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https://github.com/saisilinus/node-express-mongoose-typescript-boilerplate

A boilerplate for making production-ready RESTful APIs using Node.js, TypeScript, Express, and Mongoose
https://github.com/saisilinus/node-express-mongoose-typescript-boilerplate

boilerplate express express-boilerplate hot-reload mongodb mongoose node-boilerplate nodejs rest-api template typescript typescript-express-boilerplate

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A boilerplate for making production-ready RESTful APIs using Node.js, TypeScript, Express, and Mongoose

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README 

        
# RESTful API Node Typescript Server Boilerplate



[![Node.js CI](https://github.com/saisilinus/node-express-mongoose-typescript-boilerplate/actions/workflows/node.js.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/saisilinus/node-express-mongoose-typescript-boilerplate/actions/workflows/node.js.yml)

[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/saisilinus/node-express-mongoose-typescript-boilerplate/branch/master/graph/badge.svg?token=UYJAL9KTMD)](https://codecov.io/gh/saisilinus/node-express-mongoose-typescript-boilerplate)



By running a single command, you will get a production-ready Node.js TypeScript app installed and fully configured on your machine. The app comes with many built-in features, such as authentication using JWT, request validation, unit and integration tests, continuous integration, docker support, API documentation, pagination, etc. For more details, check the features list below.



## Not Compatible with Node.js v19



Node.js has deprecated the `--es-module-specifier-resolution=node` flag, used in this app, in the release of [Node.js v19](https://nodejs.org/en/blog/announcements/v19-release-announce/#custom-esm-resolution-adjustments) in favor of [custom loaders](https://github.com/nodejs/loaders-test/tree/main/commonjs-extension-resolution-loader). You can check out the PR [here](https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/44859).



As a result, this app is not compatible with Node.js >=19. You can add support to your app using this [loader](https://github.com/nodejs/loaders-test/tree/main/commonjs-extension-resolution-loader)



## Quick Start



To create a project, simply run:



```bash

npx create-nodejs-ts-app 

```



Or



```bash

npm init nodejs-ts-app 

```



## Manual Installation



Clone the repo:



```bash

git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/saisilinus/node-express-mongoose-typescript-boilerplate.git

cd node-express-mongoose-typescript-boilerplate

```



Install the dependencies:



```bash

yarn install

```



Set the environment variables:



```bash

cp .env.example .env



# open .env and modify the environment variables (if needed)

```



## Table of Contents



- [Features](#features)

- [Commands](#commands)

- [Making Changes](#making-changes)

- [Environment Variables](#environment-variables)

- [Project Structure](#project-structure)

- [API Documentation](#api-documentation)

- [Error Handling](#error-handling)

- [Validation](#validation)

- [Authentication](#authentication)

- [Authorization](#authorization)

- [Logging](#logging)

- [Custom Mongoose Plugins](#custom-mongoose-plugins)

  - [To JSON Plugin](#tojson)

  - [Paginate Plugin](#paginate)

- [Linting](#linting)

- [Contributing](#contributing)

- [Inspirations](#inspirations)

- [License](#license)



## Features



- **ES9**: latest ECMAScript features

- **Static Typing**: [TypeScript](https://www.typescriptlang.org/) static typing using typescript

- **Hot Reloading**: [Concurrently](https://github.com/open-cli-tools/concurrently) Hot realoding with concurrently

- **NoSQL database**: [MongoDB](https://www.mongodb.com) object data modeling using [Mongoose](https://mongoosejs.com)

- **Authentication and authorization**: using [passport](http://www.passportjs.org)

- **Validation**: request data validation using [Joi](https://github.com/hapijs/joi)

- **Logging**: using [winston](https://github.com/winstonjs/winston) and [morgan](https://github.com/expressjs/morgan)

- **Testing**: unit and integration tests using [Jest](https://jestjs.io)

- **Error handling**: centralized error handling mechanism

- **API documentation**: with [swagger-jsdoc](https://github.com/Surnet/swagger-jsdoc) and [swagger-ui-express](https://github.com/scottie1984/swagger-ui-express)

