Ecosyste.ms: Awesome

An open API service indexing awesome lists of open source software.

Awesome Lists | Featured Topics | Projects

https://github.com/seanpm2001/mcpye

A free and open source recreation of the popular game Minecraft, with more functionality and more features. Codenamed Minecraft Python Edition (not the official name)
https://github.com/seanpm2001/mcpye

debian dmg exe gnu gpl3 growtopia html linux macos markdown md minecraft pre-alpha public py python sandbox sims wiki windows

Last synced: about 2 hours ago
JSON representation

A free and open source recreation of the popular game Minecraft, with more functionality and more features. Codenamed Minecraft Python Edition (not the official name)

Awesome Lists containing this project

README

        

[![All Contributors](https://img.shields.io/badge/all_contributors-5-orange.svg?style=flat-square)](#contributors-)

***

##### Top

![MCPYE_Icon_LowQuality.png](/MCPYE_Icon_LowQuality.png)

# MCPYE

A free and open source recreation of the popular game Minecraft, with more functionality and more features. Codenamed Minecraft Python Edition (not the official name)

**old description**

## ABOUT
**MINECRAFT2/MINECRAFT PYTHON EDITION/PYCRAFT**

***

[UNTITLED](https://github.com/seanpm2001/MCPYE/) is a game based on Minecraft that offers loads of improvements over the Microsoft versions. These versions are free and open source, and are free of microtransactions, and Microsoft

***

## Read this article in a different language

_🌐 List of languages_

**Sorted by:** `A-Z`

[Sorting options unavailable](https://github.com/seanpm2001/Tetris128)

