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free5GC 5GC & srsRAN 5G with ZeroMQ UE / RAN Sample Configuration
https://github.com/s5uishida/free5gc_srsran_sample_config
5g 5gc free5gc gnodeb mec mobile-edge-computing mobile-network ran srsran ue zeromq
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free5GC 5GC & srsRAN 5G with ZeroMQ UE / RAN Sample Configuration
Host: GitHub
URL: https://github.com/s5uishida/free5gc_srsran_sample_config
Owner: s5uishida
Created: 2023-08-26T16:01:34.000Z (over 1 year ago)
Default Branch: main
Last Pushed: 2024-11-08T15:12:53.000Z (about 2 months ago)
Last Synced: 2024-11-08T15:18:24.637Z (about 2 months ago)
Topics: 5g, 5gc, free5gc, gnodeb, mec, mobile-edge-computing, mobile-network, ran, srsran, ue, zeromq
Homepage:
Size: 375 KB
Stars: 10
Watchers: 2
Forks: 0
Open Issues: 2
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
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README

        # free5GC 5GC & srsRAN 5G with ZeroMQ UE / RAN Sample Configuration

srsRAN_Project and srsRAN_4G software suites include a virtual radio which uses the ZeroMQ networking library to transfer radio samples between applications.

Therefore, in order to use U-Plane's DN (Data Network) as a trial, I built a simulation environment for the 5GC mobile network.

This briefly describes the overall and configuration files in the Proxmox VE environment.

---

### [Sample Configurations and Miscellaneous for Mobile Network](https://github.com/s5uishida/sample_config_misc_for_mobile_network)

---



## Table of Contents

- [Overview of free5GC 5GC Simulation Mobile Network](#overview)

- [Changes in configuration files of free5GC 5GC and srsRAN 5G ZMQ UE / RAN](#changes)

  - [Changes in configuration files of free5GC 5GC C-Plane](#changes_cp)

  - [Changes in configuration files of free5GC 5GC U-Plane](#changes_up)

  - [Changes in configuration files of srsRAN 5G ZMQ UE / RAN](#changes_srs)

    - [Changes in configuration files of RAN](#changes_ran)

    - [Changes in configuration files of UE](#changes_ue)

- [Network settings of free5GC 5GC](#network_settings)

  - [Network settings of free5GC 5GC U-Plane](#network_settings_up)

- [Build free5GC and srsRAN 5G ZMQ UE / RAN](#build)

  - [Build go-upf](#build_upf)

- [Run free5GC 5GC and srsRAN 5G ZMQ UE / RAN](#run)

  - [Run free5GC 5GC C-Plane](#run_cp)

  - [Run free5GC 5GC U-Plane](#run_up)

  - [Run srsRAN 5G ZMQ RAN](#run_ran)

  - [Run srsRAN 5G ZMQ UE](#run_ue)

- [Ping google.com](#ping)

  - [Case for going through DN 10.45.0.0/16](#ping_1)

- [Changelog (summary)](#changelog)

---



## Overview of free5GC 5GC Simulation Mobile Network

I created a 5GC mobile network (Internet reachable) for simulation with the aim of creating an environment in which packets can be sent end-to-end with one DN for one DNN.

The following minimum configuration was set as a condition.

- Only one each for C-Plane, U-Plane and UE.

The built simulation environment is as follows.



The 5GC / UE / RAN used are as follows.

- 5GC - free5GC v3.4.3 (2024.11.08) - https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc

- UPF - go-upf v1.2.3 (2024.11.04) - https://github.com/free5gc/go-upf

- (UPF) - gtp5g v0.9.3 (2024.11.06) - https://github.com/free5gc/gtp5g

- RAN - srsRAN Project (2024.10.14) - https://github.com/srsran/srsRAN_Project

- UE (NR-UE) - srsRAN 4G (2024.02.01) - https://github.com/srsran/srsRAN_4G

Each VMs are as follows.  

| VM | SW & Role | IP address | OS | CPU 
 (Min) | Mem 
 (Min) | HDD 
 (Min) |

| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| VM1 | free5GC 5GC C-Plane | 192.168.0.141/24 | Ubuntu 24.04 | 1 | 2GB | 20GB |

| VM2 | free5GC 5GC U-Plane  | 192.168.0.142/24 | Ubuntu 24.04 | 1 | 1GB | 20GB |

| VM3 | srsRAN Project ZMQ RAN
(gNodeB) | 192.168.0.121/24 | Ubuntu 24.04 | 2 | 4GB | 10GB |

| VM4 | srsRAN 4G ZMQ UE
(NR-UE) | 192.168.0.122/24 | Ubuntu 22.04 | 1 | 2GB | 10GB |

AMF & SMF addresses are as follows.  

| NF | IP address | IP address on SBI | Supported S-NSSAI |

| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| AMF | 192.168.0.141 | 127.0.0.18 | SST:1, SD:0x000001 |

| SMF | 192.168.0.141 | 127.0.0.2 | SST:1, SD:0x000001 |

Subscriber Information (other information is the same) is as follows.  

| UE | IMSI | DNN | OP/OPc | S-NSSAI |

| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| UE (NR-UE) | 001010000000000 | internet | OPc | SST:1, SD:0x000001 |

I registered these information with the free5GC WebUI.

In addition, [3GPP TS 35.208](https://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/35208.htm) "4.3 Test Sets" is published by 3GPP as test data for the 3GPP authentication and key generation functions (MILENAGE).

DN is as follows.

| DN | S-NSSAI | TUNnel interface of DN | DNN | TUNnel interface of UE |

| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| 10.60.0.0/16 | SST:1 
 SD:0x000001 | upfgtp | internet | tun_srsue |

The main information of gNodeB is as follows.

| MCC | MNC | TAC | gNodeB ID |

| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| 001 | 01 | 1 | 0x19b |

Additional information.

free5GC 5GC U-Plane worked fine on Raspberry Pi 4 Model B. I used [Ubuntu 20.04 (64bit) for Raspberry Pi 4](https://ubuntu.com/download/raspberry-pi) as the OS. I think it would be convenient to place a compact U-Plane in the edge environment and use it as an end-point for DN.

In addition, I have not confirmed the communication performance.



## Changes in configuration files of free5GC 5GC and srsRAN 5G ZMQ UE / RAN

Please refer to the following for building free5GC and srsRAN 5G ZMQ UE / RAN respectively.

- free5GC v3.4.3 (2024.11.08) - https://free5gc.org/guide/

- go-upf v1.2.3 (2024.11.04) - https://free5gc.org/guide/

- gtp5g v0.9.3 (2024.11.06) - https://free5gc.org/guide/

- srsRAN Project (RAN) (2024.10.14) - https://github.com/s5uishida/build_srsran_5g_zmq

- srsRAN 4G (UE) (2024.02.01) - https://github.com/s5uishida/build_srsran_4g_zmq_disable_rf_plugins



### Changes in configuration files of free5GC 5GC C-Plane

The combination of DNN and S-NSSAI parameters can be used in the logic that selects UPF as the connection destination by PFCP.

- DNN

- S-NSSAI

For the sake of simplicity, This time, only DNN will be changed. S-NSSAI is fixed as `SST=1` and `SD=000001`.