- **Process management**: advanced production process management using [PM2](https://pm2.keymetrics.io)

- **Dependency management**: with [Yarn](https://yarnpkg.com)

- **Environment variables**: using [dotenv](https://github.com/motdotla/dotenv) and [cross-env](https://github.com/kentcdodds/cross-env#readme)

- **Security**: set security HTTP headers using [helmet](https://helmetjs.github.io)

- **Santizing**: sanitize request data against xss and query injection

- **CORS**: Cross-Origin Resource-Sharing enabled using [cors](https://github.com/expressjs/cors)

- **Compression**: gzip compression with [compression](https://github.com/expressjs/compression)

- **CI**: continuous integration with [GitHub CI](https://travis-ci.org)

- **Docker support**

- **Code coverage**: using [codecov](https://about.codecov.io/)

- **Code quality**: with [Codacy](https://www.codacy.com)

- **Git hooks**: with [husky](https://github.com/typicode/husky) and [lint-staged](https://github.com/okonet/lint-staged)

- **Linting**: with [ESLint](https://eslint.org) and [Prettier](https://prettier.io)

- **Editor config**: consistent editor configuration using [EditorConfig](https://editorconfig.org)

- **Changelog Generation**: with [Standard Version](https://github.com/conventional-changelog/standard-version)

- **Structured Commit Messages**: with [Commitizen](https://github.com/commitizen/cz-cli)

- **Commit Linting**: with [CommitLint](https://github.com/conventional-changelog/commitlint)



## Commands



Running locally:



```bash

yarn dev

```



Running in production:



```bash

yarn start

```



Compiling to JS from TS



```bash

yarn compile

```



Compiling to JS from TS in watch mode



```bash

yarn compile:watch

```



Commiting changes



```bash

yarn commit

```



Testing:



```bash

# run all tests

yarn test



# run TypeScript tests

yarn test:ts



# run JS tests

yarn test:js



# run all tests in watch mode

yarn test:watch



# run test coverage

yarn coverage

```



Docker:



```bash

# run docker container in development mode

yarn docker:dev



# run docker container in production mode

yarn docker:prod



# run all tests in a docker container

yarn docker:test

```



Linting:



```bash

# run ESLint

yarn lint



# fix ESLint errors

yarn lint:fix



# run prettier

yarn prettier



# fix prettier errors

yarn prettier:fix

```



## Making Changes



Run `yarn dev` so you can compile Typescript(.ts) files in watch mode



```bash

yarn dev

```



Add your changes to TypeScript(.ts) files which are in the src folder. The files will be automatically compiled to JS if you are in watch mode.



Add tests for the new feature



Run `yarn test:ts` to make sure all Typescript tests pass.



```bash

yarn test:ts

```



## Environment Variables



The environment variables can be found and modified in the `.env` file. They come with these default values:



```bash

# Port number

PORT=3000



# URL of the Mongo DB

MONGODB_URL=mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/Park254_Backend



# JWT

# JWT secret key

JWT_SECRET=thisisasamplesecret

# Number of minutes after which an access token expires

JWT_ACCESS_EXPIRATION_MINUTES=30

# Number of days after which a refresh token expires

JWT_REFRESH_EXPIRATION_DAYS=30



# SMTP configuration options for the email service

# For testing, you can use a fake SMTP service like Ethereal: https://ethereal.email/create

SMTP_HOST=email-server

SMTP_PORT=587

SMTP_USERNAME=email-server-username

SMTP_PASSWORD=email-server-password

[email protected]



# URL of client application

CLIENT_URL=http://localhost:5000

```



## Project Structure



```

.

├── src                             # Source files

│   ├── app.ts                        # Express App

│   ├── config                        # Environment variables and other configurations

│   ├── custom.d.ts                   # File for extending types from node modules

│   ├── declaration.d.ts              # File for declaring modules without types

│   ├── index.ts                      # App entry file

│   ├── modules                       # Modules such as models, controllers, services 

│   └── routes                        # Routes

├── TODO.md                         # TODO List

├── package.json

└── README.md

```



## API Documentation



To view the list of available APIs and their specifications, run the server and go to `http://localhost:3000/v1/docs` in your browser. This documentation page is automatically generated using the [swagger](https://swagger.io/) definitions written as comments in the route files.



