https://github.com/sarwanshah/hu_2020_analog-multimeter-design

Developed an analog multi-meter using the principles of instrumentation and electromagnetism.
https://github.com/sarwanshah/hu_2020_analog-multimeter-design

Last synced: 8 months ago
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Developed an analog multi-meter using the principles of instrumentation and electromagnetism.

• Host: GitHub
• URL: https://github.com/sarwanshah/hu_2020_analog-multimeter-design
• Owner: SarwanShah
• License: mit
• Created: 2025-02-08T20:46:12.000Z (8 months ago)
• Default Branch: main
• Last Pushed: 2025-02-08T20:53:37.000Z (8 months ago)
• Last Synced: 2025-02-08T21:27:35.844Z (8 months ago)
• Size: 0 Bytes
• Stars: 0
• Watchers: 1
• Forks: 0
• Open Issues: 0
• Metadata Files:
  • Readme: README.md
  • License: LICENSE

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README

          
# Analog Multimeter Project  

## **Project Overview**  

This project was developed under the **EE-365 Industrial Instrumentation and Measurements** course at **Habib University** during Spring 2020. The objective was to design and build an **analog multimeter** using a **d'Arsonval Galvanometer**, integrating three key measurement modes: **voltmeter**, **ammeter**, and **ohmmeter**. The project explores the challenges of analog instrumentation, including **calibration, component selection, and design integration**.  

**REPORT: https://github.com/SarwanShah/HU_2020_Analog-Multimeter-Design/blob/main/Final_Report.pdf** 

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## **Project Features**  

- **Voltmeter:** Measures voltages in the range of **0 to 50V**.

- **Ammeter:** Measures currents in the range of **0 to 100mA**.

- **Ohmmeter:** Measures resistances from **1 to 100Ω**, with provisions for **10% battery variation**.

- **Integrated Design:** Combines all three instruments into one device with selectable modes.

- **Simulation & Hardware Validation:** Includes circuit simulations and hardware implementation using veroboard.

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## **Project Implementation**  

### ➤ **Galvanometer Calibration**  

- **Internal Resistance (Rm):** Measured as **218.4Ω**.

- **Full-Scale Deflection Current (IFSD):** Determined to be **4.195mA** through gradual voltage application.

### ➤ **Ammeter Design**  

- **Shunt-Type Design:** Utilizes a parallel shunt resistor to limit the current through the galvanometer.

- **Shunt Resistance (Rsh):** Calculated to be **9.56Ω** with a practical combination of **10Ω || 220Ω**.

### ➤ **Voltmeter Design**  

- **Series-Type Design:** Employs a series resistor to divide the input voltage.

- **Multiplier Resistance (Rse):** Designed at **11.7kΩ**, with a practical combination of **680kΩ || 12kΩ**.

### ➤ **Ohmmeter Design**  

- **Series-Type Design:** Uses a **9V battery**, a fixed resistor for current limiting, and a variable resistor for zero-control.

- **Resistor Network:** Includes **1734Ω**, **192.7Ω**, and **2.2kΩ || 8.2kΩ** resistors to handle various ranges.

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## **Simulation Results**  

### ➤ **Ammeter Simulation**  

- Linear relationship observed between input current (0–100mA) and galvanometer deflection current (up to **4.195mA**).

### ➤ **Voltmeter Simulation**  

- Linear increase in galvanometer deflection current as input voltage varies from **0 to 50V**.

### ➤ **Ohmmeter Simulation**  

- Inverse proportional relationship between input resistance (1–100kΩ) and galvanometer deflection current.

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## **Hardware Implementation**  

- The circuit was implemented on a **veroboard**, requiring extensive soldering and optimization to minimize interference.

- A **manual jumper setup** was used to switch between modes instead of slide switches, reducing the risk of simultaneous mode activation.

- Additional resistors