https://github.com/paulveillard/cybersecurity-homomorphic-encyption

An ongoing & curated collection of awesome software best practices and techniques, libraries and frameworks, E-books and videos, websites, blog posts, links to github Repositories, technical guidelines and important resources about Homomorphic Encryption.
https://github.com/paulveillard/cybersecurity-homomorphic-encyption

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An ongoing & curated collection of awesome software best practices and techniques, libraries and frameworks, E-books and videos, websites, blog posts, links to github Repositories, technical guidelines and important resources about Homomorphic Encryption.

• Host: GitHub
• URL: https://github.com/paulveillard/cybersecurity-homomorphic-encyption
• Owner: paulveillard
• License: mit
• Created: 2022-03-13T16:42:55.000Z (about 3 years ago)
• Default Branch: main
• Last Pushed: 2022-04-09T13:43:48.000Z (about 3 years ago)
• Last Synced: 2025-02-02T12:37:10.671Z (3 months ago)
• Topics: encryption, encryption-algorithms, encryption-decryption
• Homepage:
• Size: 162 KB
• Stars: 2
• Watchers: 2
• Forks: 1
• Open Issues: 0
• Metadata Files:
  • Readme: README.md
  • Contributing: contributing.md
  • License: LICENSE
  • Code of conduct: code-of-conduct.md

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README

        
# Homomorphic Encryption

An ongoing & curated collection of awesome software best practices and techniques, libraries and frameworks, E-books and videos, websites, blog posts, links to github Repositories, technical guidelines and important resources about Homomorphic Encryption.

> Thanks to all contributors, you're awesome and wouldn't be possible without you! Our goal is to build a categorized community-driven collection of very well-known resources.

## `About Encryption`

What is [Encryption](https://github.com/paulveillard/cybersecurity-encryption)?

## `About Homomorphic Encryption`

![homomorphic-encryption](https://github.com/paulveillard/cybersecurity-homomorphic-encyption/blob/main/img/Types-of-homomorphic-encryption.png)

> Homomorphic encryption is a form of encryption with an additional evaluation capability for computing over encrypted data without access to the secret key. The result of such a computation remains encrypted. Homomorphic encryption can be viewed as an extension of public-key cryptography. Homomorphic refers to homomorphism in algebra: the encryption and decryption functions can be thought of as homomorphisms between plaintext and ciphertext spaces.

Homomorphic encryption includes multiple types of encryption schemes that can perform different classes of computations over encrypted data.The computations are represented as either Boolean or arithmetic circuits. Some common types of homomorphic encryption are partially homomorphic, somewhat homomorphic, leveled fully homomorphic, and fully homomorphic encryption:

![homomorphic-encryption-2](https://github.com/paulveillard/cybersecurity-homomorphic-encyption/blob/main/img/types-of-homomoirphic-encryption-2.jpg)

- **Partially homomorphic encryption** encompasses schemes that support the evaluation of circuits consisting of only one type of gate, e.g., addition or multiplication.

- **Somewhat homomorphic encryption** schemes can evaluate two types of gates, but only for a subset of circuits.

- **Leveled fully homomorphic encryption** supports the evaluation of arbitrary circuits composed of multiple types of gates of bounded (pre-determined) depth.

- **Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE)** allows the evaluation of arbitrary circuits composed of multiple types of gates of unbounded depth, and is the strongest notion of homomorphic encryption.

For the majority of homomorphic encryption schemes, the multiplicative depth of circuits is the main practical limitation in performing computations over encrypted data. Homomorphic encryption schemes are inherently malleable. In terms of malleability, homomorphic encryption schemes have weaker security properties than non-homomorphic schemes.

## Table of Contents

- [Libraries](#libraries)

- [Toolkits](#toolkits)

- [Applications](#applications)

- [Databases](#databases)

- [Resources](#resources)

## Libraries

Libraries that can be used to implement applications using (Fully) Homomorphic Encryption.

- [concrete](https://github.com/zama-ai/concrete) - Rust FHE library that implements Zama's variant of TFHE.

- [cuFHE](https://github.com/vernamlab/cuFHE) - CUDA-accelerated Fully Homomorphic Encryption Library.

- [cuHE](https://github.com/vernamlab/cuHE) - GPU-accelerated HE library for NVIDIA CUDA-Enabled GPUs.

- [Cupcake](https://github.com/facebookresearch/Cupcake) - Facebook's Rust library for the (additive version of the) Fan-Vercauteren scheme.

- [cuYASHE](https://github.com/cuyashe-library/cuyashe) - Based on leveled fully HE scheme YASHE for GPGPUs.

- [FHEW](https://github.com/lducas/FHEW) - A Fully HE library based on [_FHEW: Bootstrapping Homomorphic Encryption in less than a second_](https://eprint.iacr.org/2014/816).