- `free5gc/config/amfcfg.yaml`

```diff

--- amfcfg.yaml.orig    2024-11-08 20:40:28.168990246 +0900

+++ amfcfg.yaml 2024-11-08 20:54:28.718304197 +0900

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@

 configuration:

   amfName: AMF # the name of this AMF

   ngapIpList:  # the IP list of N2 interfaces on this AMF

-    - 127.0.0.18

+    - 192.168.0.141

   ngapPort: 38412 # the SCTP port listened by NGAP

 

   # Service-based Interface (SBI) Configuration

@@ -30,25 +30,25 @@

   servedGuamiList:

     #  = 

     - plmnId: # Public Land Mobile Network ID,  = 

-        mcc: 208 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

-        mnc: 93 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

+        mcc: 001 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

+        mnc: 01 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

       amfId: cafe00 # AMF identifier (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)

 

   # the TAI (Tracking Area Identifier) list supported by this AMF

   supportTaiList:

     - plmnId: # Public Land Mobile Network ID,  = 

-        mcc: 208 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

-        mnc: 93 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

+        mcc: 001 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

+        mnc: 01 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

       tac: 000001 # Tracking Area Code (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)

 

   # the PLMNs (Public land mobile network) list supported by this AMF

   plmnSupportList:

     - plmnId: # Public Land Mobile Network ID,  = 

-        mcc: 208 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

-        mnc: 93 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

+        mcc: 001 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

+        mnc: 01 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

       snssaiList: # the S-NSSAI (Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information) list supported by this AMF

         - sst: 1 # Slice/Service Type (uinteger, range: 0~255)

-          sd: 010203 # Slice Differentiator (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)

+          sd: 000001 # Slice Differentiator (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)

         - sst: 1 # Slice/Service Type (uinteger, range: 0~255)

           sd: 112233 # Slice Differentiator (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)

 

```

- `free5gc/config/ausfcfg.yaml`

```diff

--- ausfcfg.yaml.orig   2024-03-30 10:35:10.534612278 +0900

+++ ausfcfg.yaml        2024-03-30 10:48:53.470630936 +0900

@@ -16,10 +16,8 @@

   nrfUri: http://127.0.0.10:8000 # a valid URI of NRF

   nrfCertPem: cert/nrf.pem # NRF Certificate

   plmnSupportList: # the PLMNs (Public Land Mobile Network) list supported by this AUSF

-    - mcc: 208 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

-      mnc: 93  # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

-    - mcc: 123 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

-      mnc: 45  # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

+    - mcc: 001 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

+      mnc: 01  # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

   groupId: ausfGroup001 # ID for the group of the AUSF

   eapAkaSupiImsiPrefix: false # including "imsi-" prefix or not when using the SUPI to do EAP-AKA' authentication

```

- `free5gc/config/nrfcfg.yaml`

```diff

--- nrfcfg.yaml.orig    2024-11-08 20:40:28.168990246 +0900

+++ nrfcfg.yaml 2024-11-08 20:55:32.351444163 +0900

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@

       key: cert/root.key

     oauth: true

   DefaultPlmnId:

-    mcc: 208 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

-    mnc: 93 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

+    mcc: 001 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

+    mnc: 01 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

   serviceNameList: # the SBI services provided by this NRF, refer to TS 29.510

     - nnrf-nfm # Nnrf_NFManagement service

     - nnrf-disc # Nnrf_NFDiscovery service

```

- `free5gc/config/nssfcfg.yaml`

```diff

--- nssfcfg.yaml.orig   2024-03-30 10:35:10.535609025 +0900

+++ nssfcfg.yaml        2024-03-31 20:33:17.782753733 +0900

@@ -18,15 +18,15 @@

   nrfUri: http://127.0.0.10:8000 # a valid URI of NRF

   nrfCertPem: cert/nrf.pem # NRF Certificate

   supportedPlmnList: # the PLMNs (Public land mobile network) list supported by this NSSF

-    - mcc: 208 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

-      mnc: 93 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

+    - mcc: 001 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

+      mnc: 01 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

   supportedNssaiInPlmnList: # Supported S-NSSAI List for each PLMN

     - plmnId: # Public Land Mobile Network ID,  = 

-        mcc: 208 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

-        mnc: 93 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

+        mcc: 001 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

+        mnc: 01 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

       supportedSnssaiList: # Supported S-NSSAIs of the PLMN

         - sst: 1 # Slice/Service Type (uinteger, range: 0~255)

-          sd: 010203 # Slice Differentiator (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)

+          sd: 000001 # Slice Differentiator (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)

         - sst: 1 # Slice/Service Type (uinteger, range: 0~255)

           sd: 112233 # Slice Differentiator (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)

         - sst: 1 # Slice/Service Type (uinteger, range: 0~255)

```

- `free5gc/config/smfcfg.yaml`

```diff

--- smfcfg.yaml.orig    2024-11-08 20:40:28.168990246 +0900

+++ smfcfg.yaml 2024-11-08 21:00:49.058250902 +0900

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@

   snssaiInfos:

     - sNssai: # S-NSSAI (Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information)

         sst: 1 # Slice/Service Type (uinteger, range: 0~255)

-        sd: 010203 # Slice Differentiator (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)

+        sd: 000001 # Slice Differentiator (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)

       dnnInfos: # DNN information list

         - dnn: internet # Data Network Name

           dns: # the IP address of DNS

@@ -42,16 +42,16 @@

 

   # Optional: PLMN IDs configuration.

   plmnList:

-    - mcc: 208 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

-      mnc: 93 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

+    - mcc: 001 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

+      mnc: 01 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)

   locality: area1 # Name of the location where a set of AMF, SMF, PCF and UPFs are located

 

   # PFCP (Packet Forwarding Control Protocol) configuration for N4 interface.

   pfcp:

     # addr config is deprecated in smf config v1.0.3, please use the following config

-    nodeID: 127.0.0.1 # the Node ID of this SMF

-    listenAddr: 127.0.0.1 # the IP/FQDN of N4 interface on this SMF (PFCP)

-    externalAddr: 127.0.0.1 # the IP/FQDN of N4 interface on this SMF (PFCP)

+    nodeID: 192.168.0.141 # the Node ID of this SMF

+    listenAddr: 192.168.0.141 # the IP/FQDN of N4 interface on this SMF (PFCP)

+    externalAddr: 192.168.0.141 # the IP/FQDN of N4 interface on this SMF (PFCP)

     assocFailAlertInterval: 10s

     assocFailRetryInterval: 30s

     heartbeatInterval: 10s

@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@

         type: AN # the type of the node (AN or UPF)

       UPF: # the name of the node

         type: UPF # the type of the node (AN or UPF)

-        nodeID: 127.0.0.8 # the Node ID of this UPF

-        addr: 127.0.0.8 # the IP/FQDN of N4 interface on this UPF (PFCP)

+        nodeID: 192.168.0.142 # the Node ID of this UPF

+        addr: 192.168.0.142 # the IP/FQDN of N4 interface on this UPF (PFCP)

         sNssaiUpfInfos: # S-NSSAI information list for this UPF

           - sNssai: # S-NSSAI (Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information)

               sst: 1 # Slice/Service Type (uinteger, range: 0~255)

-              sd: 010203 # Slice Differentiator (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)

+              sd: 000001 # Slice Differentiator (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)

             dnnUpfInfoList: # DNN information list for this S-NSSAI

               - dnn: internet

                 pools:

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@

         interfaces: # Interface list for this UPF

           - interfaceType: N3 # the type of the interface (N3 or N9)

             endpoints: # the IP address of this N3/N9 interface on this UPF

-              - 127.0.0.8

+              - 192.168.0.142

             networkInstances: # Data Network Name (DNN)

               - internet

 

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@

     links:

       - A: gNB1

         B: UPF

-

+  ulcl: false

   # retransmission timer for PDU session modification command

   t3591:

     enable: true # true or false

