https://github.com/semlinker/reactjs-interview-questions
List of top 304 ReactJS Interview Questions & Answers
https://github.com/semlinker/reactjs-interview-questions
interview-preparation interview-questions react react-router react16 reactjs redux
Last synced: about 1 year ago
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List of top 304 ReactJS Interview Questions & Answers
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/semlinker/reactjs-interview-questions
- Owner: semlinker
- Created: 2019-03-21T12:30:13.000Z (about 7 years ago)
- Default Branch: master
- Last Pushed: 2021-12-26T15:17:14.000Z (over 4 years ago)
- Last Synced: 2025-04-07T21:11:15.521Z (about 1 year ago)
- Topics: interview-preparation, interview-questions, react, react-router, react16, reactjs, redux
- Language: JavaScript
- Homepage:
- Size: 1.12 MB
- Stars: 2,128
- Watchers: 71
- Forks: 312
- Open Issues: 2
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Metadata Files:
- Readme: README-en.md
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# React Interview Questions & Answers
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### Table of Contents
| No. | Questions |
| --- | --------- |
| | **Core React** |
|1 | [What is React?](#what-is-react) |
|2 | [What are the major features of React?](#what-are-the-major-features-of-react) |
|3 | [What is JSX?](#what-is-jsx) |
|4 | [What is the difference between Element and Component?](#what-is-the-difference-between-element-and-component) |
|5 | [How to create components in React?](#how-to-create-components-in-react) |
|6 | [When to use a Class Component over a Function Component?](#when-to-use-a-class-component-over-a-function-component) |
|7 | [What are Pure Components?](#what-are-pure-components) |
|8 | [What is state in React?](#what-is-state-in-react) |
|9 | [What are props in React?](#what-are-props-in-react) |
|10 | [What is the difference between state and props?](#what-is-the-difference-between-state-and-props) |
|11 | [Why should we not update the state directly?](#why-should-we-not-update-the-state-directly) |
|12 | [What is the purpose of callback function as an argument of setState()?](#what-is-the-purpose-of-callback-function-as-an-argument-of-setstate)
|13 | [What is the difference between HTML and React event handling?](#what-is-the-difference-between-html-and-react-event-handling) |
|14 | [How to bind methods or event handlers in JSX callbacks?](#how-to-bind-methods-or-event-handlers-in-jsx-callbacks) |
|15 | [How to pass a parameter to an event handler or callback?](#how-to-pass-a-parameter-to-an-event-handler-or-callback) |
|16 | [What are synthetic events in React?](#what-are-synthetic-events-in-react) |
|17 | [What is inline conditional expressions?](#what-is-inline-conditional-expressions) |
|18 | [What are "key" props and what is the benefit of using them in arrays of elements?](#what-are-key-props-and-what-is-the-benefit-of-using-them-in-arrays-of-elements) |
|19 | [What is the use of refs?](#what-is-the-use-of-refs) |
|20 | [How to create refs?](#how-to-create-refs)
|21 | [What are forward refs?](#what-are-forward-refs) |
|22 | [Which is preferred option with in callback refs and findDOMNode()?](#which-is-preferred-option-with-in-callback-refs-and-finddomnode) |
|23 | [Why are String Refs legacy?](#why-are-string-refs-legacy) |
|24 | [What is Virtual DOM?](#what-is-virtual-dom) |
|25 | [How Virtual DOM works?](#how-virtual-dom-works) |
|26 | [What is the difference between Shadow DOM and Virtual DOM?](#what-is-the-difference-between-shadow-dom-and-virtual-dom) |
|27 | [What is React Fiber?](#what-is-react-fiber) |
|28 | [What is the main goal of React Fiber?](#what-is-the-main-goal-of-react-fiber) |
|29 | [What are controlled components?](#what-are-controlled-components) |
|30 | [What are uncontrolled components?](#what-are-uncontrolled-components) |