- [FV-NFLlib](https://github.com/CryptoExperts/FV-NFLlib) - A header-only library implementing the Fan-Vercauteren scheme.

- [HEAAN](https://github.com/snucrypto/HEAAN) -  Scheme with native support for fixed point approximate arithmetic.

- [HEAAN-Python](https://github.com/Huelse/HEAAN-Python) - Python binding for the [HEANN](#HEAAN) library.

- [HElib](https://github.com/HomEnc/HElib) - BGV scheme with bootstrapping and the Approximate Number CKKS scheme.

- [HEMat](https://github.com/K-miran/HEMat) - C++ implementation of matrix computation (addition, multiplication, and transposition) using [HEANN](#HEAAN).

- [krypto](https://github.com/kryptnostic/krypto) - C++ implementation of multivariate quadratic FHE.

- [Λ ○ λ](https://github.com/cpeikert/Lol) - "Lol" Haskell library for ring-based lattice cryptography that supports FHE.

- [lattigo](https://github.com/ldsec/lattigo) - Go library for lattice-based crypto that implements various schemes.

- [libScarab](https://github.com/hcrypt-project/libScarab) - C library implementing a FHE scheme using large integers.

- [libshe](https://github.com/bogdan-kulynych/libshe) - Symmetric somewhat HE library based on DGHV scheme.

- [Microsoft SEAL](https://github.com/microsoft/SEAL) - C++ FHE library implementing BFV and CKKS schemes.

- [NFLlib](https://github.com/quarkslab/NFLlib) - NTT-based Fast Lattice library specialized on power-of-two polynomials.

- [node-seal](https://github.com/morfix-io/node-seal) - JavaScript/WebAssembly port of [Microsoft SEAL](#SEAL).

- [NuFHE](https://github.com/nucypher/nufhe) - GPU-accelerated HE library, faster than cuFHE, that implements the [tfhe](#tfhe) algorithms.

- [PALISADE](https://palisade-crypto.org/software-library) - lattice encryption library.

- [petlib](https://github.com/gdanezis/petlib) - Python library that implements a number of Privacy Enhancing Technologies.

- [Pyfhel](https://github.com/ibarrond/Pyfhel) - A Python wrapper for [SEAL](#SEAL), [HElib](#HElib), and [PALISADE](#PALISADE).

- [python-paillier](https://github.com/data61/python-paillier) - Partially HE based on Paillier scheme.

- [SEAL-python](https://github.com/Huelse/SEAL-Python/) - Python binding for the [Microsoft SEAL](#SEAL) library.

- [SparkFHE](https://github.com/SpiRITlab/spark) - Apache Spark with an add-on for FHE computations. See [:page_facing_up:](https://homomorphicencryption.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/poster_5.pdf).

- [TenSEAL](https://github.com/OpenMined/TenSEAL) - Library for HE operations on tensors, built on [Microsoft SEAL](#SEAL), with a Python API.

- [tfhe](https://github.com/tfhe/tfhe) - Faster fully HE: Bootstrapping in less than 0.1 seconds.

	

**[`^        back to top        ^`](#)**

## Toolkits

- [ALCHEMY](https://github.com/cpeikert/ALCHEMY) - Haskell-based DSLs and interpreters/compilers, build on top of the lattice crypto library Lol.

- [AWS HE toolkit](https://github.com/awslabs/homomorphic-implementors-toolkit) - Simplifies the process of designing circuits for the CKKS scheme.

- [Cingulata](https://github.com/CEA-LIST/Cingulata) - Compiler toolchain and RTE for running C++ programs over encrypted data.

- [E3](https://github.com/momalab/e3) - Encrypt-Everything-Everywhere framework for compiling C++ programs with encrypted operands.

- [EVA](https://github.com/microsoft/EVA) - A compiler and optimizer for the CKKS scheme (targeting [Microsoft SEAL](#SEAL)).

- [Google's FHE Repository](https://github.com/google/fully-homomorphic-encryption) - Libraries and tools to perform FHE operations on an encrypted data set.

- [IBM FHE toolkit](https://fhe-website.mybluemix.net) - Including FHE ML inference with a Neural Network and a Privacy-Preserving key-value search.

	- [fhe-toolkit-android](https://github.com/IBM/fhe-toolkit-android) - IBM FHE toolkit for Android

	- [fhe-toolkit-ios](https://github.com/IBM/fhe-toolkit-ios) - IBM FHE toolkit for iOS

	- [fhe-toolkit-linux](https://github.com/IBM/fhe-toolkit-linux) - IBM FHE toolkit for Linux (Docker based Centos, Fedora, Ubuntu & Alpine editions)

	- [fhe-toolkit-macos](https://github.com/IBM/fhe-toolkit-macos) - IBM FHE toolkit for macOS

- [Marble](https://github.com/MarbleHE/Marble) - C++ framework that translates between nearly plaintext-style user programs and FHE computations.