```



### Changes in configuration files of free5GC 5GC U-Plane

- `go-upf/upfcfg.yaml`

```diff

--- upfcfg.yaml.orig    2024-11-08 21:13:34.233104350 +0900

+++ upfcfg.yaml 2024-11-08 21:15:50.546333816 +0900

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@

 # PFCP Configuration

 # The listen IP and nodeID of the N4 interface on this UPF (Can't set to 0.0.0.0)

 pfcp:

-  addr: 127.0.0.8   # IP addr for listening

-  nodeID: 127.0.0.8 # External IP or FQDN can be reached

+  addr: 192.168.0.142   # IP addr for listening

+  nodeID: 192.168.0.142 # External IP or FQDN can be reached

   retransTimeout: 1s # retransmission timeout

   maxRetrans: 3 # the max number of retransmission

 

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@

   # If you bind to a specific IP, ensure SMF uses the same IP in its N3 configuration.

   # If you bind to all (0.0.0.0), SMF can use any of the available UPF IPs, but do not use 0.0.0.0 in SMF.

   ifList:

-    - addr: 127.0.0.8

+    - addr: 192.168.0.142

       type: N3

       # name: upf.5gc.nctu.me

       # ifname: gtpif

@@ -29,8 +29,6 @@

 dnnList:

   - dnn: internet # Data Network Name

     cidr: 10.60.0.0/16 # Classless Inter-Domain Routing for assigned IPv4 pool of UE

-  - dnn: internet # Data Network Name

-    cidr: 10.61.0.0/16 # Classless Inter-Domain Routing for assigned IPv4 pool of UE

     # natifname: eth0

 

 # Logging Configuration

```



### Changes in configuration files of srsRAN 5G ZMQ UE / RAN



#### Changes in configuration files of RAN

See [here](https://github.com/s5uishida/build_srsran_5g_zmq#create-the-configuration-file-of-gnodeb) for the original files.

- `srsRAN_Project/build/ap 
```diff 
--- gnb_zmq.yaml.orig 
+++ gnb_zmq.yaml 
@@ -3,22 +3,33 @@ 
 # To run the 
 #   sudo ./gnb -c gnb_zmq.yaml 
 
+gnb_id: 0x19B 
+ 
+cu_up: 
+  upf: 
+    bind_addr: 192.168.0.121 
+    ext_addr: auto 
+    udp_max_rx_msgs: 256 
+    pool_threshold: 0.9 
+    no_core: false 
+ 
 cu_cp: 
   amf: 
-    addr: 10.53.1.2 
+    addr: 192.168.0.141 
     port: 38412 
-    bind_addr: 10.53.1.1 
+    bind_addr: 192.168.0.121 
     supported_tracking_areas: 
-      - tac: 7 
+      - tac: 1 
         plmn_list: 
           - plmn: "00101" 
 
               - sst: 1 
+                sd: 1 
   inactivity_timer: 7200 
 
 ru_sdr: 
   device_driver: zmq 
-  device_args: 
+  device_args: 
   srate: 23.04 
   tx_gain: 75 
   rx_gain: 75 
@@ -29,7 +40,7 @@ 
   channel_bandwidth_MHz: 20 
   common_scs: 15 
   plmn: "00101" 
-  tac: 7 
+  tac: 1 
   pdcch: 
     common: 
       ss0_index: 0 
```

ps/gnb/gnb_zmq.yaml` 2024-10-14 18:46:45.000000000 +0900 2024-11-08 22:03:11.886411264 +0900 srsRAN Project gNB with this config, use the following command: # Optional TEXT. Sets local IP address to bind for N3 interface. Format: IPV4 or IPV6 IP address. # Optional TEXT. Sets external IP address that is advertised to receive GTP-U packets from UPF via N3 interface. Format: IPV4 or IPV6 IP address. # Optional INT. Sets the maximum amount of messages RX in a single syscall. # Optional FLOAT. Sets the pool accupancy threshold after which packets are dropped. Supported: [0.0 - 1.0]. # Optional BOOLEAN. Setting to true allows the gNB to run without a core. Supported: [0, 1]. # The address or hostname of the AMF. # The address or hostname of the AMF. # A local IP that the gNB binds to for traffic from the AMF. # A local IP that the gNB binds to for traffic from the AMF. tai_slice_support_list: # Sets the UE/PDU Session/DRB inactivity timer to 7200 seconds. Supported: [1 - 7200]. # The RF driver name. tx_port=tcp://127.0.0.1:2000,rx_port=tcp://127.0.0.1:2001,base_srate=23.04e6 # Optionally pass arguments to the selected RF driver. tx_port=tcp://192.168.0.121:2000,rx_port=tcp://192.168.0.122:2001,base_srate=23.04e6 # Optionally pass arguments to the selected RF driver. # RF sample rate might need to be adjusted according to selected bandwidth. # Transmit gain of the RF might need to adjusted to the given situation. # Receive gain of the RF might need to adjusted to the given situation. # Bandwith in MHz. Number of PRBs will be automatically derived. # Subcarrier spacing in kHz used for data. # PLMN broadcasted by the gNB. # Tracking area code (needs to match the core configuration). # Tracking area code (needs to match the core configuration). # Set search space zero index to match srsUE capabilities



#### Changes in configuration files of UE

See [here](https://github.com/s5uishida/build_srsran_4g_zmq_disable_rf_plugins#create-the-configuration-file-of-nr-ue) for the original files.

- `srsRAN_4G/build/srsue/ue_zmq.conf`

```diff

--- ue_zmq.conf.orig    2023-12-07 03:04:57.000000000 +0900

+++ ue_zmq.conf 2024-03-31 20:55:24.907470983 +0900

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@

 nof_antennas = 1

 

 device_name = zmq

-device_args = tx_port=tcp://127.0.0.1:2001,rx_port=tcp://127.0.0.1:2000,base_srate=23.04e6

+device_args = tx_port=tcp://192.168.0.122:2001,rx_port=tcp://192.168.0.121:2000,base_srate=23.04e6

 

 [rat.eutra]

 dl_earfcn = 2850

@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@

 [usim]

 mode = soft

 algo = milenage

-opc  = 63BFA50EE6523365FF14C1F45F88737D

-k    = 00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff

-imsi = 001010123456780

+opc  = 8e27b6af0e692e750f32667a3b14605d

+k    = 8baf473f2f8fd09487cccbd7097c6862

+imsi = 001010000000000

 imei = 353490069873319

 

 [rrc]

@@ -44,11 +44,16 @@

 ue_category = 4

 

 [nas]

-apn = srsapn

+apn = internet

 apn_protocol = ipv4

 

+[slicing]

+enable = true

+nssai-sst = 1

+nssai-sd = 1

+

 [gw]

-netns = ue1

+#netns = ue1

 ip_devname = tun_srsue

 ip_netmask = 255.255.255.0

 

```



## Network settings of free5GC 5GC



### Network settings of free5GC 5GC U-Plane

First, uncomment the next line in the `/etc/sysctl.conf` file and reflect it in the OS.

```

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

```

```

# sysctl -p

```

Next, configure the TUNnel interface and NAPT.

```

# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.60.0.0/16 ! -o upfgtp -j MASQUERADE

```



## Build free5GC and srsRAN 5G ZMQ UE / RAN

Please refer to the following for building free5GC and srsRAN 5G ZMQ UE / RAN respectively.

- free5GC v3.4.3 (2024.11.08) - https://free5gc.org/guide/

- go-upf v1.2.3 (2024.11.04) - https://free5gc.org/guide/

- gtp5g v0.9.3 (2024.11.06) - https://free5gc.org/guide/

- srsRAN Project (RAN) (2024.10.14) - https://github.com/s5uishida/build_srsran_5g_zmq

- srsRAN 4G (UE) (2024.02.01) - https://github.com/s5uishida/build_srsran_4g_zmq_disable_rf_plugins

Install MongoDB on free5GC 5GC C-Plane machine.

