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https://github.com/qiniu/qlang
The Go+ programming language is designed for engineering, STEM education, and data science
https://github.com/qiniu/qlang
data-science engineering golang gop goplus low-code programming-language scientific-computing stem stem-education
Last synced: 3 months ago
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The Go+ programming language is designed for engineering, STEM education, and data science
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/qiniu/qlang
- Owner: goplus
- License: apache-2.0
- Created: 2015-12-12T01:21:39.000Z (almost 9 years ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2024-04-18T22:27:21.000Z (7 months ago)
- Last Synced: 2024-04-20T09:16:03.212Z (7 months ago)
- Topics: data-science, engineering, golang, gop, goplus, low-code, programming-language, scientific-computing, stem, stem-education
- Language: Go
- Homepage: https://goplus.org
- Size: 22.6 MB
- Stars: 8,776
- Watchers: 186
- Forks: 545
- Open Issues: 37
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- License: LICENSE
- Code of conduct: CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
Awesome Lists containing this project
README
The Go+ Programming Language
[goplus.org](https://goplus.org) | [Docs](doc/docs.md) | [Go+ vs. Go](doc/goplus-vs-go.md) | [Tutorials](https://tutorial.goplus.org/) | [Playground](https://play.goplus.org) | [iGo+ Playground](https://repl.goplus.org/) | [Contributing & compiler design](doc/contributing.md)
[](https://github.com/goplus/gop/actions/workflows/go.yml)
[](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/goplus/gop)
[](https://codecov.io/gh/goplus/gop)
[](https://github.com/goplus/gop/releases)
[](https://discord.com/invite/mYjWCJDcAr)
Our vision is to **enable everyone to create production-level applications**.
#### Easy to learn
* Simple and easy to understand
* Smaller syntax set than Python in best practices
#### Ready for large projects
* Derived from Go and easy to build large projects from its good engineering foundation
The Go+ programming language is designed for engineering, STEM education, and data science.
* **For engineering**: working in the simplest language that can be mastered by children.
* **For STEM education**: studying an engineering language that can be used for work in the future.
* **For data science**: communicating with engineers in the same language.
For more details, see [Quick Start](doc/docs.md).
## Key Features of Go+
* Approaching natural language expression and intuitive (see [How Go+ simplifies Go's expressions](#how-go-simplifies-gos-expressions)).
* Smallest but Turing-complete syntax set in best practices (see [Go+ Specification for STEM Education](doc/spec-mini.md)).
* Fully compatible with [Go](https://github.com/golang/go) and can mix Go/Go+ code in the same package (see [Go+ Full Specification](doc/spec.md) and [Go/Go+ Hybrid Programming](doc/docs.md#gogo-hybrid-programming)).
* Integrating with the C ecosystem including Python and providing limitless possibilities based on [LLGo](https://github.com/goplus/llgo) (see [Support for C/C++ and Python](#support-for-cc-and-python)).
* Does not support DSL (Domain-Specific Languages), but supports SDF (Specific Domain Friendliness) (see [Go+ Classfiles](#go-classfiles)).
## How Go+ simplifies Go's expressions
Different from the function call style of most languages, Go+ recommends command style code:
```coffee
println "Hello world"
```
To emphasize our preference for command style, we introduce `echo` as an alias for `println`:
```coffee
echo "Hello world"
```
For more discussion on coding style, see https://tutorial.goplus.org/hello-world.
Code style is just the first step. We have made many efforts to make the code more intuitive and closer to natural language expression. These include:
| Go code | Go+ code | Note |
| ---- | ---- | ---- |
| package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Println("Hi")
} | import "fmt"
fmt.Println("Hi")
| Program structure: Go+ allows omitting `package main` and `func main` |
| fmt.Println("Hi") | echo("Hi") | More builtin functions: It simplifies the expression of the most common tasks |
| fmt.Println("Hi") | echo "Hi" | Command-line style code: It reduces the number of parentheses in the code as much as possible, making it closer to natural language |
| a := []int{1, 2, 3} | a := [1, 2, 3] | List literals |
| a := map[string]int{
"Monday": 1,
"Tuesday": 2,
} | a := {
"Monday": 1,
"Tuesday": 2,
} | Mapping literals |
| OnStart(func() {
...
}) | onStart => {
...
} | Lambda expressions |
| type Rect struct {
Width float64
Height float64
}
func (this *Rect) Area() float64 {
return this.Width * this.Height
} | var (
Width float64
Height float64
)
func Area() float64 {
return Width * Height
} | [Go+ Classfiles](doc/classfile.md): We can express OOP with global variables and functions. |
For more details, see [Go+ Specification for STEM Education](doc/spec-mini.md).