( [af Afrikaans](/.github/README_AF.md) Afrikaans | [sq Shqiptare](/.github/README_SQ.md) Albanian | [am አማርኛ](/.github/README_AM.md) Amharic | [ar عربى](/.github/README_AR.md) Arabic | [hy հայերեն](/.github/README_HY.md) Armenian | [az Azərbaycan dili](/.github/README_AZ.md) Azerbaijani | [eu Euskara](/.github/README_EU.md) Basque | [be Беларуская](/.github/README_BE.md) Belarusian | [bn বাংলা](/.github/README_BN.md) Bengali | [bs Bosanski](/.github/README_BS.md) Bosnian | [bg български](/.github/README_BG.md) Bulgarian | [ca Català](/.github/README_CA.md) Catalan | [ceb Sugbuanon](/.github/README_CEB.md) Cebuano | [ny Chichewa](/.github/README_NY.md) Chichewa | [zh-CN 简体中文](/.github/README_ZH-CN.md) Chinese (Simplified) | [zh-t 中國傳統的)](/.github/README_ZH-T.md) Chinese (Traditional) | [co Corsu](/.github/README_CO.md) Corsican | [hr Hrvatski](/.github/README_HR.md) Croatian | [cs čeština](/.github/README_CS.md) Czech | [da dansk](README_DA.md) Danish | [nl Nederlands](/.github/README_NL.md) Dutch | [**en-us English**](/.github/README.md) English | [EO Esperanto](/.github/README_EO.md) Esperanto | [et Eestlane](/.github/README_ET.md) Estonian | [tl Pilipino](/.github/README_TL.md) Filipino | [fi Suomalainen](/.github/README_FI.md) Finnish | [fr français](/.github/README_FR.md) French | [fy Frysk](/.github/README_FY.md) Frisian | [gl Galego](/.github/README_GL.md) Galician | [ka ქართველი](/.github/README_KA) Georgian | [de Deutsch](/.github/README_DE.md) German | [el Ελληνικά](/.github/README_EL.md) Greek | [gu ગુજરાતી](/.github/README_GU.md) Gujarati | [ht Kreyòl ayisyen](/.github/README_HT.md) Haitian Creole | [ha Hausa](/.github/README_HA.md) Hausa | [haw Ōlelo Hawaiʻi](/.github/README_HAW.md) Hawaiian | [he עִברִית](/.github/README_HE.md) Hebrew | [hi हिन्दी](/.github/README_HI.md) Hindi | [hmn Hmong](/.github/README_HMN.md) Hmong | [hu Magyar](/.github/README_HU.md) Hungarian | [is Íslenska](/.github/README_IS.md) Icelandic | [ig Igbo](/.github/README_IG.md) Igbo | [id bahasa Indonesia](/.github/README_ID.md) Icelandic | [ga Gaeilge](/.github/README_GA.md) Irish | [it Italiana/Italiano](/.github/README_IT.md) | [ja 日本語](/.github/README_JA.md) Japanese | [jw Wong jawa](/.github/README_JW.md) Javanese | [kn ಕನ್ನಡ](/.github/README_KN.md) Kannada | [kk Қазақ](/.github/README_KK.md) Kazakh | [km ខ្មែរ](/.github/README_KM.md) Khmer | [rw Kinyarwanda](/.github/README_RW.md) Kinyarwanda | [ko-south 韓國語](/.github/README_KO_SOUTH.md) Korean (South) | [ko-north 문화어](README_KO_NORTH.md) Korean (North) (NOT YET TRANSLATED) | [ku Kurdî](/.github/README_KU.md) Kurdish (Kurmanji) | [ky Кыргызча](/.github/README_KY.md) Kyrgyz | [lo ລາວ](/.github/README_LO.md) Lao | [la Latine](/.github/README_LA.md) Latin | [lt Lietuvis](/.github/README_LT.md) Lithuanian | [lb Lëtzebuergesch](/.github/README_LB.md) Luxembourgish | [mk Македонски](/.github/README_MK.md) Macedonian | [mg Malagasy](/.github/README_MG.md) Malagasy | [ms Bahasa Melayu](/.github/README_MS.md) Malay | [ml മലയാളം](/.github/README_ML.md) Malayalam | [mt Malti](/.github/README_MT.md) Maltese | [mi Maori](/.github/README_MI.md) Maori | [mr मराठी](/.github/README_MR.md) Marathi | [mn Монгол](/.github/README_MN.md) Mongolian | [my မြန်မာ](/.github/README_MY.md) Myanmar (Burmese) | [ne नेपाली](/.github/README_NE.md) Nepali | [no norsk](/.github/README_NO.md) Norwegian | [or ଓଡିଆ (ଓଡିଆ)](/.github/README_OR.md) Odia (Oriya) | [ps پښتو](/.github/README_PS.md) Pashto | [fa فارسی](/.github/README_FA.md) |Persian [pl polski](/.github/README_PL.md) Polish | [pt português](/.github/README_PT.md) Portuguese | [pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](/.github/README_PA.md) Punjabi | No languages available that start with the letter Q | [ro Română](/.github/README_RO.md) Romanian | [ru русский](/.github/README_RU.md) Russian | [sm Faasamoa](/.github/README_SM.md) Samoan | [gd Gàidhlig na h-Alba](/.github/README_GD.md) Scots Gaelic | [sr Српски](/.github/README_SR.md) Serbian | [st Sesotho](/.github/README_ST.md) Sesotho | [sn Shona](/.github/README_SN.md) Shona | [sd سنڌي](/.github/README_SD.md) Sindhi | [si සිංහල](/.github/README_SI.md) Sinhala | [sk Slovák](/.github/README_SK.md) Slovak | [sl Slovenščina](/.github/README_SL.md) Slovenian | [so Soomaali](/.github/README_SO.md) Somali | [[es en español](/.github/README_ES.md) Spanish | [su Sundanis](/.github/README_SU.md) Sundanese | [sw Kiswahili](/.github/README_SW.md) Swahili | [sv Svenska](/.github/README_SV.md) Swedish | [tg Тоҷикӣ](/.github/README_TG.md) Tajik | [ta தமிழ்](/.github/README_TA.md) Tamil | [tt Татар](/.github/README_TT.md) Tatar | [te తెలుగు](/.github/README_TE.md) Telugu | [th ไทย](/.github/README_TH.md) Thai | [tr Türk](/.github/README_TR.md) Turkish | [tk Türkmenler](/.github/README_TK.md) Turkmen | [uk Український](/.github/README_UK.md) Ukrainian | [ur اردو](/.github/README_UR.md) Urdu | [ug ئۇيغۇر](/.github/README_UG.md) Uyghur | [uz O'zbek](/.github/README_UZ.md) Uzbek | [vi Tiếng Việt](/.github/README_VI.md) Vietnamese | [cy Cymraeg](/.github/README_CY.md) Welsh | [xh isiXhosa](/.github/README_XH.md) Xhosa | [yi יידיש](/.github/README_YI.md) Yiddish | [yo Yoruba](/.github/README_YO.md) Yoruba | [zu Zulu](/.github/README_ZU.md) Zulu ) Available in 110 languages (108 when not counting English and North Korean, as North Korean has not been translated yet [Read about it here](/OldVersions/Korean(North)/README.md))