It is not necessary to install MongoDB on free5GC 5GC U-Plane machines.

[MongoDB Compass](https://www.mongodb.com/products/compass) is a convenient tool to look at the MongoDB database.

**Note. The installation guide also includes instructions on building the latest committed version.**



### Build go-upf

Please refer to the free5GC guide at the above URL for building free5GC UPF. Below show only the differences in the procedure.

```

# git clone https://github.com/free5gc/go-upf.git

# cd go-upf

# CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o upf cmd/main.go

# ls upf

upf

# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/free5gc/free5gc/main/config/upfcfg.yaml

```



## Run free5GC 5GC and srsRAN 5G ZMQ UE / RAN

First run the 5GC, then the RAN, and the UE.



### Run free5GC 5GC C-Plane

First, run free5GC 5GC C-Plane.

- free5GC 5GC C-Plane

Create the following shell script and run it.

```bash

#!/usr/bin/env bash

PID_LIST=()

NF_LIST="nrf amf smf udr pcf udm nssf ausf chf"

export GIN_MODE=release

for NF in ${NF_LIST}; do

    ./bin/${NF} &

    PID_LIST+=($!)

    sleep 1

done

function terminate()

{

    sudo kill -SIGTERM ${PID_LIST[${#PID_LIST[@]}-2]} ${PID_LIST[${#PID_LIST[@]}-1]}

    sleep 2

}

trap terminate SIGINT

wait ${PID_LIST}

```



### Run free5GC 5GC U-Plane

Next, run free5GC 5GC U-Plane.

- free5GC 5GC U-Plane

```

# cd go-upf

# ./upf -c upfcfg.yaml

```



### Run srsRAN 5G ZMQ RAN

Run srsRAN 5G ZMQ RAN and connect to free5GC 5GC.

```

# cd srsRAN_Project/build/apps/gnb

# ./gnb -c gnb_zmq.yaml

--== srsRAN gNB (commit 9d5dd742a) ==--

The PRACH detector will not meet the performance requirements with the configuration {Format 0, ZCZ 0, SCS 1.25kHz, Rx ports 1}.

Lower PHY in executor blocking mode.

Available radio types: zmq.

Cell pci=1, bw=20 MHz, 1T1R, dl_arfcn=368500 (n3), dl_freq=1842.5 MHz, dl_ssb_arfcn=368410, ul_freq=1747.5 MHz

N2: Connection to AMF on 192.168.0.141:38412 completed

==== gNB started ===

Type  to view help

```

The free5GC C-Plane log when executed is as follows.

```

2024-11-08T22:44:10.656039758+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap] [AMF] SCTP Accept from: 192.168.0.121:58446

2024-11-08T22:44:10.656587595+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap] Create a new NG connection for: 192.168.0.121:58446

2024-11-08T22:44:10.657802795+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle NGSetupRequest

2024-11-08T22:44:10.658088002+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Send NG-Setup response

```



### Run srsRAN 5G ZMQ UE

Run srsRAN 5G ZMQ UE and connect to free5GC 5GC.

```

# cd srsRAN_4G/build/srsue

# ./src/srsue ue_zmq.conf

Reading configuration file ue_zmq.conf...

Built in Release mode using commit ec29b0c1f on branch master.

Opening 1 channels in RF device=zmq with args=tx_port=tcp://192.168.0.122:2001,rx_port=tcp://192.168.0.121:2000,base_srate=23.04e6

Supported RF device list: zmq file

CHx base_srate=23.04e6

Current sample rate is 1.92 MHz with a base rate of 23.04 MHz (x12 decimation)

CH0 rx_port=tcp://192.168.0.121:2000

CH0 tx_port=tcp://192.168.0.122:2001

Current sample rate is 23.04 MHz with a base rate of 23.04 MHz (x1 decimation)

Current sample rate is 23.04 MHz with a base rate of 23.04 MHz (x1 decimation)

Waiting PHY to initialize ... done!

Attaching UE...

Random Access Transmission: prach_occasion=0, preamble_index=0, ra-rnti=0x39, tti=174

Random Access Complete.     c-rnti=0x4601, ta=0

RRC Connected

PDU Session Establishment successful. IP: 10.60.0.1

RRC NR reconfiguration successful.

