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https://github.com/offchan42/Unity3D-Python-Communication

:zap: A very fast, simple, and general inter-process communication example between Unity3D C# and Python, using ZeroMQ
https://github.com/offchan42/Unity3D-Python-Communication

csharp netmq python pyzmq unity3d zeromq

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:zap: A very fast, simple, and general inter-process communication example between Unity3D C# and Python, using ZeroMQ

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# Unity3D-Python-Communication



⚡️ A very fast, simple, and general inter-process communication example between Unity3D C# and Python, using ZeroMQ.



![unity-cmd-play-example.gif](img/unity-cmd-play-example.gif)

PS. It looks slow in the GIF above because I put a delay of one second between each message so that you can see it

working.



## Core Pillars



- **very fast** — ZeroMQ is a networking library that allows you to send huge amount of data from server to client in a short period of time. I'm talking about casually sending/receiving 10,000 requests per second.

- **simple** — You don't have to explicitly open and bind a socket or know anything about low-level networking.

- **general** — You can use this to send/receive any kind of data request. You can send image, video, text, JSON, file, or whatever you want. In this example, we are sending text.

- **inter-process** — The communication is done inside the same machine. Which means very low-latency.



## Introduction



* Have you ever tried to communicate C# code in Unity3D with Python before but could not find a satisfying solution?

* Have you ever tried implementing communication protocol using file read/write and found out that it's a stupid approach?

* Have you ever tried communicating using Web HTTP request and found out that it's stupidly slow and high latency?

* Have you ever tried communicating using socket/TCP/UDP stuff, but it feels like you are reinventing the wheel and you

  are becoming a network engineer?

* Have you ever tried to communicate by emulating a serial port, and found out that it's not how cool guys do work?

* Have you ever tried to send Unity input to python and do some scientific work (maybe even machine learning task)

  and return the output to Unity?

* Have you ever tried to build a `.dll` from python or even rewrite everything in `C#` because you don't know how to

  communicate between python and C# processes?

* Have you ever tried to embed `IronPython` or `Python.NET` inside Unity but it doesn't allow you to install your

  amazing external python libraries? (And its minimal power is pretty ridiculous compared to your external python)

* Have you ever tried to export a `TensorFlow Protobuf Graph` (Deep learning model) and use `TensorFlowSharp` or

  `OpenCVForUnity` to import the graph inside Unity because you want to use the model to predict stuff in Unity, but it

  doesn't allow you to use/utilize your new NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080Ti, and it's also hard to code?

* Tried `MLAgents`, anyone?



If you answer **Yes** to any of these questions but it seems you have found no solutions,

then this repository is definitely for you!

(If you answered **Yes to all** questions, you and me are brothers! 😏)



I've tried a lot. With a lot of searching on the internet, I've found no solutions that is simple, fast, and general

enough that I can apply to any kind of communication between Python and Unity3D. All I've done in the past were simply

a hack to either get my scientific computation work in Unity instead of python, or communicate between the processes painfully.



_Until I found ZeroMQ approach from this [repository](https://github.com/valkjsaaa/Unity-ZeroMQ-Example)

(and some head scratching)._



## Solution Explanation



I've built a `request-reply` pattern of ZeroMQ where Python (server) replies whenever Unity (client) requests

a service from Python.



The idea is to create a separate thread inside Unity that will send a request to python, receive a reply and log the reply

to the console.



## Getting Started



1. Clone this repository using `git clone https://github.com/offchan42/Unity3D-Python-Communication.git` command.

2. Open UnityProject (its `dll` files are targeting .NET 4.x version) and run `Assets/NetMQExample/Scenes/SampleScene`.

3. Run python file `PythonFiles/server.py` using command `python server.py` on a command prompt.

4. You should start seeing messages being logged inside Unity and the command prompt.



Specifically, Unity will send request with a message `Hello` 10 times, and Python will simply reply `World` 10 times.

There is a one second sleep between each reply on the server (to simulate long processing time of the request).



Please read the comments inside `PythonFiles/server.py` and `UnityProject/Assets/NetMQExample/Scripts/` and you will

understand everything more deeply.



**The most important thing is that you should follow the 4 getting started steps first. Don't skip it!** ❣️



After you've understood most of the stuff but it's not advanced enough, you should consult the official

[ØMQ - The Guide](http://zguide.zeromq.org/page:all).



## Requirements



* [PyZMQ](https://pyzmq.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) is the Python bindings for [ZeroMQ]((http://zeromq.org/)). You can install it using

  `pip install pyzmq` command or see more installation options [here](http://zeromq.org/bindings:python) or

  [here](https://github.com/zeromq/pyzmq).

* [NetMQ](https://netmq.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) is a native C# port of ZeroMQ. Normally you need to install this using

  `NuGet` package manager inside `Visual Studio` when you want to build a .NET application, or you could install using

  `.NET CLI`. But for this repository here, you don't need to do any of the installation because we've already included

  `AsyncIO.dll` and `NetMQ.dll` for you inside `UnityProject/Assets/NetMQExample/Plugins/` directory.

  If you want to build your own `dll` files, please take a look at

  [this issue](https://github.com/valkjsaaa/Unity-ZeroMQ-Example/issues/7).



## Known Issues

Based on [this issue](https://github.com/zeromq/netmq/issues/631), the NetMQ implementation is not working nicely with Unity. If you create more than one ZeroMQ client in Unity, the Unity editor will freeze.



## Troubleshooting



* While both server and client are running and communicating fine, I kill the server process, restart the server, then both server and client seem to not be communicating anymore. Why don't they continue communicating? Is this a bug?



  No, this is the expected behavior of ZeroMQ because of the simplicity of the code. It's mentioned in the guide

  [here](http://zguide.zeromq.org/page:all#Ask-and-Ye-Shall-Receive). If you want to make the code better, which is not

  the focus of this example, you can learn more about ZeroMQ as suggested in the screenshot below.

  ![troubleshooting-1.PNG](img/troubleshooting-1.PNG)

  

  The problem is that when you restart the server, the server won't reconnect to the old client anymore. You have to restart the client also.



## Disclaimer



This repository is designed to be a **minimal learning resource** for getting started. It's not a fully working high-level package.

After you understand the example, my job is done.



Most of the code are just copies from the official ZeroMQ tutorial. I try to make this as simple to grasp as possible,

so I only log the message to the console and nothing fancy. This is to minimize the unnecessary learning curve.



## TODO



* [ ] Add a complicated example of how to use it for real

* [ ] Show how to do this with SocketIO. SocketIO is another approach I found very viable and stable. I use `BestHTTP` package in Unity for SocketIO client and use `python-socketio` as SocketIO server. And it does not have the issue of making Unity editor freezes.