|31 | [What is the difference between createElement and cloneElement?](#what-is-the-difference-between-createelement-and-cloneelement) |
|32 | [What is Lifting State Up in React?](#what-is-lifting-state-up-in-react) |
|33 | [What are the different phases of component lifecycle?](#what-are-the-different-phases-of-component-lifecycle) |
|34 | [What are the lifecycle methods of React?](#what-are-the-lifecycle-methods-of-react) |
|35 | [What are Higher-Order components?](#what-are-higher-order-components) |
|36 | [How to create props proxy for HOC component?](#how-to-create-props-proxy-for-hoc-component) |
|37 | [What is context?](#what-is-context) |
|38 | [What is children prop?](#what-is-children-prop) |
|39 | [How to write comments in React?](#how-to-write-comments-in-react) |
|40 | [What is the purpose of using super constructor with props argument?](#what-is-the-purpose-of-using-super-constructor-with-props-argument) |
|41 | [What is reconciliation?](#what-is-reconciliation) |
|42 | [How to set state with a dynamic key name?](#how-to-set-state-with-a-dynamic-key-name) |
|43 | [What would be the common mistake of function being called every time the component renders?](#what-would-be-the-common-mistake-of-function-being-called-every-time-the-component-renders) |
|44 | [Why is it necessary to capitalize component names?](#why-is-it-necessary-to-capitalize-component-names) |
|45 | [Why React uses className over class attribute?](#why-react-uses-classname-over-class-attribute) |
|46 | [What are fragments?](#what-are-fragments) |
|47 | [Why fragments are better than container divs?](#why-fragments-are-better-than-container-divs) |
|48 | [What are portals in React?](#what-are-portals-in-react) |
|49 | [What are stateless components?](#what-are-stateless-components) |
|50 | [What are stateful components?](#what-are-stateful-components) |
|51 | [How to apply validation on props in React?](#how-to-apply-validation-on-props-in-react) |
|52 | [What are the advantages of React?](#what-are-the-advantages-of-react) |
|53 | [What are the limitations of React?](#what-are-the-limitations-of-react) |
|54 | [What are error boundaries in React v16](#what-are-error-boundaries-in-react-v16) |
|55 | [How error boundaries handled in React v15?](#how-error-boundaries-handled-in-react-v15) |
|56 | [What are the recommended ways for static type checking?](#what-are-the-recommended-ways-for-static-type-checking) |
|57 | [What is the use of react-dom package?](#what-is-the-use-of-react-dom-package) |
|58 | [What is the purpose of render method of react-dom?](#what-is-the-purpose-of-render-method-of-react-dom) |
|59 | [What is ReactDOMServer?](#what-is-reactdomserver) |
|60 | [How to use InnerHtml in React?](#how-to-use-innerhtml-in-react) |
|61 | [How to use styles in React?](#how-to-use-styles-in-react) |
|62 | [How events are different in React?](#how-events-are-different-in-react) |
|63 | [What will happen if you use setState in constructor?](#what-will-happen-if-you-use-setstate-in-constructor) |
|64 | [What is the impact of indexes as keys?](#what-is-the-impact-of-indexes-as-keys) |
|65 | [Is it good to use setState() in componentWillMount() method?](#is-it-good-to-use-setstate-in-componentwillmount-method) |
|66 | [What will happen if you use props in initial state?](#what-will-happen-if-you-use-props-in-initial-state) |
|67 | [How do you conditionally render components?](#how-do-you-conditionally-render-components)
|68 | [Why we need to be careful when spreading props on DOM elements??](#why-we-need-to-be-careful-when-spreading-props-on-dom-elements) |
|69 | [How you use decorators in React?](#how-you-use-decorators-in-react) |
|70 | [How do you memoize a component?](#how-do-you-memoize-a-component) |
|71 | [How you implement Server-Side Rendering or SSR?](#how-you-implement-server-side-rendering-or-ssr) |
|72 | [How to enable production mode in React?](#how-to-enable-production-mode-in-react) |