```

The free5GC C-Plane log when executed is as follows.

```

2024-11-08T22:45:31.740066253+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle InitialUEMessage

2024-11-08T22:45:31.740137141+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] New RanUe [RanUeNgapID:0][AmfUeNgapID:1]

2024-11-08T22:45:31.740205109+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] 5GSMobileIdentity ["SUCI":"suci-0-001-01-0000-0-0-0000000000", err: ]

2024-11-08T22:45:31.740750601+09:00 [INFO][AMF][CTX] New AmfUe [supi:][guti:00101cafe0000000001]

2024-11-08T22:45:31.740784006+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm] Handle event[Gmm Message], transition from [Deregistered] to [Deregistered]

2024-11-08T22:45:31.740791865+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:] Handle Registration Request

2024-11-08T22:45:31.740798713+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:] RegistrationType: Initial Registration

2024-11-08T22:45:31.740805436+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:] MobileIdentity5GS: SUCI[suci-0-001-01-0000-0-0-0000000000]

2024-11-08T22:45:31.740815999+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm] Handle event[Start Authentication], transition from [Deregistered] to [Authentication]

2024-11-08T22:45:31.740822039+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:] Authentication procedure

2024-11-08T22:45:31.741768122+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.743584689+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.746007336+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.747119471+09:00 [INFO][NRF][DISC] Handle NFDiscoveryRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.748295464+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nnrf-disc/v1/nf-instances?requester-nf-type=AMF&target-nf-type=AUSF |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.749043527+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.750752341+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.753730889+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.755837712+09:00 [INFO][AUSF][UeAuth] HandleUeAuthPostRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.756078120+09:00 [INFO][AUSF][UeAuth] Serving network authorized

2024-11-08T22:45:31.756995657+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.758272872+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.760677362+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.761664211+09:00 [INFO][NRF][DISC] Handle NFDiscoveryRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.763171605+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nnrf-disc/v1/nf-instances?requester-nf-type=AUSF&service-names=nudm-ueau&target-nf-type=UDM |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.763939895+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.765258272+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.768293935+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.770270478+09:00 [INFO][UDM][UEAU] Handle GenerateAuthDataRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.771288343+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.773175933+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.777733114+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.778649899+09:00 [INFO][UDM][Suci] suciPart: [suci 0 001 01 0000 0 0 0000000000]

2024-11-08T22:45:31.778688726+09:00 [INFO][UDM][Suci] scheme 0

2024-11-08T22:45:31.778700914+09:00 [INFO][UDM][Suci] SUPI type is IMSI

http://127.0.0.10:8000

2024-11-08T22:45:31.778948333+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.780590238+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.782820919+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.783732481+09:00 [INFO][NRF][DISC] Handle NFDiscoveryRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.784852711+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nnrf-disc/v1/nf-instances?requester-nf-type=UDM&target-nf-type=UDR |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.787965448+09:00 [INFO][UDR][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nudr-dr/v1/subscription-data/imsi-001010000000000/authentication-data/authentication-subscription |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.789223115+09:00 [INFO][UDM][UEAU] Nil Op

2024-11-08T22:45:31.792754793+09:00 [INFO][UDR][GIN] | 204 |       127.0.0.1 | PATCH   | /nudr-dr/v1/subscription-data/imsi-001010000000000/authentication-data/authentication-subscription |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.794429601+09:00 [INFO][UDM][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /nudm-ueau/v1/suci-0-001-01-0000-0-0-0000000000/security-information/generate-auth-data |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.794866123+09:00 [INFO][AUSF][UeAuth] Add SuciSupiPair (suci-0-001-01-0000-0-0-0000000000, imsi-001010000000000) to map.

2024-11-08T22:45:31.794937513+09:00 [INFO][AUSF][UeAuth] Use 5G AKA auth method

2024-11-08T22:45:31.794990144+09:00 [INFO][AUSF][5gAka] XresStar = 3961663036646135333363383166663532323439633463323265303037323463

2024-11-08T22:45:31.795193491+09:00 [INFO][AUSF][GIN] | 201 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /nausf-auth/v1/ue-authentications |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.795949787+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:] Send Authentication Request

2024-11-08T22:45:31.796270469+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Send Downlink Nas Transport

2024-11-08T22:45:31.797751445+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:] Start T3560 timer

2024-11-08T22:45:31.826545100+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle UplinkNASTransport

2024-11-08T22:45:31.826830753+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle UplinkNASTransport (RAN UE NGAP ID: 0)

2024-11-08T22:45:31.827032484+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm] Handle event[Gmm Message], transition from [Authentication] to [Authentication]

2024-11-08T22:45:31.827282870+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:] Handle Authentication Response

2024-11-08T22:45:31.827309071+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:] Stop T3560 timer

2024-11-08T22:45:31.828031023+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.829736465+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.832594994+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.834419470+09:00 [INFO][AUSF][5gAka] Auth5gAkaComfirmRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.834441011+09:00 [INFO][AUSF][5gAka] res*: 3961663036646135333363383166663532323439633463323265303037323463

Xres*: 3961663036646135333363383166663532323439633463323265303037323463

2024-11-08T22:45:31.834447380+09:00 [INFO][AUSF][5gAka] 5G AKA confirmation succeeded

2024-11-08T22:45:31.835217031+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.836512901+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.839549497+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.841314989+09:00 [INFO][UDM][UEAU] Handle ConfirmAuthDataRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.842225998+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.843847147+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.846587801+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.849433500+09:00 [INFO][UDR][GIN] | 204 |       127.0.0.1 | PUT     | /nudr-dr/v1/subscription-data/imsi-001010000000000/authentication-data/authentication-status |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.849738947+09:00 [INFO][UDM][GIN] | 201 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /nudm-ueau/v1/imsi-001010000000000/auth-events |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.850262740+09:00 [INFO][AUSF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | PUT     | /nausf-auth/v1/ue-authentications/suci-0-001-01-0000-0-0-0000000000/5g-aka-confirmation |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.850980535+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm] Handle event[Authentication Success], transition from [Authentication] to [SecurityMode]

2024-11-08T22:45:31.851302591+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] Send Security Mode Command

2024-11-08T22:45:31.851473710+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Send Downlink Nas Transport

2024-11-08T22:45:31.852118883+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] Start T3560 timer

2024-11-08T22:45:31.890639935+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle UplinkNASTransport

2024-11-08T22:45:31.890673979+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle UplinkNASTransport (RAN UE NGAP ID: 0)

2024-11-08T22:45:31.890720672+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm] Handle event[Gmm Message], transition from [SecurityMode] to [SecurityMode]

2024-11-08T22:45:31.890728039+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] Handle Security Mode Complete

2024-11-08T22:45:31.890733493+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] Stop T3560 timer

2024-11-08T22:45:31.890755860+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm] Handle event[SecurityMode Success], transition from [SecurityMode] to [ContextSetup]

2024-11-08T22:45:31.890762501+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] Handle InitialRegistration

2024-11-08T22:45:31.891934137+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.893462441+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.895603039+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.896617295+09:00 [INFO][NRF][DISC] Handle NFDiscoveryRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.897993754+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nnrf-disc/v1/nf-instances?requester-nf-type=AMF&supi=imsi-001010000000000&target-nf-type=UDM |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.898797613+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.900502939+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.903914370+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.905539472+09:00 [INFO][UDM][SDM] Handle GetNssai

2024-11-08T22:45:31.906430139+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.907914092+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.910873851+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.912503232+09:00 [INFO][UDR][DataRepo] QueryAmDataProcedure: ueId: imsi-001010000000000, servingPlmnId: 00101

2024-11-08T22:45:31.913314293+09:00 [INFO][UDR][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nudr-dr/v1/subscription-data/imsi-001010000000000/00101/provisioned-data/am-data |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.913846302+09:00 [INFO][UDM][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nudm-sdm/v1/imsi-001010000000000/nssai?plmn-id=%7B%22mcc%22%3A%22001%22%2C%22mnc%22%3A%2201%22%7D |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.914251730+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm] RequestedNssai: &{Iei:47 Len:5 Buffer:[4 1 0 0 1]}

2024-11-08T22:45:31.914309660+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] RequestedNssai - ServingSnssai: &{Sst:1 Sd:000001}, HomeSnssai: 

2024-11-08T22:45:31.915261600+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.917454532+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.920177283+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.922653915+09:00 [INFO][NRF][DISC] Handle NFDiscoveryRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.924043398+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nnrf-disc/v1/nf-instances?requester-nf-type=AMF&supi=imsi-001010000000000&target-nf-type=UDM |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.924855911+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.926374291+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.929332018+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.931360679+09:00 [INFO][UDM][UECM] Handle RegistrationAmf3gppAccess

2024-11-08T22:45:31.931616578+09:00 [INFO][UDM][UECM] UEID: imsi-001010000000000