Translations in languages other than English are machine translated and are not yet accurate. No errors have been fixed yet as of June 23rd 2021. Please report translation errors [here](https://github.com/seanpm2001/Tetris128/issues/). Make sure to backup your correction with sources and guide me, as I don't know languages other than English well (I plan on getting a translator eventually) please cite [wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org) and other sources in your report. Failing to do so will result in a rejection of the correction being published.

Note: due to limitations with GitHub's interpretation of markdown (and pretty much every other web-based interpretation of markdown) clicking these links will redirect you to a separate file on a separate page that isn't my GitHub profile page. You will be redirected to the [seanpm2001/seanpm2001 repository](https://github.com/seanpm2001/seanpm2001), where the README is hosted.

Translations are done with Google Translate due to limited or no support for the languages I need in other translation services like DeepL and Bing Translate. I am working on finding an alternative. For some reason, the formatting (links, dividers, bolding, italics, etc.) is messed up in various translations. It is tedious to fix, and I do not know how to fix these issues in languages with non-latin characters, and right to left languages (like Arabic) extra help is needed in fixing these issues

***

## Index

[00.0 - Top](#Top)

> [00.1 - Title](#MCPYE)

> [00.2 - Read this article in a different language](#Read-this-article-in-a-different-language)

> [00.3 - Index](#Index)

[01.0 - About](#About)

> [01.1 - Placeholder icon](#Placeholder-icon)

[02.0 - Pros and cons](#Pros-of-MC-PYE)

[03.0 - More codenames](#More-codenames)

[04.0 - Wiki](#Wiki)

[05.0 - Sponsor info](#Sponsor-info)

[06.0 - Version history](#Version-history)

[07.0 - Software status](#Software-status)

[08.0 - Issues](#Issues)

> [08.1 - Current issues](#Current-issues)

> [08.2 - Past issues](#Past-issues)

> [08.3 - Past pull requests](#Past-pull-requests)

> [08.4 - Active pull requests](#Active-pull-requests)

[09.0 - Resources](#Resources)

[10.0 - History/Development progress](#Development-progress)

[11.0 - Platforms](#Platforms)

[12.0 - Contributors](#Contributors)

[13.0 - Contributing](#Contributing)

> [13.1 - Other commit rules](#Other-commit-rules)

[14.0 - File info](#File-info)

[15.0 - File history](#File-history)

[16.0 - Footer](#Footer)

> [16.9 - EOF](#EOF)

***

## Pros of MC PYE

***

![Python_logo_and_wordmark.svg](/Python_logo_and_wordmark.svg)

[▪] it is written in Python, is open source, and follows a set of efficiency guidelines, so it is a lot lighter and a lot more efficient.