|73 | [What is CRA and its benefits?](#what-is-cra-and-its-benefits) |
|74 | [What is the lifecycle methods order in mounting?](#what-is-the-lifecycle-methods-order-in-mounting) |
|75 | [What are the lifecycle methods going to be deprecated in React v16?](#what-are-the-lifecycle-methods-going-to-be-deprecated-in-react-v16) |
|76 | [What is the purpose of getDerivedStateFromProps() lifecycle method?](#what-is-the-purpose-of-getderivedstatefromprops-lifecycle-method) |
|77 | [What is the purpose of getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() lifecycle method?](#what-is-the-purpose-of-getsnapshotbeforeupdate-lifecycle-method) |
|78 | [What is the difference between createElement() and cloneElement() methods?](#what-is-the-difference-between-createelement-and-cloneelement-methods) |
|79 | [What is the recommended way for naming components?](#what-is-the-recommended-way-for-naming-components) |
|80 | [What is the recommended ordering of methods in component class?](#what-is-the-recommended-ordering-of-methods-in-component-class) |
|81 | [What is a switching component?](#what-is-a-switching-component) |
|82 | [Why we need to pass a function to setState()?](#why-we-need-to-pass-a-function-to-setstate) |
|83 | [What is strict mode in React?](#what-is-strict-mode-in-react) |
|84 | [What are React Mixins?](#what-are-react-mixins) |
|85 | [Why is isMounted() an anti-pattern and what is the proper solution?](#why-is-ismounted-an-anti-pattern-and-what-is-the-proper-solution) |
|86 | [What are the Pointer Events supported in React?](#what-are-the-pointer-events-supported-in-react) |
|87 | [Why should component names start with capital letter?](#why-should-component-names-start-with-capital-letter) |
|88 | [Are custom DOM attributes supported in React v16?](#are-custom-dom-attributes-supported-in-react-v16) |
|89 | [What is the difference between constructor and getInitialState?](#what-is-the-difference-between-constructor-and-getinitialstate) |
|90 | [Can you force a component to re-render without calling setState?](#can-you-force-a-component-to-re-render-without-calling-setstate) |
|91 | [What is the difference between super() and super(props) in React using ES6 classes?](#what-is-the-difference-between-super-and-superprops-in-react-using-es6-classes) |
|92 | [How to loop inside JSX?](#how-to-loop-inside-jsx) |
|93 | [How do you access props in attribute quotes?](#how-do-you-access-props-in-attribute-quotes) |
|94 | [What is React PropType array with shape?](#what-is-react-proptype-array-with-shape) |
|95 | [How conditionally apply class attributes?](#how-conditionally-apply-class-attributes) |
|96 | [What is the difference between React and ReactDOM?](#what-is-the-difference-between-react-and-reactdom) |
|97 | [Why ReactDOM is separated from React?](#why-reactdom-is-separated-from-react) |
|98 | [How to use React label element?](#how-to-use-react-label-element) |
|99 | [How to combine multiple inline style objects?](#how-to-combine-multiple-inline-style-objects) |
|100| [How to re-render the view when the browser is resized?](#how-to-re-render-the-view-when-the-browser-is-resized)
|101| [What is the difference between setState and replaceState methods?](#what-is-the-difference-between-setstate-and-replacestate-methods) |
|102| [How to listen to state changes?](#how-to-listen-to-state-changes) |
|103| [What is the recommended approach of removing an array element in react state?](#what-is-the-recommended-approach-of-removing-an-array-element-in-react-state) |
|104| [Is it possible to use React without rendering HTML?](#is-it-possible-to-use-react-without-rendering-html) |
|105| [How to pretty print JSON with React?](#how-to-pretty-print-json-with-react) |
|106| [Why you can't update props in React?](#why-you-cant-update-props-in-react) |
|107| [How to focus an input element on page load?](#how-to-focus-an-input-element-on-page-load) |