2024-11-08T22:45:31.932497812+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.933988529+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.936810758+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.939757310+09:00 [INFO][UDR][GIN] | 204 |       127.0.0.1 | PUT     | /nudr-dr/v1/subscription-data/imsi-001010000000000/context-data/amf-3gpp-access |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.940355022+09:00 [INFO][UDM][GIN] | 201 |       127.0.0.1 | PUT     | /nudm-uecm/v1/imsi-001010000000000/registrations/amf-3gpp-access |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.942393805+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.944985172+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.949738433+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.951431154+09:00 [INFO][UDM][SDM] Handle GetAmData

2024-11-08T22:45:31.952453922+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.953751465+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.956348293+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.957934865+09:00 [INFO][UDR][DataRepo] QueryAmDataProcedure: ueId: imsi-001010000000000, servingPlmnId: 00101

2024-11-08T22:45:31.958680998+09:00 [INFO][UDR][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nudr-dr/v1/subscription-data/imsi-001010000000000/00101/provisioned-data/am-data?supported-features=%7B%22mcc%22%3A%22001%22%2C%22mnc%22%3A%2201%22%7D |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.959074227+09:00 [INFO][UDM][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nudm-sdm/v1/imsi-001010000000000/am-data?plmn-id=%7B%22mcc%22%3A%22001%22%2C%22mnc%22%3A%2201%22%7D |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.960687222+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.962135417+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.964760405+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.965969261+09:00 [INFO][UDM][SDM] Handle GetSmfSelectData

2024-11-08T22:45:31.966946219+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.968373076+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.970866998+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.973112734+09:00 [INFO][UDR][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nudr-dr/v1/subscription-data/imsi-001010000000000/00101/provisioned-data/smf-selection-subscription-data |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.973668128+09:00 [INFO][UDM][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nudm-sdm/v1/imsi-001010000000000/smf-select-data?plmn-id=%7B%22mcc%22%3A%22001%22%2C%22mnc%22%3A%2201%22%7D |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.975180598+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.976693180+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.979500506+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.980873731+09:00 [INFO][UDM][SDM] Handle GetUeContextInSmfData

2024-11-08T22:45:31.982007470+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.984062271+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.987512175+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.990683497+09:00 [INFO][UDR][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nudr-dr/v1/subscription-data/imsi-001010000000000/context-data/smf-registrations |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.991400509+09:00 [INFO][UDM][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nudm-sdm/v1/imsi-001010000000000/ue-context-in-smf-data |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.992948844+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:31.994783359+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:31.997826063+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:31.999748942+09:00 [INFO][UDM][SDM] Handle Subscribe

2024-11-08T22:45:32.001723684+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.003800758+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.006529442+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.008386038+09:00 [INFO][UDR][GIN] | 201 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /nudr-dr/v1/subscription-data/imsi-001010000000000/context-data/sdm-subscriptions |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.008920002+09:00 [INFO][UDM][GIN] | 201 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /nudm-sdm/v1/imsi-001010000000000/sdm-subscriptions |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.010083637+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.011968904+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.014176879+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.015184861+09:00 [INFO][NRF][DISC] Handle NFDiscoveryRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.016537140+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nnrf-disc/v1/nf-instances?preferred-locality=area1&requester-nf-type=AMF&supi=imsi-001010000000000&target-nf-type=PCF |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.017391778+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.018907739+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.021916671+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.024680716+09:00 [INFO][PCF][AmPol] Handle AM Policy Create Request

2024-11-08T22:45:32.025736459+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.027337492+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.029529840+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.030555884+09:00 [INFO][NRF][DISC] Handle NFDiscoveryRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.031664326+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nnrf-disc/v1/nf-instances?requester-nf-type=PCF&target-nf-type=UDR |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.032494346+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.033878389+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.036621066+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.038936414+09:00 [INFO][UDR][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nudr-dr/v1/policy-data/ues/imsi-001010000000000/am-data |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.040230356+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.041936297+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.044082638+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.045030430+09:00 [INFO][NRF][DISC] Handle NFDiscoveryRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.046483936+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nnrf-disc/v1/nf-instances?guami=%7B%22plmnId%22%3A%7B%22mcc%22%3A%22001%22%2C%22mnc%22%3A%2201%22%7D%2C%22amfId%22%3A%22cafe00%22%7D&requester-nf-type=PCF&target-nf-type=AMF |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.047149086+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.048777762+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.053064126+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.056493055+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Comm] Handle AMF Status Change Subscribe Request

2024-11-08T22:45:32.056748150+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Comm] new AMF Status Subscription[1]

2024-11-08T22:45:32.056925696+09:00 [INFO][AMF][GIN] | 201 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /namf-comm/v1/subscriptions |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.057566869+09:00 [INFO][PCF][GIN] | 201 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /npcf-am-policy-control/v1/policies |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.058121610+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] Send Registration Accept

2024-11-08T22:45:32.058289325+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Send Initial Context Setup Request

2024-11-08T22:45:32.059671203+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] Start T3550 timer

2024-11-08T22:45:32.105647039+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle InitialContextSetupResponse

2024-11-08T22:45:32.105679089+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle InitialContextSetupResponse (RAN UE NGAP ID: 0)

2024-11-08T22:45:32.307385093+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle UERadioCapabilityInfoIndication

2024-11-08T22:45:32.307423983+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle UERadioCapabilityInfoIndication (RAN UE NGAP ID: 0)

2024-11-08T22:45:32.308465691+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle UplinkNASTransport

2024-11-08T22:45:32.310277217+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle UplinkNASTransport (RAN UE NGAP ID: 0)

2024-11-08T22:45:32.310464464+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm] Handle event[Gmm Message], transition from [ContextSetup] to [ContextSetup]

2024-11-08T22:45:32.310756032+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] Handle Registration Complete

2024-11-08T22:45:32.310885955+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] Stop T3550 timer

2024-11-08T22:45:32.311029489+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] Send Configuration Update Command

2024-11-08T22:45:32.311168784+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Send Downlink Nas Transport

2024-11-08T22:45:32.311806312+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm] Handle event[ContextSetup Success], transition from [ContextSetup] to [Registered]

2024-11-08T22:45:32.312549633+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle UplinkNASTransport

2024-11-08T22:45:32.312707491+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle UplinkNASTransport (RAN UE NGAP ID: 0)

2024-11-08T22:45:32.312887850+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm] Handle event[Gmm Message], transition from [Registered] to [Registered]

2024-11-08T22:45:32.312988234+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] Handle UL NAS Transport

2024-11-08T22:45:32.313165958+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] Transport 5GSM Message to SMF

2024-11-08T22:45:32.313285834+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] Select SMF [snssai: {Sst:1 Sd:000001}, dnn: internet]

2024-11-08T22:45:32.314251397+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.315866710+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.318057600+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.319012599+09:00 [INFO][NRF][DISC] Handle NFDiscoveryRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.320081498+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nnrf-disc/v1/nf-instances?requester-nf-type=AMF&target-nf-type=NSSF |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.320779719+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.322144678+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.325023353+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.326665121+09:00 [INFO][NSSF][NsSel] Handle NSSelectionGet

2024-11-08T22:45:32.326847612+09:00 [WARN][NSSF][Util] No TA {"plmnId":{"mcc":"001","mnc":"01"},"tac":"000001"} in NSSF configuration

2024-11-08T22:45:32.327032980+09:00 [INFO][NSSF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nnssf-nsselection/v1/network-slice-information?nf-id=dd34f10f-665b-4ba6-be85-1058a9b47d8c&nf-type=AMF&slice-info-request-for-pdu-session=%7B%22sNssai%22%3A%7B%22sst%22%3A1%2C%22sd%22%3A%22000001%22%7D%2C%22roamingIndication%22%3A%22NON_ROAMING%22%7D&tai=%7B%22plmnId%22%3A%7B%22mcc%22%3A%22001%22%2C%22mnc%22%3A%2201%22%7D%2C%22tac%22%3A%22000001%22%7D |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.327630283+09:00 [WARN][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] nsiInformation is still nil, use default NRF[http://127.0.0.10:8000]

2024-11-08T22:45:32.328426987+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.330000816+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.332129092+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.333118442+09:00 [INFO][NRF][DISC] Handle NFDiscoveryRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.334581192+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nnrf-disc/v1/nf-instances?dnn=internet&preferred-locality=area1&requester-nf-type=AMF&service-names=nsmf-pdusession&snssais=%7B%22sst%22%3A1%2C%22sd%22%3A%22000001%22%7D&target-nf-type=SMF&target-plmn-list=%7B%22mcc%22%3A%22001%22%2C%22mnc%22%3A%2201%22%7D |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.335269378+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.336565309+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.339456252+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.341365836+09:00 [INFO][SMF][PduSess] Receive Create SM Context Request