## Support for C/C++ and Python
Go+ can choose different Go compilers as its underlying support. Currently known supported Go compilers include:
* [go](https://go.dev/) (The official Go compiler supported by Google)
* [llgo](https://github.com/goplus/llgo) (The Go compiler supported by the Go+ team)
* [tinygo](https://tinygo.org/) (A Go compiler for small places)
Currently, Go+ defaults to using [go](https://go.dev/) as its underlying support, but in the future, it will be [llgo](https://github.com/goplus/llgo).
LLGo is a Go compiler based on [LLVM](https://llvm.org/) in order to better integrate Go with the C ecosystem including Python. It aims to expand the boundaries of Go/Go+, providing limitless possibilities such as:
* Game development
* AI and data science
* WebAssembly
* Embedded development
* ...
If you wish to use [llgo](https://github.com/goplus/llgo), specify the `-llgo` flag when initializing a Go+ module:
```sh
gop mod init -llgo YourModulePath
```
This will generate a `go.mod` file with the following contents (It may vary slightly depending on the versions of local Go+ and LLGo):
```go
module YourModulePath
go 1.21 // llgo 1.0
require github.com/goplus/llgo v0.9.1
```
Based on LLGo, Go+ can support importing libraries written in C/C++ and Python.
Here is an example (see [chello](demo/_llgo/chello/hello.gop)) of printing `Hello world` using C's `printf`:
```go
import "c"
c.printf c"Hello world\n"
```
Here, `c"Hello world\n"` is a syntax supported by Go+, representing a null-terminated C-style string.
To run this example, you can:
```sh
cd YourModulePath # set work directory to your module
gop mod tidy # for generating go.sum file
gop run .
```
And here is an example (see [pyhello](demo/_llgo/pyhello/hello.gop)) of printing `Hello world` using Python's `print`:
```go
import "py/std"
std.print py"Hello world"
```
Here, `py"Hello world"` is a syntax supported by Go+, representing a Python string.
Here are more examples of Go+ calling C/C++ and Python libraries:
* [pytensor](demo/_llgo/pytensor/tensor.gop): a simple demo using [py/torch](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/torch)
* [tetris](demo/_llgo/tetris/tetris.gop): a tetris game based on [c/raylib](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/raylib)
* [sqlitedemo](demo/_llgo/sqlitedemo/sqlitedemo.gop): a demo using [c/sqlite](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/sqlite)
To find out more about LLGo/Go+'s support for C/C++ and Python in detail, please refer to homepage of [llgo](https://github.com/goplus/llgo).
## Go+ Classfiles
```
One language can change the whole world.
Go+ is a "DSL" for all domains.
```
Rob Pike once said that if he could only introduce one feature to Go, he would choose `interface` instead of `goroutine`. `classfile` is as important to Go+ as `interface` is to Go.
In the design philosophy of Go+, we do not recommend `DSL` (Domain Specific Language). But `SDF` (Specific Domain Friendliness) is very important. The Go+ philosophy about `SDF` is:
```
Don't define a language for specific domain.
Abstract domain knowledge for it.
```
Go+ introduces `classfile` to abstract domain knowledge.
* [What's Classfile?](doc/classfile.md#whats-classfile)
* [Dive into Go+ Classfiles](doc/classfile.md)
Sound a bit abstract? Let's see some Go+ classfiles.
* Unit Test: [classfile: Unit Test](https://github.com/goplus/gop/blob/main/doc/classfile.md#classfile-unit-test)
* DevOps: [gsh: Go+ DevOps Tools](https://github.com/qiniu/x/tree/main/gsh)
* Web Programming: [yap: Yet Another HTTP Web Framework](https://github.com/goplus/yap)
* Web Programming: [yaptest: HTTP Test Framework](https://github.com/goplus/yap/tree/main/ytest)
* Web Programming: [ydb: Database Framework](https://github.com/goplus/yap/tree/main/ydb)
* STEM Education: [spx: A Go+ 2D Game Engine](https://github.com/goplus/spx)
### yap: Yet Another HTTP Web Framework
This classfile has the file suffix `.yap`.
Create a file named [get.yap](https://github.com/goplus/yap/blob/main/demo/classfile2_hello/get.yap) with the following content:
```go
html `Hello, YAP!`
```
Execute the following commands:
```sh
gop mod init hello
gop get github.com/goplus/yap@latest
gop mod tidy
gop run .
```
A simplest web program is running now. At this time, if you visit http://localhost:8080, you will get:
```
Hello, YAP!