|108| [What are the possible ways of updating objects in state?](#what-are-the-possible-ways-of-updating-objects-in-state) |
|109| [Why function is preferred over object for setState?](#why-function-is-preferred-over-object-for-setstate) |
|110| [How can we find the version of React at runtime in the browser?](#how-can-we-find-the-version-of-react-at-runtime-in-the-browser) |
|111| [What are the approaches to include polyfills in your create-react-app?](#what-are-the-approaches-to-include-polyfills-in-your-create-react-app) |
|112| [How to use https instead of http in create-react-app?](#how-to-use-https-instead-of-http-in-create-react-app) |
|113| [How to avoid using relative path imports in create-react-app?](#how-to-avoid-using-relative-path-imports-in-create-react-app) |
|114| [How to add Google Analytics for react-router?](#how-to-add-google-analytics-for-react-router) |
|115| [How to update a component every second?](#how-to-update-a-component-every-second) |
|116| [How do you apply vendor prefixes to inline styles in React?](#how-do-you-apply-vendor-prefixes-to-inline-styles-in-react) |
|117| [How to import and export components using react and ES6?](#how-to-import-and-export-components-using-react-and-es6) |
|118| [Why React component names must begin with a capital letter?](#why-react-component-names-must-begin-with-a-capital-letter) |
|119| [Why is a component constructor called only once?](#why-is-a-component-constructor-called-only-once) |
|120| [How to define constants in React?](#how-to-define-constants-in-react) |
|121| [How to programmatically trigger click event in React?](#how-to-programmatically-trigger-click-event-in-react) |
|122| [Is it possible to use async/await in plain React?](#is-it-possible-to-use-asyncawait-in-plain-react) |
|123| [What are the common folder structures for React?](#what-are-the-common-folder-structures-for-react) |
|124| [What are the popular packages for animation?](#what-are-the-popular-packages-for-animation) |
|125| [What is the benefit of styles modules?](#what-is-the-benefit-of-styles-modules) |
|126| [What are the popular React-specific linters?](#what-are-the-popular-react-specific-linters) |
|127| [How to make AJAX call and In which component lifecycle methods should I make an AJAX call?](#how-to-make-ajax-call-and-in-which-component-lifecycle-methods-should-i-make-an-ajax-call) |
|128| [What are render props?](#what-are-render-props) |
| | **React Router** |
|129| [What is React Router?](#what-is-react-router) |
|130| [How React Router is different from history library?](#how-react-router-is-different-from-history-library) |
|131| [What are the \ components of React Router v4?](#what-are-the-router-components-of-react-router-v4) |
|132| [What is the purpose of push and replace methods of history?](#what-is-the-purpose-of-push-and-replace-methods-of-history) |
|133| [How do you programmatically navigate using React router v4?](#how-do-you-programmatically-navigate-using-react-router-v4) |
|134| [How to get query parameters in React Router v4](#how-to-get-query-parameters-in-react-router-v4) |
|135| [Why you get "Router may have only one child element" warning?](#why-you-get-router-may-have-only-one-child-element-warning) |
|136| [How to pass params to history.push method in React Router v4?](#how-to-pass-params-to-historypush-method-in-react-router-v4) |
|137| [How to implement default or NotFound page?](#how-to-implement-default-or-notfound-page) |
|138| [How to get history on React Router v4?](#how-to-get-history-on-react-router-v4) |
|139| [How to perform automatic redirect after login?](#how-to-perform-automatic-redirect-after-login) |
| | **React Internationalization** |
|140| [What is React-Intl?](#what-is-react-intl) |
|141| [What are the main features of React Intl?](#what-are-the-main-features-of-react-intl) |
|142| [What are the two ways of formatting in React Intl?](#what-are-the-two-ways-of-formatting-in-react-intl) |