**Example:**

***

1. A Java Hello World program is normally between 5-10 lines while a Python Hello World program 1-2 lines

2. It is Open source

3. It is like Minecraft in terms of functionality but with every good mod installed and functional

4. Thousands of features

5. Works online/offline

6. Game files are easy to modify and changable by all

7. Thousands of features

8. Has functionality for other sandbox games, such as Growtopia and Terraria

***

Now over 2000 blocks/mobs/items total

## More codenames

***

1. • Minecraft Python Edition

2. • Pycraft

3. • Minecraft 2

4. • Pymine

5. • Python Super Sandbox

***

## Wiki

[Click/tap here to view this projects Wiki](https://github.com/seanpm2001/MCPYE/wiki)

If the project has been forked, the Wiki was likely removed. Luckily, I include an embedded version. You can view it [here](/External/ProjectWiki/).

***

## Sponsor info

![SponsorButton.png](SponsorButton.png)

You can sponsor this project if you like, but please specify what you want to donate to. [See the funds you can donate to here](https://github.com/seanpm2001/Sponsor-info/tree/main/For-sponsors)

You can view other sponsor info [here](https://github.com/seanpm2001/Sponsor-info/)

Try it out! The sponsor button is right up next to the watch/unwatch button.

***

## Version history

**Version history currently unavailable**

**No other versions listed**

***

## Software status

All of my works are free some restrictions. DRM (**D**igital **R**estrictions **M**anagement) is not present in any of my works.

![DRM-free_label.en.svg](DRM-free_label.en.svg)

This sticker is supported by the Free Software Foundation. I never intend to include DRM in my works.

I am using the abbreviation "Digital Restrictions Management" instead of the more known "Digital Rights Management" as the common way of addressing it is false, there are no rights with DRM. The spelling "Digital Restrictions Management" is more accurate, and is supported by [Richard M. Stallman (RMS)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman) and the [Free Software Foundation (FSF)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation)

This section is used to raise awareness for the problems with DRM, and also to protest it. DRM is defective by design and is a major threat to all computer users and software freedom.

Image credit: [defectivebydesign.org/drm-free/...](https://www.defectivebydesign.org/drm-free/how-to-use-label)

***

## Issues

### Current issues

* None at the moment

* No other current issues

If the repository has been forked, issues likely have been removed. Luckily I keep an archive of certain images [here](/.github/Issues/)

[Read the privacy policy on issue archival here](/.github/Issues/README.md)

**TL;DR**

I archive my own issues. Your issue won't be archived unless you request it to be archived.

### Past issues

* None at the moment

* No other past issues

If the repository has been forked, issues likely have been removed. Luckily I keep an archive of certain images [here](/.github/Issues/)

[Read the privacy policy on issue archival here](/.github/Issues/README.md)

**TL;DR**

I archive my own issues. Your issue won't be archived unless you request it to be archived.

### Past pull requests

* None at the moment

* No other past pull requests

If the repository has been forked, issues likely have been removed. Luckily I keep an archive of certain images [here](/.github/Issues/)

[Read the privacy policy on issue archival here](/.github/Issues/README.md)

**TL;DR**

I archive my own issues. Your issue won't be archived unless you request it to be archived.

### Active pull requests

* None at the moment

* No other active pull requests

If the repository has been forked, issues likely have been removed. Luckily I keep an archive of certain images [here](/.github/Issues/)

[Read the privacy policy on issue archival here](/.github/Issues/README.md)

**TL;DR**

I archive my own issues. Your issue won't be archived unless you request it to be archived.

***

## Resources

Here are some other resources for this project:

[Project language file (Python)](PROJECT_LANG.py)

[Join the discussion on GitHub](https://github.com/seanpm2001/MCPYE/discussions)

[Minecraft.net](https://www.minecraft.net/)

[Python.org](https://www.python.org/)

[Become a maintainer, read these guidelines](https://github.com/seanpm2001/Maintainers-info/)

[Check out my Minecraft Pocket Edition world mappacks](https://github.com/seanpm2001?tab=repositories&q=MinecraftPE_Backup_Worlds&type=&language=&sort=)

No other resources at the moment.