```
YAP uses filenames to define routes. `get.yap`'s route is `get "/"` (GET homepage), and `get_p_#id.yap`'s route is `get "/p/:id"` (In fact, the filename can also be `get_p_:id.yap`, but it is not recommended because `:` is not allowed to exist in filenames under Windows).
Let's create a file named [get_p_#id.yap](https://github.com/goplus/yap/blob/main/demo/classfile2_hello/get_p_%23id.yap) with the following content:
```coffee
json {
"id": ${id},
}
```
Execute `gop run .` and visit http://localhost:8080/p/123, you will get:
```
{"id": "123"}
```
See [yap: Yet Another HTTP Web Framework](https://github.com/goplus/yap) for more details.
### spx: A Go+ 2D Game Engine
 
Through this example you can learn how to implement dialogues between multiple actors.
Here are some codes in [Kai.spx](https://github.com/goplus/spx/blob/main/tutorial/01-Weather/Kai.spx):
```coffee
onStart => {
say "Where do you come from?", 2
broadcast "1"
}
onMsg "2", => {
say "What's the climate like in your country?", 3
broadcast "3"
}
```
We call `onStart` and `onMsg` to listen events. `onStart` is called when the program is started. And `onMsg` is called when someone calls `broadcast` to broadcast a message.
When the program starts, Kai says `Where do you come from?`, and then broadcasts the message `1`. Who will recieve this message? Let's see codes in [Jaime.spx](https://github.com/goplus/spx/blob/main/tutorial/01-Weather/Jaime.spx):
```coffee
onMsg "1", => {
say "I come from England.", 2
broadcast "2"
}
```
Yes, Jaime recieves the message `1` and says `I come from England.`. Then he broadcasts the message `2`. Kai recieves it and says `What's the climate like in your country?`.
The following procedures are very similar. In this way you can implement dialogues between multiple actors.
See [spx: A Go+ 2D Game Engine](https://github.com/goplus/spx) for more details.
### gsh: Go+ DevOps Tools
Yes, now you can write `shell script` in Go+. It supports all shell commands.
Let's create a file named [example.gsh](https://github.com/qiniu/x/blob/main/gsh/demo/hello/example.gsh) and write the following code:
```coffee
mkdir "testgsh"
```
Don't need a `go.mod` file, just enter `gop run ./example.gsh` directly to run.
See [gsh: Go+ DevOps Tools](https://github.com/qiniu/x/tree/main/gsh) for more details.
## How to install
Note: Requires go1.19 or later
### on Windows
```sh
winget install goplus.gop
```
### on Debian/Ubuntu
```sh
sudo bash -c ' echo "deb [trusted=yes] https://pkgs.goplus.org/apt/ /" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/goplus.list'
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gop
```
### on RedHat/CentOS/Fedora
```sh
sudo bash -c 'echo -e "[goplus]\nname=Go+ Repo\nbaseurl=https://pkgs.goplus.org/yum/\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=0" > /etc/yum.repos.d/goplus.repo'
sudo yum install gop
```
### on macOS/Linux (Homebrew)
Install via [brew](https://brew.sh/)
```sh
$ brew install goplus
```
### from source code
```bash
git clone https://github.com/goplus/gop.git
cd gop
# On mac/linux run:
./all.bash
# On Windows run:
all.bat
```
## Go+ Applications
### 2D Games powered by Go+
* [A Go+ 2D Game Engine for STEM education](https://github.com/goplus/spx)
* [Aircraft War](https://github.com/goplus/AircraftWar)
* [Flappy Bird](https://github.com/goplus/FlappyCalf)
* [Maze Play](https://github.com/goplus/MazePlay)
* [BetaGo](https://github.com/xushiwei/BetaGo)
* [Gobang](https://github.com/xushiwei/Gobang)
* [Dinosaur](https://github.com/xushiwei/Dinosaur)
### Web Programming
* [yap: Yet Another HTTP Web Framework](https://github.com/goplus/yap)
* [yaptest: HTTP Test Framework](https://github.com/goplus/yap/tree/main/ytest)
* [ydb: Database Framework](https://github.com/goplus/yap#ydb-database-framework)
### DevOps Tools
* [gsh: Go+ DevOps Tools](https://github.com/qiniu/x/tree/main/gsh)
### Data Processing
* [hdq: HTML DOM Query Language for Go+](https://github.com/goplus/hdq)
## IDE Plugins
* vscode: [Go/Go+ for Visual Studio Code](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=goplus.gop)
## Contributing
The Go+ project welcomes all contributors. We appreciate your help!
For more details, see [Contributing & compiler design](doc/contributing.md).
## Give a Star! ⭐
If you like or are using Go+ to learn or start your projects, please give it a star. Thanks!