2024-11-08T22:45:32.342229509+09:00 [INFO][SMF][PduSess] In HandlePDUSessionSMContextCreate

2024-11-08T22:45:32.342431578+09:00 [INFO][SMF][CTX] UrrPeriod: 30s

2024-11-08T22:45:32.342536635+09:00 [INFO][SMF][CTX] UrrThreshold: 500000

2024-11-08T22:45:32.343452812+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.344743157+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.346875702+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.347790769+09:00 [INFO][NRF][DISC] Handle NFDiscoveryRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.349199034+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nnrf-disc/v1/nf-instances?requester-nf-type=SMF&target-nf-type=UDM |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.349823153+09:00 [INFO][SMF][PduSess][pdu_session_id:1][supi:imsi-001010000000000] Send NF Discovery Serving UDM Successfully

2024-11-08T22:45:32.350137099+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.351506236+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.354490128+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.356057670+09:00 [INFO][UDM][SDM] Handle GetSmData

2024-11-08T22:45:32.357071816+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.358466944+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.361206014+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.361722776+09:00 [INFO][UDM][SDM] getSmDataProcedure: SUPI[imsi-001010000000000] PLMNID[00101] DNN[internet] SNssai[{"sst":1,"sd":"000001"}]

2024-11-08T22:45:32.363938975+09:00 [INFO][UDR][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nudr-dr/v1/subscription-data/imsi-001010000000000/00101/provisioned-data/sm-data?single-nssai=%7B%22sst%22%3A1%2C%22sd%22%3A%22000001%22%7D |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.364584869+09:00 [INFO][UDM][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nudm-sdm/v1/imsi-001010000000000/sm-data?dnn=internet&plmn-id=%7B%22mcc%22%3A%22001%22%2C%22mnc%22%3A%2201%22%7D&single-nssai=%7B%22sst%22%3A1%2C%22sd%22%3A%22000001%22%7D |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.365190562+09:00 [INFO][SMF][GSM] In HandlePDUSessionEstablishmentRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.366111999+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.367748349+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.369854750+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.370817053+09:00 [INFO][NRF][DISC] Handle NFDiscoveryRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.372295273+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nnrf-disc/v1/nf-instances?requester-nf-type=SMF&target-nf-instance-id=dd34f10f-665b-4ba6-be85-1058a9b47d8c&target-nf-type=AMF |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.372851422+09:00 [INFO][SMF][Consumer] SendNFDiscoveryServingAMF ok

2024-11-08T22:45:32.373287704+09:00 [INFO][SMF][CTX] Allocated UE IP address: 10.60.0.1

2024-11-08T22:45:32.373328028+09:00 [INFO][SMF][CTX] Selected UPF: UPF

2024-11-08T22:45:32.373385814+09:00 [INFO][SMF][PduSess][pdu_session_id:1][supi:imsi-001010000000000] Allocated PDUAdress[10.60.0.1]

2024-11-08T22:45:32.373749706+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.375062229+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.377190164+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.378657963+09:00 [INFO][NRF][DISC] Handle NFDiscoveryRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.379973420+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nnrf-disc/v1/nf-instances?preferred-locality=area1&requester-nf-type=SMF&target-nf-type=PCF |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.382319358+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.384297966+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.388321435+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.390270968+09:00 [INFO][PCF][SMpolicy] Handle CreateSmPolicy

2024-11-08T22:45:32.391235748+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.392859680+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.395718805+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.398565646+09:00 [INFO][UDR][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nudr-dr/v1/policy-data/ues/imsi-001010000000000/sm-data?dnn=internet&snssai=%7B%22sst%22%3A1%2C%22sd%22%3A%22000001%22%7D |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.402792868+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.404736519+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.409806528+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.412132231+09:00 [INFO][UDR][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nudr-dr/v1/application-data/influenceData?dnns=internet&internal-Group-Ids=&snssais=%7B%22sst%22%3A1%2C%22sd%22%3A%22000001%22%7D&supis=imsi-001010000000000 |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.412535222+09:00 [INFO][PCF][SMpolicy] Matched [0] trafficInfluDatas from UDR

2024-11-08T22:45:32.413569761+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.415053370+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.417840852+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.419706639+09:00 [INFO][UDR][GIN] | 201 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /nudr-dr/v1/application-data/influenceData/subs-to-notify |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.420721701+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.422288503+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.424501152+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.425464550+09:00 [INFO][NRF][DISC] Handle NFDiscoveryRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.426206011+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nnrf-disc/v1/nf-instances?requester-nf-type=PCF&target-nf-type=BSF |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.427202368+09:00 [INFO][PCF][GIN] | 201 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /npcf-smpolicycontrol/v1/sm-policies |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.428237794+09:00 [INFO][SMF][PduSess] CHF Selection for SMContext SUPI[imsi-001010000000000] PDUSessionID[1]

2024-11-08T22:45:32.429193619+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.430619373+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.432789748+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.433696880+09:00 [INFO][NRF][DISC] Handle NFDiscoveryRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.434698552+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | GET     | /nnrf-disc/v1/nf-instances?requester-nf-type=SMF&target-nf-type=CHF |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.435121187+09:00 [INFO][SMF][Charging] Handle SendConvergedChargingRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.435448188+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.436690551+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.439416066+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.443962759+09:00 [INFO][CHF][ChargingPost] HandleChargingdataInitial

2024-11-08T22:45:32.444274118+09:00 [INFO][CHF][ChargingPost] SMF charging event

2024-11-08T22:45:32.444575316+09:00 [ERRO][CHF][ChargingPost] Charging gateway fail to send CDR to billing domain dial tcp 127.0.0.1:2121: connect: connection refused

2024-11-08T22:45:32.444620173+09:00 [INFO][CHF][ChargingPost] Open CDR for UE imsi-001010000000000

2024-11-08T22:45:32.444724907+09:00 [INFO][CHF][ChargingPost] NewChfUe imsi-001010000000000

2024-11-08T22:45:32.445003785+09:00 [INFO][CHF][GIN] | 201 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /nchf-convergedcharging/v3/chargingdata |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.445712212+09:00 [INFO][SMF][Charging] Send Charging Data Request[Init] successfully

2024-11-08T22:45:32.445989074+09:00 [INFO][SMF][PduSess][pdu_session_id:1][supi:imsi-001010000000000] Install PCCRule[PccRuleId-1]

2024-11-08T22:45:32.446146583+09:00 [INFO][SMF][PduSess][pdu_session_id:1][supi:imsi-001010000000000] No srcTcData and tgtTcData. Nothing to do

2024-11-08T22:45:32.446284358+09:00 [INFO][SMF][PduSess][pdu_session_id:1][supi:imsi-001010000000000] Has no pre-config route. Has default path

2024-11-08T22:45:32.446866610+09:00 [INFO][SMF][PduSess] Sending PFCP Session Establishment Request

2024-11-08T22:45:32.447954938+09:00 [INFO][UDM][SDM] Handle Subscribe

2024-11-08T22:45:32.448979314+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.450328160+09:00 [INFO][SMF][PduSess] Received PFCP Session Establishment Accepted Response

2024-11-08T22:45:32.451375088+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.455262199+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.455878623+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.457330399+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.460343505+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.463517414+09:00 [INFO][UDR][GIN] | 201 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /nudr-dr/v1/subscription-data/imsi-001010000000000/context-data/sdm-subscriptions |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.464741025+09:00 [INFO][UDM][GIN] | 201 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /nudm-sdm/v1/imsi-001010000000000/sdm-subscriptions |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.465743992+09:00 [INFO][SMF][PduSess] SDM Subscription Successful UE: imsi-001010000000000 SubscriptionId: 2

2024-11-08T22:45:32.465832616+09:00 [INFO][SMF][GIN] | 201 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /nsmf-pdusession/v1/sm-contexts |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.466624445+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Producer] Handle N1N2 Message Transfer Request

2024-11-08T22:45:32.467003654+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] create smContext[pduSessionID: 1] Success

2024-11-08T22:45:32.467825868+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle UplinkNASTransport

2024-11-08T22:45:32.467921242+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle UplinkNASTransport (RAN UE NGAP ID: 0)

2024-11-08T22:45:32.468015580+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm] Handle event[Gmm Message], transition from [Registered] to [Registered]

2024-11-08T22:45:32.468115435+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Gmm][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][supi:SUPI:imsi-001010000000000] Handle Configuration Update Complete

2024-11-08T22:45:32.468387650+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Send PDU Session Resource Setup Request

2024-11-08T22:45:32.469029581+09:00 [INFO][AMF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /namf-comm/v1/ue-contexts/imsi-001010000000000/n1-n2-messages |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.524633500+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle PDUSessionResourceSetupResponse

2024-11-08T22:45:32.524671025+09:00 [INFO][AMF][Ngap][amf_ue_ngap_id:RU:0,AU:1(3GPP)][ran_addr:192.168.0.121:58446] Handle PDUSessionResourceSetupResponse (RAN UE NGAP ID: 0)

2024-11-08T22:45:32.525509903+09:00 [INFO][NRF][Token] In HTTPAccessTokenRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.527322511+09:00 [WARN][NRF][Token] Certificate verify: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "x509: invalid signature: parent certificate cannot sign this kind of certificate" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "free5gc")

2024-11-08T22:45:32.530291987+09:00 [INFO][NRF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /oauth2/token |

2024-11-08T22:45:32.532179500+09:00 [INFO][SMF][PduSess] Receive Update SM Context Request

2024-11-08T22:45:32.534314081+09:00 [INFO][SMF][PduSess] Received PFCP Session Modification Accepted Response from AN UPF

2024-11-08T22:45:32.534600549+09:00 [INFO][SMF][GIN] | 200 |       127.0.0.1 | POST    | /nsmf-pdusession/v1/sm-contexts/urn:uuid:20781831-1403-474f-bfc2-012257b4a96c/modify |