***

## Development progress

I decided to create a GitHub repository for this project on May 25th 2020, so that I could have help developing this project. I would have just uploaded the repository, but I needed to make some changes to the file structure. I also wanted to document it better.

As of 4:25 pm on May 26th 2020, I have added in all the files from my local repository, and I will begin working on changes soon

A snap is now under development - June 30th 2021

***

## Platforms

[Ubuntu via Snapcraft (x64)](https://github.com/MCPYE/MCPYE-Snap) - Status: not functional yet

[Debian 10/Ubuntu (Debian file) (64 bit only)](/Setup/Linux/Debian/MCPYEDebian10_x64.deb) - Status: not functional yet

[Fedora 34 (RPM file) (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Arch Linux (AUR) (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[ReactOS 0.4 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[iPhoneOS 2 (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[iPhoneOS 3 (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[iOS 4 (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[iOS 5 (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[iOS 6 (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Mac OS X 10.0 (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Mac OS X 10.1 (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Mac OS X 10.2 (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Mac OS X 10.3 (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Mac OS X 10.4 (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Mac OS X 10.5 (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Mac OS X 10.6 (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Mac OS X 10.7 (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[OS X 10.8 (x64)](/Setup/MacOS/MacOSX10.8/MCPYEMacOS10.08Setupx64.dmg) - Status: not functional yet

[OS X 10.9 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[OS X 10.10 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[OS X 10.11 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[MacOS 10.12 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[MacOS 10.13 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[MacOS 10.14 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[MacOS 10.15 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[MacOS 11.0 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[MacOS 12.0 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Windows XP (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Windows XP (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Windows Server 2003 (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Windows Server 2003 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Windows Vista (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Windows Vista (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Windows Server 2008 (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Windows Server 2008 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Windows 7 (x32)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Windows 7 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Windows Server 2012 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Windows 8 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Windows 8.1 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Windows Server 2016 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Windows 10 (x64)](Setup/Windows/MCPYEWin10_x64.exe) - Status: not functional yet

[Windows Server 2019 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Windows 11 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Android 5.1 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Android 6.1 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Android 7.1 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Android 8.1 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Android 9.1 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Android 10.0 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Android 11.0 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

[Android 12.0 (x64)](#Platforms) - Not available yet

***

## Contributers

1. [owner - Seanpm2001](https://github.com/seanpm2001/) - 193 commits (As of Thursday, July 1st 2021 at 12:43 pm)

2. [Channa-my](https://github.com/Channa-my) - 1 commit (As of Thursday, June 18th 2020 at 11:20 pm) No other commits as of Thursday, July 1st 2021

3. No other contributers at the moment

***

## Contributing

[Main article: Contributing.md](https://github.com/seanpm2001/MCPYE/Contributing.md)

**Do not modify version files.**

Files ending with V and a number are separate archived versions of a program. They are complete, and should not be modified.
Always make sure to copy your changes to a new version file after you make each commit.

### Other Commit rules:

1. ¤ Don't modify files with a version number at the end of them

2. ¤ Create a separate file for each revision

3. ¤ No excessive unnecessary profanity in commits (only 1 unnecessary swear allowed)

4. ¤ Program must be as light as possible with all features

5. ¤ Source code must be documented

6. ¤ Python files must begin with #start of script and end with #end of script (this might get deprecated)

7. ¤ Program cannot mine personal data, or set trackers

**No other rules currently available**

***

## About local repository

_a local repository for this project has been in development since Wednesday, July 17th 2019. It has been moved to GitHub on May 25th 2020, where I can manage it better._

**There are still some files and folders that need to be moved over**

***

## Version history

1. Version 0.0.1.0 [pre-release] - Marks the full conversion of all Python data from the offline local repository to the online GitHub repository. Still highly incomplete. **_released May 26th 2020_** [commit count: 124]