|143| [How to use FormattedMessage as placeholder using React Intl?](#how-to-use-formattedmessage-as-placeholder-using-react-intl) |
|144| [How to access current locale with React Intl](#how-to-access-current-locale-with-react-intl) |
|145| [How to format date using React Intl?](#how-to-format-date-using-react-intl) |
| | **React Testing** |
|146| [What is Shallow Renderer in React testing?](#what-is-shallow-renderer-in-react-testing) |
|147| [What is TestRenderer package in React?](#what-is-testrenderer-package-in-react) |
|148| [What is the purpose of ReactTestUtils package?](#what-is-the-purpose-of-reacttestutils-package) |
|149| [What is Jest?](#what-is-jest) |
|150| [What are the advantages of Jest over Jasmine?](#what-are-the-advantages-of-jest-over-jasmine) |
|151| [Give a simple example of Jest test case](#give-a-simple-example-of-jest-test-case) |
| | **React Redux** |
|152| [What is Flux?](#what-is-flux) |
|153| [What is Redux?](#what-is-redux) |
|154| [What are the core principles of Redux?](#what-are-the-core-principles-of-redux) |
|155| [What are the downsides of Redux compared to Flux?](#what-are-the-downsides-of-redux-compared-to-flux) |
|156| [What is the difference between mapStateToProps() and mapDispatchToProps()?](#what-is-the-difference-between-mapstatetoprops-and-mapdispatchtoprops) |
|157| [Can I dispatch an action in reducer?](#can-i-dispatch-an-action-in-reducer) |
|158| [How to access Redux store outside a component?](#how-to-access-redux-store-outside-a-component) |
|159| [What are the drawbacks of MVW pattern](#what-are-the-drawbacks-of-mvw-pattern) |
|160| [Are there any similarities between Redux and RxJS?](#are-there-any-similarities-between-redux-and-rxjs) |
|161| [How to dispatch an action on load?](#how-to-dispatch-an-action-on-load) |
|162| [How to use connect from React Redux?](#how-to-use-connect-from-react-redux) |
|163| [How to reset state in Redux?](#how-to-reset-state-in-redux) |
|164| [Whats the purpose of at symbol in the redux connect decorator?](#whats-the-purpose-of-at-symbol-in-the-redux-connect-decorator) |
|165| [What is the difference between React context and React Redux?](#what-is-the-difference-between-react-context-and-react-redux) |
|166| [Why are Redux state functions called reducers?](#why-are-redux-state-functions-called-reducers) |
|167| [How to make AJAX request in Redux?](#how-to-make-ajax-request-in-redux) |
|168| [Should I keep all component's state in Redux store?](#should-i-keep-all-components-state-in-redux-store) |
|169| [What is the proper way to access Redux store?](#what-is-the-proper-way-to-access-redux-store) |
|170| [What is the difference between component and container in React Redux?](#what-is-the-difference-between-component-and-container-in-react-redux) |
|171| [What is the purpose of the constants in Redux? ](#what-is-the-purpose-of-the-constants-in-redux) |
|172| [What are the different ways to write mapDispatchToProps()?](#what-are-the-different-ways-to-write-mapdispatchtoprops) |
|173| [What is the use of the ownProps parameter in mapStateToProps() and mapDispatchToProps()?](#what-is-the-use-of-the-ownprops-parameter-in-mapstatetoprops-and-mapdispatchtoprops) |
|174| [How to structure Redux top level directories?](#how-to-structure-redux-top-level-directories) |
|175| [What is redux-saga?](#what-is-redux-saga) |
|176| [What is the mental model of redux-saga?](#what-is-the-mental-model-of-redux-saga) |
|177| [What are the differences between call and put in redux-saga](#what-are-the-differences-between-call-and-put-in-redux-saga) |
|178| [What is Redux Thunk?](#what-is-redux-thunk) |
|179| [What are the differences between redux-saga and redux-thunk](#what-are-the-differences-between-redux-saga-and-redux-thunk) |
|180| [What is Redux DevTools?](#what-is-redux-devtools) |
|181| [What are the features of Redux DevTools?](#what-are-the-features-of-redux-devtools) |