### API Endpoints



List of available routes:



**Auth routes**:\

`POST /v1/auth/register` - register\

`POST /v1/auth/login` - login\

`POST /v1/auth/refresh-tokens` - refresh auth tokens\

`POST /v1/auth/forgot-password` - send reset password email\

`POST /v1/auth/reset-password` - reset password



**User routes**:\

`POST /v1/users` - create a user\

`GET /v1/users` - get all users\

`GET /v1/users/:userId` - get user\

`PATCH /v1/users/:userId` - update user\

`DELETE /v1/users/:userId` - delete user



## Error Handling



The app has a centralized error handling mechanism.



Controllers should try to catch the errors and forward them to the error handling middleware (by calling `next(error)`). For convenience, you can also wrap the controller inside the catchAsync utility wrapper, which forwards the error.



```javascript

const catchAsync = require('../utils/catchAsync');



const controller = catchAsync(async (req, res) => {

  // this error will be forwarded to the error handling middleware

  throw new Error('Something wrong happened');

});

```



The error handling middleware sends an error response, which has the following format:



```json

{

  "code": 404,

  "message": "Not found"

}

```



When running in development mode, the error response also contains the error stack.



The app has a utility ApiError class to which you can attach a response code and a message, and then throw it from anywhere (catchAsync will catch it).



For example, if you are trying to get a user from the DB who is not found, and you want to send a 404 error, the code should look something like:



```javascript

const httpStatus = require('http-status');

const ApiError = require('../utils/ApiError');

const User = require('../models/User');



const getUser = async (userId) => {

  const user = await User.findById(userId);

  if (!user) {

    throw new ApiError(httpStatus.NOT_FOUND, 'User not found');

  }

};

```



## Validation



Request data is validated using [Joi](https://joi.dev/). Check the [documentation](https://joi.dev/api/) for more details on how to write Joi validation schemas.



The validation schemas are defined in the `src/validations` directory and are used in the routes by providing them as parameters to the `validate` middleware.



```javascript

const express = require('express');

const validate = require('../../middlewares/validate');

const userValidation = require('../../validations/user.validation');

const userController = require('../../controllers/user.controller');



const router = express.Router();



router.post('/users', validate(userValidation.createUser), userController.createUser);

```



## Authentication



To require authentication for certain routes, you can use the `auth` middleware.



```javascript

const express = require('express');

const auth = require('../../middlewares/auth');

const userController = require('../../controllers/user.controller');



const router = express.Router();



router.post('/users', auth(), userController.createUser);

```



These routes require a valid JWT access token in the Authorization request header using the Bearer schema. If the request does not contain a valid access token, an Unauthorized (401) error is thrown.



**Generating Access Tokens**:



An access token can be generated by making a successful call to the register (`POST /v1/auth/register`) or login (`POST /v1/auth/login`) endpoints. The response of these endpoints also contains refresh tokens (explained below).



An access token is valid for 30 minutes. You can modify this expiration time by changing the `JWT_ACCESS_EXPIRATION_MINUTES` environment variable in the .env file.



**Refreshing Access Tokens**:



After the access token expires, a new access token can be generated, by making a call to the refresh token endpoint (`POST /v1/auth/refresh-tokens`) and sending along a valid refresh token in the request body. This call returns a new access token and a new refresh token.



A refresh token is valid for 30 days. You can modify this expiration time by changing the `JWT_REFRESH_EXPIRATION_DAYS` environment variable in the .env file.



## Authorization



The `auth` middleware can also be used to require certain rights/permissions to access a route.



```javascript

const express = require('express');

const auth = require('../../middlewares/auth');

const userController = require('../../controllers/user.controller');



const router = express.Router();



router.post('/users', auth('manageUsers'), userController.createUser);

```



In the example above, an authenticated user can access this route only if that user has the `manageUsers` permission.



