https://github.com/o2sa/car-parking-system

ESP32-based smart parking system with ultrasonic sensors, servo gates, and real-time web monitoring.
https://github.com/o2sa/car-parking-system

arduino embedded-systems esp32 freertos iot microcontroller ultrasonic-sensor

Last synced: about 1 month ago
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ESP32-based smart parking system with ultrasonic sensors, servo gates, and real-time web monitoring.

• Host: GitHub
• URL: https://github.com/o2sa/car-parking-system
• Owner: O2sa
• License: mit
• Created: 2023-06-12T12:44:46.000Z (almost 3 years ago)
• Default Branch: master
• Last Pushed: 2026-03-13T21:02:58.000Z (3 months ago)
• Last Synced: 2026-03-14T09:25:49.914Z (3 months ago)
• Topics: arduino, embedded-systems, esp32, freertos, iot, microcontroller, ultrasonic-sensor
• Language: C
• Homepage:
• Size: 405 KB
• Stars: 2
• Watchers: 1
• Forks: 0
• Open Issues: 0
• Metadata Files:
  • Readme: README.md
  • License: LICENSE

Awesome Lists containing this project

README

          

# 🚗 Smart Car Parking System with ESP32



  

  


  System Block Diagram





  🅿️ An IoT-based smart parking system using an ESP32, ultrasonic sensors, and servo motors.





  This project automates vehicle entry and exit, counts available spaces, and provides a real-time monitoring web server.



## ✨ About The Project

This is a complete embedded systems project that simulates a real-world parking management system. It uses an **ESP32 microcontroller** to create a local Wi-Fi network and host a web server. Ultrasonic sensors detect vehicles at the entry and exit gates, while servo motors control the physical barriers. The system provides real-time feedback on a web page, displaying the number of available parking spots.

### 🛠️ Built With

*   **Microcontroller:** ESP32

*   **Sensors:** 2x HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensors

*   **Actuators:** 2x SG90 Micro Servo Motors

*   **Core Technology:** FreeRTOS (for real-time task management on the ESP32)

*   **Communication:** Built-in Wi-Fi & Web Server

## 🚀 Key Features

*   **Automated Gate Control:** Servo motors open and close gates when vehicles are detected.

*   **Vehicle Counting:** Tracks the number of cars entering and exiting to calculate available spots.

*   **Real-time Monitoring:** A dedicated web server displays the current parking status on any device connected to the ESP32's network.

*   **Dual-Sensor Logic:** Uses separate sensors for entry and exit to ensure accurate counting.

*   **Real-Time Operating System:** Leverages FreeRTOS for reliable and concurrent handling of sensor inputs and server tasks.

## 📦 Hardware Requirements

*   **ESP32** Development Board

*   **HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor** x2

*   **SG90 Micro Servo** x2

*   Small Breadboard

*   Jumper Wires

*   Power Supply (5V capable)

## 🔌 Pin Connection Map

Connect the components to your ESP32 exactly as follows:

| Component Pin | Connects to ESP32 Pin |

| :--- | :--- |

| **Ultrasonic 1 - Trig** | GPIO 33 |

| **Ultrasonic 1 - Echo** | GPIO 25 |

| **Ultrasonic 1 - VCC** | 5V |

| **Ultrasonic 1 - GND** | GND |

| **Ultrasonic 2 - Trig** | GPIO 17 |

| **Ultrasonic 2 - Echo** | GPIO 16 |

| **Ultrasonic 2 - VCC** | 5V |

| **Ultrasonic 2 - GND** | GND |

| **Servo 1 - Signal** | GPIO 32 |

| **Servo 1 - VCC** | 5V |

| **Servo 1 - GND** | GND |

| **Servo 2 - Signal** | GPIO 19 |

| **Servo 2 - VCC** | 5V |

| **Servo 2 - GND** | GND |

## 🏁 Getting Started

Follow these instructions to get the project up and running on your own hardware.

### Prerequisites

*   **Arduino IDE** or **PlatformIO** (with ESP32 board support installed).

*   All hardware components listed above.

### Installation & Setup

1.  **Clone the repository**

    ```bash

    git clone https://github.com/O2sa/Car-Parking-System.git

    ```

2.  **Open the Code**

    *   Navigate to the `code/` directory.

    *   Open the main `.ino` file in your Arduino IDE (or the project in PlatformIO).

3.  **Configure Wi-Fi**

    *   In the code, find the section for Wi-Fi credentials.

    *   Replace `ssid` and `password` with your own network name and password.

4.  **Select Board and Port**

    *   In Arduino IDE, go to `Tools` > `Board` and select your specific ESP32 model.

    *   Select the correct `Port`.

5.  **Upload the Code**

    *   Connect your ESP32 via USB.

    *   Click the `Upload` button.

6.  **Assemble the Circuit**

    *   Carefully build the circuit on your breadboard following the **Pin Connection Map** above. Double-check all connections, especially power and ground, to avoid damaging components.

7.  **Power Up & Monitor**

    *   Once the code is uploaded, open the **Serial Monitor** (Tools > Serial Monitor) to see the ESP32's IP address.

    *   Open a web browser on any device connected to the same Wi-Fi network and navigate to that IP address to view the parking status.

## 💡 How It Works

1.  **Vehicle Detection:** When a car approaches the entry gate, the first ultrasonic sensor detects it.

2.  **Gate Control:** The ESP32 signals the entry servo to open the gate.

3.  **Counting Logic:** Once the car passes the sensor, the system increments the vehicle count (if space is available) and closes the gate. The exit sensor works similarly to decrement the count.

4.  **Web Server:** The ESP32 hosts a simple web page that displays the current number of available parking spots. This page updates in real-time as vehicles enter and exit.

## 🧪 Simulation

An online simulation of this project was created with **Circuito.io**. You can find the link in the repository's issues or consider re-sharing it for others.

## 📸 Screenshots



  

  


  The monitoring web server interface.



## ⚠️ Known Limitations & Future Ideas

### Current Limitations

*   **Object vs. Vehicle:** The ultrasonic sensor can detect any object, not just cars. A person or animal could trigger the gate.

### Ideas for Development

*   **Authentication:** Add an RFID reader or keypad for authorized entry only.

*   **Enhanced Web Interface:** Create a more advanced control panel to manually operate gates or view logs.

*   **Cloud Connectivity:** Send data to a cloud platform (like Blynk or AWS IoT) for remote monitoring.

*   **OLED Display:** Add a small screen to show spot availability directly on the unit.

*   **Improved Detection Logic:** Implement filtering or use two sensors per gate to better distinguish vehicles.

## 📚 References

1.  Jo, Y., & Jung, I. (2014). Analysis of vehicle detection with WSN-based ultrasonic sensors. _Sensors_, _14_(8), 14050–14069. [Link to paper]

2.  Stiawan, R., Kusumadjati, A., Aminah, N. S., Djamal, M., & Viridi, S. (2019). An ultrasonic sensor system for vehicle detection application. _Journal of Physics: Conference Series_, _1204_, 012017. [Link to paper]

## 🤝 Contributing

Contributions are what make the open-source community such an amazing place to learn, inspire, and create. Any contributions you make are **greatly appreciated**.

If you have a suggestion to improve the code, add features, or fix a bug:

1.  Fork the Project

2.  Create your Feature Branch (`git checkout -b feature/AmazingFeature`)

3.  Commit your Changes (`git commit -m 'Add some AmazingFeature'`)

4.  Push to the Branch (`git push origin feature/AmazingFeature`)

5.  Open a Pull Request