2. Version 0.0.1.1 [pre-release] - coming soon [commit count: 125, 1 total commit for this release]

3. Other future releases not yet listed

Readme version: 6 (Thursday, June 18th 2020, 11:20 pm)

***

## File info

File type: `Markdown document (*.md)`

File version: `7 (Thursday, July 1st 2021 at 12:43 pm)`

Line count (including blank lines and compiler line): `693`

***

## File history

Version 1 (Monday, May 25th 2021 at 11:16 pm)

> Changes:

> * Started the file

> * Added the title section

> * Added the old description section

> * No other changes in version 1

Version 2 (Monday, May 25th 2021 at 11:18 pm)

> Changes:

> * Updated markdown syntax

> * No other changes in version 2

Version 2.1 (Tuesday, May 26th 2021 at 2:36 pm)

> Changes:

> * Updated markdown syntax

> * No other changes in version 2.1

Version 3 (Tuesday, May 26th 2021 at 5:02 pm)

> Changes:

> * Updated the old description section (syntax changes)

> * Added the `Pros of MCPYE` section

> * Added the development progress section

> * Added the Current Contributors section

> * Added the rules section

> * No other changes in version 3

Version 4 (Tuesday, May 26th 2021 at 5:07 pm)

> Changes:

> * Added the `Other commit rules` subsection to the `rules` section

> * Updated the current contributors section

> * Updated the footer section

> * No other changes in version 4

Version 5 (Tuesday, May 26th 2021 at 5:55 pm)

> Changes:

> * Updated the current contributors section

> * Added the `About local repository` section

> * Updated the version history section

> * No other changes in version 5

Version 6 (Tuesday, June 18th 2021 at 11:20 pm)

> Changes:

> * Updated Markdown syntax

> * Updated the about section

> * Updated the Pros of MCPYE section

> * Added the `More codenames` section

> * Updated the current contributors section

> * Updated the contributing rules section

> * No other changes in version 6

Version 7 (Thursday, July 1st 2021 at 12:43 pm)

> Changes:

> * Massive rehaul of the file, many changes

> * Added images

> > * Added the placeholder logo

> * Added an info section for the placeholder logo

> * Added the builds section

> * Added the language list section

> * Added the index section

> * Updated the about section

> * Updated the Wiki section

> * Added the sponsor info section

> * Added the software status section

> * Added the issues section

> > * 1. Added the current issues subsection

> > * 2. Added the past issues subsection

> > * 3. Added the past pull requests subsection

> > * 4. Added the active pull requests subsection

> * Updated the pros section

> * Updated the development progress section

> * Added the platforms section

> * Added the resources section

> * Added the history section

> * Updated the contributors section

> * Updated the file info section

> * Added the file history section

> * Updated the footer

> * No other changes in version 7

Version 8 (Coming soon)

> * Changes:

> * Coming soon

> * No other changes in version 8

Version 9 (Coming soon)

> * Changes:

> * Coming soon

> * No other changes in version 9

Version 10 (Coming soon)

> * Changes:

> * Coming soon

> * No other changes in version 10

Version 11 (Coming soon)

> * Changes:

> * Coming soon

> * No other changes in version 11

Version 12 (Coming soon)

> * Changes:

> * Coming soon

> * No other changes in version 12

Version 13 (Coming soon)

> * Changes:

> * Coming soon

> * No other changes in version 13

Version 14 (Coming soon)

> * Changes:

> * Coming soon

> * No other changes in version 14

***

## Footer

You have reached the end of this page.

( [Back to top](#Top) | [Return to GitHub](https://github.com/) )

### EOF

***

## Contributors ✨

Thanks goes to these wonderful people ([emoji key](https://allcontributors.org/docs/en/emoji-key)):



Sean P. Myrick V19.1.7.2

💻 📖 🚧 🤔

channa-my

📖

All Contributors

📖

Struow

🐛

tim79000

🐛

This project follows the [all-contributors](https://github.com/all-contributors/all-contributors) specification. Contributions of any kind welcome!