|182| [What are Redux selectors and Why to use them?](#what-are-redux-selectors-and-why-to-use-them) |
|183| [What is Redux Form?](#what-is-redux-form) |
|184| [What are the main features of Redux Form?](#what-are-the-main-features-of-redux-form) |
|185| [How to add multiple middlewares to Redux?](#how-to-add-multiple-middlewares-to-redux) |
|186| [How to set initial state in Redux?](#how-to-set-initial-state-in-redux) |
|187| [How Relay is different from Redux?](#how-relay-is-different-from-redux) |
| | **React Native** |
|188| [What is the difference between React Native and React?](#what-is-the-difference-between-react-native-and-react) |
|189| [How to test React Native apps?](#how-to-test-react-native-apps) |
|190| [How to do logging in React Native?](#how-to-do-logging-in-react-native) |
|191| [How to debug your React Native?](#how-to-debug-your-react-native) |
| | **React supported libraries and Integration** |
|192| [What is reselect and how it works?](#what-is-reselect-and-how-it-works) |
|193| [What is Flow?](#what-is-flow) |
|194| [What is the difference between Flow and PropTypes?](#what-is-the-difference-between-flow-and-proptypes) |
|195| [How to use font-awesome icons in React?](#how-to-use-font-awesome-icons-in-react) |
|196| [What is React Dev Tools?](#what-is-react-dev-tools) |
|197| [Why is DevTools not loading in Chrome for local files?](#why-is-devtools-not-loading-in-chrome-for-local-files) |
|198| [How to use Polymer in React?](#how-to-use-polymer-in-react) |
|199| [What are the advantages of React over Vue.js?](#what-are-the-advantages-of-react-over-vuejs) |
|200| [What is the difference between React and Angular?](#what-is-the-difference-between-react-and-angular) |
|201| [Why React tab is not showing up in DevTools?](#why-react-tab-is-not-showing-up-in-devtools) |
|202| [What are styled components?](#what-are-styled-components) |
|203| [Give an example of Styled Components?](#give-an-example-of-styled-components) |
|204| [What is Relay?](#what-is-relay) |
|205| [How to use TypeScript in create-react-app application?](#how-to-use-typescript-in-create-react-app-application) |
| | **Miscellaneous** |
|206| [What are the main features of reselect library?](#what-are-the-main-features-of-reselect-library) |
|207| [Give an example of reselect usage?](#give-an-example-of-reselect-usage) |
|208| [What is an action in Redux?](#what-is-an-action-in-redux) |
|209| [Does the statics object work with ES6 classes in React?](#does-the-statics-object-work-with-es6-classes-in-react) |
|210| [Can Redux only be used with React?](#can-redux-only-be-used-with-react) |
|211| [Do you need to have a particular build tool to use Redux?](#do-you-need-to-have-a-particular-build-tool-to-use-redux) |
|212| [How Redux Form initialValues get updated from state?](#how-redux-form-initialvalues-get-updated-from-state) |
|213| [How React PropTypes allow different type for one prop?](#how-react-proptypes-allow-different-types-for-one-prop) |
|214| [Can I import an SVG file as react component?](#can-i-import-an-svg-file-as-react-component) |
|215| [Why are inline ref callbacks or functions not recommended?](#why-are-inline-ref-callbacks-or-functions-not-recommended)|
|216| [What is render hijacking in React?](#what-is-render-hijacking-in-react)|
|217| [What are HOC factory implementations?](#what-are-hoc-factory-implementations)|
|218| [How to pass numbers to React component?](#how-to-pass-numbers-to-react-component)|
|219| [Do I need to keep all my state into Redux? Should I ever use react internal state?](#do-i-need-to-keep-all-my-state-into-redux-should-i-ever-use-react-internal-state)|
|220| [What is the purpose of registerServiceWorker in React?](#what-is-the-purpose-of-registerserviceworker-in-react)|
|221| [What is React memo function?](#what-is-react-memo-function)|
|222| [What is React lazy function?](#what-is-react-lazy-function)|
|223| [How to prevent unnecessary updates using setState?](#how-to-prevent-unnecessary-updates-using-setstate)|
