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https://github.com/orsinium-labs/rlci

🦀 λ Overly-documented Rust-powered Lambda Calculus Interpreter.
https://github.com/orsinium-labs/rlci

fp functional-programming interpreter lambda lambda-calculus programming-language rust

Last synced: 3 months ago
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🦀 λ Overly-documented Rust-powered Lambda Calculus Interpreter.

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README 

        
# RLCI



🦀 Overly-documented Rust-powered Lambda Calculus Interpreter.



## 😎 Features



+ 📚 **Overly-documented**. There are comments and docstrings for everything, almost every line. Our top priority is to provide you with a good example of building your own programming language.

+ 🐦 **Simple**. We kept only essentials and ditched anything unneeded. Comments? Strings? System calls? Who needs it?

+ ⚙️ **Working**. Everything possible in lambda calculus is also possible with RLCI.

+ 🏃 **REPL**. We have an interactive input with autocomplete and a bit of syntax highlighting.

+ 🧩 **Standard library**. We have lots of useful functions available out of the box.

+ ⚠️ **Friendly error messages**. And we even got tracebacks!

+ 🦀 **Rust**. Rust is a good choice for writing a programming language, thanks to binary distributions and great performance.



## 🧠 Learn Lambda Calculus



The main idea of [Lambda calculus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus) is pretty simple. What if you have a programming language where you can only define a single-argument function and call other functions? That's it. No integers, no strings, no loops, no conditions. Just you and functions. And turns out, you can do quite a few things. In fact, anything that any other programming language can do.



The best way to learn lambda calculus is the [Lambda Calculus from the Ground Up](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkCLMl0e_0k) workshop by David Beazley. I recommend you open the Python interpreter, follow along, pause, and try to think for yourself when the speaker asks a question. It's a great exercise and this is the most mind-boggling thing I ever learned.



When you go through the workshop, take a look at the [python-lambda-calculus](https://github.com/orsinium-labs/python-lambda-calculus) project. There, I've implemented everything covered in the workshop and a few more things, like filter, map, reduce, and signed integers.



## 🤔 Motivation



I had several attempts to write a programming language before. And each time I ended up with [scope creep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scope_creep) and a spaghetti of features breaking each other and in the end, nothing works. This time, I decided to approach things differently and make the smallest possible working programming language.



If you want a [Turing complete](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_completeness) programming language, your best options are either [Turing machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_machine) or Lambda calculus. The thing about the Turing machine, though, is that it's quite hard to program on it anything meaningful (see [Brainfuck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainfuck)). But Lambda calculus is different. Lambda calculus is a real functional language and has almost everything you have in LISP or Clojure. So, here we are.



## 📦 Installation



If you have cargo:



```bash

cargo install rlci

```



If you don't, go into [releases](https://github.com/orsinium/rlci/releases) and grab a binary for your system.



## 📝 Syntax



Everything is a function. Every function accepts exactly one argument (you give it a name) and returns an expression. Here is one that just returns the given argument:



```text

\x x

```



Or the one that accepts 2 arguments and returns the first one:



```text

\a \b a

```



Technically, it accepts only one argument and returns another function that returns that first argument, but that works about the same as if we had a function accepting 2 arguments. This is known as [currying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying).



You can assign expressions to variables to be referenced later:



```text

id = \x \x

true = \a \b a

```



To call a function, specify the function you want to call and then space-separate arguments:



```text

id true     # calls `id` with true, returns `true`

true id id  # cals `true` with `id` and `id`, returns the first `id`

```



You can use parenthesis to specify the order in which they should be executed:



```text

(\x x) (not true)  # returns `false`

```



And that's it. Many functions are available out-of-the-box, such as [boolean operations](src/stdlib/bool.rb), [natural numbers](src/stdlib/nat.rb), [lists](src/stdlib/list.rb), a few [recursive funtions](src/stdlib/rec.rb), and [combinators](src/stdlib/combinators.rb).



## 🛠️ Usage



Run REPL:



```bash

rlci repl

```



Parse a module and print the result of the last expression:



```bash

cat module.txt | rlci eval

```



Parse and print the AST of a module:



```bash

echo 'id = λx x' | rlci parse

```



## ⚙️ Dependencies



+ [pest](https://github.com/pest-parser/pest) is for parsing the language grammar into AST.

+ [rustyline](https://github.com/kkawakam/rustyline) is for making a friendly REPL.

+ [clap](https://github.com/clap-rs/clap) is for making a friendly CLI.

+ [anyhow](https://github.com/dtolnay/anyhow) is for easy error handling and nice error messages.

+ [include_dir](https://github.com/Michael-F-Bryan/include_dir) is for including stdlib into the binary.

+ [colored](https://github.com/mackwic/colored) is for colorizing terminal output. Errors should be red!



## ❓ Questions and Answers



**Q: Should I use it on the production?**



A: No. Modern computers are designed after the Turing machine rather than Lambda calculus. So, it will be slow. Very slow. Still better than [DrRacket](https://docs.racket-lang.org/drracket/), though.



**Q: Why there are no type annotations?**



A: Because there is only one type: a function.



**Q: Why does it exist?**



Because I can and I needed a break from tossing JSONs from one API to another.



**Q: When is the next release?**



A: Lambda Calculus became feature-complete in the 1930s. I'll let you know if there is anything new.



**Q: Why is it on Rust?**



Because writing things on Python or Go is too easy. Programming on Rust is like solving riddles, and I love riddles.



**Q: Should I star the project?**



A: Yes, it will make me look superior to the other people in the office.