```

The free5GC U-Plane log when executed is as follows.

```

2024-11-08T22:45:32.476627641+09:00 [INFO][UPF][PFCP][LAddr:192.168.0.142:8805] handleSessionEstablishmentRequest

2024-11-08T22:45:32.476669979+09:00 [INFO][UPF][PFCP][LAddr:192.168.0.142:8805][CPNodeID:192.168.0.141][CPSEID:0x1][UPSEID:0x1] New session

2024-11-08T22:45:32.477854100+09:00 [INFO][UPF][Perio] recv event[TYPE_PERIO_ADD][{eType:1 lSeid:1 urrid:1 period:30000000000}]

2024-11-08T22:45:32.478072833+09:00 [INFO][UPF][Perio] new ticker [30s]

2024-11-08T22:45:32.478222636+09:00 [INFO][UPF][Perio] recv event[TYPE_PERIO_ADD][{eType:1 lSeid:1 urrid:2 period:30000000000}]

2024-11-08T22:45:32.562532907+09:00 [INFO][UPF][PFCP][LAddr:192.168.0.142:8805] handleSessionModificationRequest

```

The result of `ip addr show` on VM4 (UE) is as follows.

```

# ip addr show

...

9: tun_srsue:  mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN group default qlen 500

    link/none 

    inet 10.60.0.1/24 scope global tun_srsue

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

...

```



## Ping google.com

Specify the TUN interface on VM4 (UE) and try `ping`.



### Case for going through DN 10.60.0.0/16

Execute `tcpdump` on VM2 (U-Plane) and check that the packet goes through `if=upfgtp`.

- `ping google.com` on VM4 (UE)

```

# ping google.com -I tun_srsue -n

PING google.com (172.217.175.110) from 10.60.0.1 tun_srsue: 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 172.217.175.110: icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 time=56.0 ms

64 bytes from 172.217.175.110: icmp_seq=2 ttl=52 time=57.9 ms

64 bytes from 172.217.175.110: icmp_seq=3 ttl=52 time=46.1 ms

```

- Run `tcpdump` on VM2 (U-Plane)

```

# tcpdump -i upfgtp -n

tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v[v]... for full protocol decode

listening on upfgtp, link-type RAW (Raw IP), snapshot length 262144 bytes

22:49:55.694888 IP 10.60.0.1 > 172.217.175.110: ICMP echo request, id 8, seq 1, length 64

22:49:55.712350 IP 172.217.175.110 > 10.60.0.1: ICMP echo reply, id 8, seq 1, length 64

22:49:56.698915 IP 10.60.0.1 > 172.217.175.110: ICMP echo request, id 8, seq 2, length 64

22:49:56.715415 IP 172.217.175.110 > 10.60.0.1: ICMP echo reply, id 8, seq 2, length 64

22:49:57.688360 IP 10.60.0.1 > 172.217.175.110: ICMP echo request, id 8, seq 3, length 64

22:49:57.704976 IP 172.217.175.110 > 10.60.0.1: ICMP echo reply, id 8, seq 3, length 64

```

In addition to `ping`, you may try to access the web by specifying the TUNnel interface with `curl` as follows.

- `curl google.com` on VM4 (UE)

```

# curl --interface tun_srsue google.com

301 Moved

301 Moved

The document has moved

here.

```

- Run `tcpdump` on VM2 (U-Plane)

```

22:52:06.267644 IP 10.60.0.1.52216 > 142.250.207.46.80: Flags [S], seq 999366410, win 64240, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 473431397 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0

22:52:06.284308 IP 142.250.207.46.80 > 10.60.0.1.52216: Flags [S.], seq 3710726298, ack 999366411, win 65535, options [mss 1412,sackOK,TS val 3366515743 ecr 473431397,nop,wscale 8], length 0

22:52:06.310788 IP 10.60.0.1.52216 > 142.250.207.46.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 502, options [nop,nop,TS val 473431454 ecr 3366515743], length 0

22:52:06.310788 IP 10.60.0.1.52216 > 142.250.207.46.80: Flags [P.], seq 1:75, ack 1, win 502, options [nop,nop,TS val 473431454 ecr 3366515743], length 74: HTTP: GET / HTTP/1.1

22:52:06.330513 IP 142.250.207.46.80 > 10.60.0.1.52216: Flags [.], ack 75, win 1050, options [nop,nop,TS val 3366515789 ecr 473431454], length 0

22:52:06.368268 IP 142.250.207.46.80 > 10.60.0.1.52216: Flags [P.], seq 1:774, ack 75, win 1050, options [nop,nop,TS val 3366515827 ecr 473431454], length 773: HTTP: HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently

22:52:06.397030 IP 10.60.0.1.52216 > 142.250.207.46.80: Flags [.], ack 774, win 501, options [nop,nop,TS val 473431538 ecr 3366515827], length 0

22:52:06.397030 IP 10.60.0.1.52216 > 142.250.207.46.80: Flags [F.], seq 75, ack 774, win 501, options [nop,nop,TS val 473431539 ecr 3366515827], length 0

22:52:06.413751 IP 142.250.207.46.80 > 10.60.0.1.52216: Flags [F.], seq 774, ack 76, win 1050, options [nop,nop,TS val 3366515872 ecr 473431539], length 0

22:52:06.426841 IP 10.60.0.1.52216 > 142.250.207.46.80: Flags [.], ack 775, win 501, options [nop,nop,TS val 473431583 ecr 3366515872], length 0

```

You could now create the end-to-end TUN interface on the DN and send any packets on the network.

---

In investigating 5G SA, I have built a simulation environment and can now use a very useful system for investigating 5GC and MEC of 5G SA mobile network. I would like to thank the excellent developers and all the contributors of free5GC, srsRAN Project and srsRAN 4G.



## Changelog (summary)

- [2024.11.08] Updated to free5GC v3.4.3 (2024.11.08), and `gnb_zmq.yaml` according to srsRAN_Project 24.10 (2024.10.14).

- [2024.03.31] Updated to free5GC v3.4.1 (2024.03.28).

- [2023.11.02] Updated `gnb_zmq.yaml`.

- [2023.10.21] Updated `gnb_zmq.yaml` according to srsRAN_Project 23.10 (2023.10.20).

- [2023.10.12] Updated free5GC v3.3.0 (2023.10.11).

- [2023.10.11] Updated srsRAN_Project (2023.09.20).

- [2023.08.26] Initial release.