|224| [How do you render Array, Strings and Numbers in React 16 Version?](#how-do-you-render-array-strings-and-numbers-in-react-16-version)|
|225| [How to use class field declarations syntax in React classes?](#how-to-use-class-field-declarations-syntax-in-react-classes)|
|226| [What are hooks?](#what-are-hooks)|
|227| [What are the rules needs to follow for hooks?](#what-are-the-rules-needs-to-follow-for-hooks)|
|228| [How to ensure hooks followed the rules in your project?](#how-to-ensure-hooks-followed-the-rules-in-your-project)|
|229| [What are the differences between Flux and Redux?](#what-are-the-differences-between-flux-and-redux)|
|230| [What are the benefits of React Router V4?](#what-are-the-benefits-of-react-router-v4)|
|231| [Can you describe about componentDidCatch lifecycle method signature?](#can-you-describe-about-componentdidcatch-lifecycle-method-signature)|
|232| [In which scenarios error boundaries do not catch errors?](#in-which-scenarios-error-boundaries-do-not-catch-errors)|
|233| [Why do not you need error boundaries for event handlers?](#why-do-not-you-need-error-boundaries-for-event0-handlers)|
|234| [What is the difference between try cath block and error boundaries?](#what-is-the-difference-between-try-catch-block-and-error-boundaries)|
|235| [What is the behavior of uncaught errors in react 16?](#what-is-the-behavior-of-uncaught-errors-in-react-16)|
|236| [What is the proper placement for error boundaries?](#what-is-the-proper-placement-for-error-boundaries)|
|237| [What is the benefit of component stack trace from error boundary?](#what-is-the-benefit-of-component-stack-trace-from-error-boundary)|
|238| [What is the required method to be defined for a class component?](#what-is-the-required-method-to-be-defined-for-a-class-component)|
|239| [What are the possible return types of render method?](#what-are-the-possible-return-types-of-render-method)|
|240| [What is the main purpose of constructor?](#what-is-the-main-purpose-of-constructor)|
|241| [Is it mandatory to define constructor for React component?](#is-it-mandatory-to-define-constructor-for-react-component)|
|242| [What are default props?](#what-are-default-props)|
|243| [Why should not call setState in componentWillUnmount?](#why-should-not-call-setstate-in-componentwillunmount)|
|244| [What is the purpose of getDerivedStateFromError?](#what-is-the-purpose-of-getderivedstatefromerror)|
|245| [What is the methods order when component re-rendered?](#what-is-the-methods-order-when-component-re-rendered)|
|246| [What are the methods invoked during error handling?](#what-are-the-methods-invoked-during-error-handling)|
|247| [What is the purpose of displayName class property?](#what-is-the-purpose-of-displayname-class-property)|
|248| [What is the browser support for react applications?](#what-is-the-browser-support-for-react-applications)|
|249| [What is the purpose of unmountComponentAtNode method?](#what-is-the-purpose-of-unmountcomponentatNode-method)|
|250| [What is code-splitting?](#what-is-code-splitting)|
|251| [What is the benefit of strict mode?](#what-is-the-benefit-of-strict-mode)|
|252| [What are Keyed Fragments?](#what-are-keyed-fragments)|
|253| [Is it React support all HTML attributes?](#is-it-react-support-all-html-attributes)|
|254| [What are the limitations with HOCs?](#what-are-the-limitations-with-hocs)|
|255| [How to debug forwardRefs in DevTools?](#how-to-debug-forwardrefs-in-devtools)|
|256| [When component props defaults to true?](#when-component-props-defaults-to-true)|
|257| [What is NextJS and major features of it?](#what-is-nextjs-and-major-features-of-it)|
|258| [How do you pass an event handler to a component?](#how-do-you-pass-an-event-handler-to-a-component)|
|259| [Is it good to use arrow functions in render methods?](#is-it-good-to-use-arrow-functions-in-render-methods)|