The permissions are role-based. You can view the permissions/rights of each role in the `src/config/roles.js` file.



If the user making the request does not have the required permissions to access this route, a Forbidden (403) error is thrown.



## Logging



Import the logger from `src/config/logger.js`. It is using the [Winston](https://github.com/winstonjs/winston) logging library.



Logging should be done according to the following severity levels (ascending order from most important to least important):



```javascript

const logger = require('/config/logger');



logger.error('message'); // level 0

logger.warn('message'); // level 1

logger.info('message'); // level 2

logger.http('message'); // level 3

logger.verbose('message'); // level 4

logger.debug('message'); // level 5

```



In development mode, log messages of all severity levels will be printed to the console.



In production mode, only `info`, `warn`, and `error` logs will be printed to the console.\

It is up to the server (or process manager) to actually read them from the console and store them in log files.\

This app uses pm2 in production mode, which is already configured to store the logs in log files.



Note: API request information (request url, response code, timestamp, etc.) are also automatically logged (using [morgan](https://github.com/expressjs/morgan)).



## Custom Mongoose Plugins



The app also contains 2 custom mongoose plugins that you can attach to any mongoose model schema. You can find the plugins in `src/models/plugins`.



```javascript

const mongoose = require('mongoose');

const { toJSON, paginate } = require('./plugins');



const userSchema = mongoose.Schema(

  {

    /* schema definition here */

  },

  { timestamps: true }

);



userSchema.plugin(toJSON);

userSchema.plugin(paginate);



const User = mongoose.model('User', userSchema);

```



### toJSON



The toJSON plugin applies the following changes in the toJSON transform call:



- removes \_\_v, createdAt, updatedAt, and any schema path that has private: true

- replaces \_id with id



### paginate



The paginate plugin adds the `paginate` static method to the mongoose schema.



Adding this plugin to the `User` model schema will allow you to do the following:



```javascript

const queryUsers = async (filter, options) => {

  const users = await User.paginate(filter, options);

  return users;

};

```



The `filter` param is a regular mongo filter.



The `options` param can have the following (optional) fields:



```javascript

const options = {

  sortBy: 'name:desc', // sort order

  limit: 5, // maximum results per page

  page: 2, // page number

  projectBy: 'name:hide, role:hide', // fields to hide or include in the results

};

```



The `projectBy` option can include multiple criteria (separated by a comma) but cannot include and exclude fields at the same time. Check out the following examples:



  - [x] `name:hide, role:hide` should work

  - [x] `name:include, role:include` should work

  - [ ] `name:include, role:hide` will not work



The plugin also supports sorting by multiple criteria (separated by a comma): `sortBy: name:desc,role:asc`



The `paginate` method returns a Promise, which fulfills with an object having the following properties:



```json

{

  "results": [],

  "page": 2,

  "limit": 5,

  "totalPages": 10,

  "totalResults": 48

}

```



## Linting



Linting is done using [ESLint](https://eslint.org/) and [Prettier](https://prettier.io).



In this app, ESLint is configured to follow the [Airbnb JavaScript style guide](https://github.com/airbnb/javascript/tree/master/packages/eslint-config-airbnb-base) with some modifications. It also extends [eslint-config-prettier](https://github.com/prettier/eslint-config-prettier) to turn off all rules that are unnecessary or might conflict with Prettier.



To modify the ESLint configuration, update the `.eslintrc.json` file. To modify the Prettier configuration, update the `.prettierrc.json` file.



To prevent a certain file or directory from being linted, add it to `.eslintignore` and `.prettierignore`.



To maintain a consistent coding style across different IDEs, the project contains `.editorconfig`



## Contributing



Contributions are more than welcome! Please check out the [contributing guide](CONTRIBUTING.md).



## Inspirations



- [hagopj13/node-express-boilerplate](https://github.com/hagopj13/node-express-boilerplate.git)



## License



[MIT](LICENSE)