106.3 ns/op 112 B/op 6 allocs/op
Benchmark_DivideOriginal-10 7 715322768 ns/op 737406446 B/op 30652495 allocs/op
Benchmark_DivideNew-10 22 262893689 ns/op 308046721 B/op 12054905 allocs/op
BenchmarkDecimal_RoundCash_Five-10 9311530 636.5 ns/op 616 B/op 28 allocs/op
Benchmark_Cmp-10 44 133191579 ns/op 24 B/op 1 allocs/op
Benchmark_decimal_Decimal_Add_different_precision-10 31561636 176.6 ns/op 280 B/op 9 allocs/op
Benchmark_decimal_Decimal_Sub_different_precision-10 36892767 164.4 ns/op 240 B/op 9 allocs/op
Benchmark_decimal_Decimal_Add_same_precision-10 134831919 44.9 ns/op 80 B/op 2 allocs/op
Benchmark_decimal_Decimal_Sub_same_precision-10 134902627 43.1 ns/op 80 B/op 2 allocs/op
BenchmarkDecimal_IsInteger-10 92543083 66.1 ns/op 8 B/op 1 allocs/op
BenchmarkDecimal_NewFromString-10 827455 7382 ns/op 3525 B/op 216 allocs/op
BenchmarkDecimal_NewFromString_large_number-10 212538 28836 ns/op 16820 B/op 360 allocs/op
BenchmarkDecimal_ExpHullAbraham-10 10000 572091 ns/op 486628 B/op 568 allocs/op
BenchmarkDecimal_ExpTaylor-10 26343 222915 ns/op 431226 B/op 3172 allocs/op
PASS
ok github.com/shopspring/decimal 123.541sa
```
## Appendix C: Why this is good fit for money?
There are only ~200 currencies in the world.
All currencies have at most 3 decimal digits, thus it is sufficient to handle 3 decimal fractions.
Next, currencies without decimal digits are typically 1000x larger than dollar, but even then maximum number that fits into `int64` (without 3 decimal fractions) is `9 223 372 036 854 775.807` which is ~9 quadrillion. This should be enough for most operations with money.
## Appendix D: Is it safe to use arithmetic operators in Go?
Sort of...
In one of iterations, I did Type Alias, but it required some effort to use it carefully.
Operations with defined types (variables) will fail.
```go
var a int64
var b fpdecimal.FromInt(1000)
// does not compile
a + b
```
However, untyped constants will be resolved to underlying type `int64` and will be allowed.
```go
const a 10000
var b fpdecimal.FromInt(1000)
// compiles
a + b
// also compiles
b - 42
// this one too
b *= 23
```
Is this a problem?
* For multiplication and division - yes, it can be. You have to be careful not to multiply two `fpdecimal` numbers, since scaling factor will quadruple. Multiplying by constants is ok tho.
* For addition substraction - yes, it can be. You have to be careful and remind yourself that constants would be reduced 1000x.
Both of this can be addressed at compile time by providing linter.
This can be also addressed by wrapping into a struct and defining methods.
Formed is hard to achieve in Go, due to lack of operator overload and lots of work required to write AST parser.
Later has been implemented in this pacakge, and, as benchmarks show, without any extra memory or calls overhead as compared to `int64`.
## Appendix E: Print into destination
To avoid mallocs, it is advantageous to print formatted value to pre-allocated destination.
Similarly, to `strconv.AppendInt`, we provide `AppendFixedPointDecimal`.
This is utilized in `github.com/nikolaydubina/fpmoney` package.
```
BenchmarkFixedPointDecimalToString/small-10 28522474 35.43 ns/op 24 B/op 1 allocs/op
BenchmarkFixedPointDecimalToString/large-10 36883687 32.32 ns/op 24 B/op 1 allocs/op
BenchmarkAppendFixedPointDecimal/small-10 38105520 30.51 ns/op 117 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkAppendFixedPointDecimal/large-10 55147478 29.52 ns/op 119 B/op 0 allocs/op
```
## Appendix F: DivMod notation
In early versions, `Div` and `Mul` operated on `int` and `Div` returned remainder.
As recommended by @vanodevium and more in line with other common libraries, notation is changed.
Bellow is survey as of 2023-05-18.
Go, https://pkg.go.dev/math/big
```go
func (z *Int) Div(x, y *Int) *Int
func (z *Int) DivMod(x, y, m *Int) (*Int, *Int)
func (z *Int) Mod(x, y *Int) *Int
```
Go, github.com/shopspring/decimal
```go
func (d Decimal) Div(d2 Decimal) Decimal
// X no DivMod
func (d Decimal) Mod(d2 Decimal) Decimal
func (d Decimal) DivRound(d2 Decimal, precision int32) Decimal
```
Python, https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html
```python
divide(x, y) number
divide_int(x, y) number // truncates
divmod(x, y) number
remainder(x, y) number
```
Pytorch, https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.div.html
```python
torch.div(input, other, *, rounding_mode=None, out=None) → [Tensor] // discards remainder
torch.remainder(input, other, *, out=None) → [Tensor] // remainder
```
numpy, https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.divmod.html
```python
np.divmod(x, y) (number, number) // is equivalent to (x // y, x % y
np.mod(x, y) number
np.remainder(x, y) number
np.divide(x, y) number
np.true_divide(x, y) number // same as divide
np.floor_divide(x, y) number // rounding down
```
## Appendix G: generics switch for decimal counting
Go does not support numerics in templates. However, defining multiple types each associated with specific number of decimals and passing them to functions and defining constraint as union of these types — is an attractive option.
This does not work well since Go does not support switch case (casting generic) back to integer well.
## Appendix H: `string` vs `[]byte` in interface
The typical usage of parsing number is through some JSON or other mechanism. Those APIs are dealing with `[]byte`.
Now, conversion from `[]byte` to `string` requires to copy data, since `string` is immutable.
To improve performance, we are using `[]byte` in signatures.
Using `string`
```
BenchmarkParse/fromString/small-10 831217767 7.07 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse/fromString/large-10 275009497 21.79 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse/UnmarshalJSON/small-10 553035127 10.98 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse/UnmarshalJSON/large-10 248815030 24.14 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
```
Using `[]byte`
```
BenchmarkParse/fromString/small-10 523937236 11.32 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse/fromString/large-10 257542226 23.23 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse/UnmarshalJSON/small-10 809793006 7.31 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
BenchmarkParse/UnmarshalJSON/large-10 272087984 22.04 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
```