- [SHEEP](https://github.com/alan-turing-institute/SHEEP) - HE evaluation platform with a set of native benchmarks and a library agnostic language.

**[`^        back to top        ^`](#)**

	

## Applications

- [crypto-geofence](https://github.com/Georeactor/crypto-geofence) - Geo-fencing demo application based on Paillier scheme.

- [lattigo-polls](https://github.com/ldsec/lattigo-polls-demo) - Web-application for scheduling meetings using [lattigo](#lattigo).

- [Morfix.io](https://morfix.io/sandbox) - Web-based UI to play around with the [Microsoft SEAL](#SEAL) library.

- [nGraph-HE](https://github.com/IntelAI/he-transformer) - Deep Learning (DL) with HE through Intel’s DL graph compiler nGraph based on [SEAL](#SEAL).

- [OpenMined](https://github.com/OpenMined) - Decentralized data ownership & intelligence based on HE and deep / federated learning.

	- [KotlinSyft](https://github.com/OpenMined/KotlinSyft) - Kotlin library for the Android part of the OpenMined's open-source ecosystem.

	- [PySyft](https://github.com/OpenMined/PySyft) - Python library for the server/IoT part of the OpenMined's open-source ecosystem.

	- [SwiftSyft](https://github.com/OpenMined/SwiftSyft) - Swift library for the iOS part of the OpenMined's open-source ecosystem.

	- [syft.js](https://github.com/OpenMined/syft.js) - JavaScript library for the web part of the OpenMined's open-source ecosystem.

- [Rosetta](https://github.com/LatticeX-Foundation/Rosetta) - A privacy-preserving framework based on TensorFlow.

- [tf-encrypted](https://github.com/tf-encrypted/tf-encrypted) - Bridge between TensorFlow and the [Microsoft SEAL](#SEAL) library.

## `Databases`

- [CryptDB](https://github.com/CryptDB/cryptdb) - Protecting confidentiality with encrypted query processing.

- [encrypted-mongodb](https://github.com/pdroalves/encrypted-mongodb) - Wrapper on MongoDB's Python driver that enables to query encrypted data.

- [Prisma/DB](https://github.com/PrismaDB/PrismaDB) - Security layer for relational database systems.

- [TimeCrypt](https://github.com/TimeCrypt/timecrypt) - Encrypted time-series database using homomorphic encryption-based access control.

- [ZeroDB](https://github.com/zerodb/zerodb) - E2E encrypted database using proxy re-encryption.

## `Resources`

- [Barak, Boaz](https://intensecrypto.org/public/lec_15_FHE.html). Chapter about FHE in Barak's introductory book to Cryptography, used for Harvard CS 127.

- [Barthelemy, Lucas](https://blog.quarkslab.com/a-brief-survey-of-fully-homomorphic-encryption-computing-on-encrypted-data.html). Brief survey of Fully HE. 2016.

- [Chen, Zhigang](https://zhigang-chen.github.io/A%20List%20of%20FHE%20Papers.html). A continuously updated list of FHE papers.

- [Gentry, Craig](https://crypto.stanford.edu/craig/craig-thesis.pdf). A fully homomorphic encryption scheme. Stanford University, 2009.

- [HomomorphicEncryption.org](https://homomorphicencryption.org). An open industry, government & academic consortium working on standardization of FHE.

- [KU Leuven](https://www.esat.kuleuven.be/cosic/tag/cosic-guide-to-crypto/). An introduction to homomorphic encryption.

- [Micciancio, Daniele](http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~daniele/LatticeLinks/FHE.html). Links to papers and implementations of Lattice Cryptography schemes.

- [Microsoft Research](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD7HFcN7LXRef-eTSGt_XOUJLZNoDINUn). Videos from SEAL/CKKS talks at Microsoft's Private AI Bootcamp.

- [Vaikuntanathan, Vinoid](https://people.csail.mit.edu/vinodv/FHE/FHE-refs.html). A list of references about FHE, covering top papers in the field.

- [Zhigang Chen](https://zhigang-chen.github.io/FHE%20Resources.html). A list of English and Chinese FHE and Machine Learning references.

## Related awesome lists

- [cybersecurity-cryptography](https://github.com/paulveillard/cybersecurity-cryptography)

- [cybersecurity-encryption](https://github.com/paulveillard/cybersecurity-encryption)

- [cybersecurity-decryption](https://github.com/paulveillard/cybersecurity-decryption)

## `Contribute`

Contributions welcome! Read the [contribution guidelines](contributing.md) first.

## Like this work?

**[`^        back to top        ^`](#)**

## `License`

MIT License & [cc](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) license


This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

To the extent possible under law, [Paul Veillard](https://github.com/paulveillard/) has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work.