|260| [How to prevent a function from being called multiple times?](#how-to-prevent-a-function-from-being-called-multiple-times)|
|261| [How JSX prevents Injection Attacks?](#how-jsx-prevents-injection-attacks)|
|262| [How do you update rendered elements?](#how-do-you-update-rendered-elements)|
|263| [How do you say that props are read only?](#how-do-you-say-that-props-are-read-only)|
|264| [How do you say that state updates are merged?](#how-do-you-say-that-state-updates-are-merged)|
|265| [How do you pass arguments to an event handler?](#how-do-you-pass-arguments-to-an-event-handler)|
|266| [How to prevent component from rendering?](#how-to-prevent-component-from-rendering)|
|267| [What are the conditions to safely use the index as a key?](#What-are-the-conditions-to-safely-use-the-index-as-a-key)|
|268| [Is it keys should be globally unique?](#is-it-keys-should-be-globally-unique)|
|269| [What is the popular choice for form handling?](#what-is-the-popular-choice-for-form-handling)|
|270| [What are the advantages of formik over redux form library?](#what-are-the-advantages-of-formik-over-redux-form-library)|
|271| [Why do you not required to use inheritance?](#why-do-you-not-required-to-use-inheritance)|
|272| [Can I use web components in react application?](#can-i-use-web-components-in-react-application)|
|273| [What is dynamic import?](#what-is-dynamic-import)|
|274| [What are loadable components?](#what-are-loadable-components)|
|275| [What is suspense component?](#what-is-suspense-component)|
|276| [What is route based code splitting?](#what-is-route-based-code-splitting)|
|277| [Give an example on How to use context?](#give-an-example-on-how-to-use-context)|
|278| [What is the purpose of default value in context?](#what-is-the-purpose-of-default-value-in-context)|
|279| [How do you use contextType?](#how-do-you-use-contexttype)|
|280| [What is a consumer?](#what-is-a-consumer)|
|281| [How do you solve performance corner cases while using context?](#how-do-you-solve-performance-corner-cases-while-using-context)|
|282| [What is the purpose of forward ref in HOCs?](#what-is-the-purpose-of-forward-ref-in-hocs)|
|283| [Is it ref argument available for all functions or class components?](#is-it-ref-argument-available-for-all-functions-or-class-components)|
|284| [Why do you need additional care for component libraries while using forward refs?](#why-do-you-need-additional-care-for-component-libraries-while-using-forward-refs)|
|285| [How to create react class components without ES6?](#how-to-create-react-class-components-without-es6)|
|286| [Is it possible to use react without JSX?](#is-it-possible-to-use-react-without-jsx)|
|287| [What is diffing algorithm?](#what-is-diffing-algorithm)|
|288| [What are the rules covered by diffing algorithm?](#what-are-the-rules-covered-by-diffing-algorithm)|
|289| [When do you need to use refs?](#when-do-you-need-to-use-refs)|
|290| [Is it prop must be named as render for render props?](#is-it-prop-must-be-named-as-render-for-render-props)|
|291| [What are the problems of using render props with pure components?](#what-are-the-problems-of-using-render-props-with-pure-components)|
|292| [How do you create HOC using render props?](#how-do-you-create-hoc-using-render-props)|
|293| [What is windowing technique?](#what-is-windowing-technique)|
|294| [How do you print falsy values in JSX?](#how-do-you-print-falsy-values-in-jsx)|
|295| [What is the typical use case of portals?](#what-is-the-typical-use-case-of-portals?)|
|296| [How do you set default value for uncontrolled component?](#how-do-you-set-default-value-for-uncontrolled-component)|
|297| [What is your favorite React stack?](#what-is-your-favorite-react-stack)|
|298| [What is the difference between Real DOM and Virtual DOM?](#what-is-the-difference-between-real-dom-and-virtual-dom)|
|299| [How to add a bootstrap for a react application?](#how-to-add-a-bootstrap-for-a-react-application)|
|300| [Can you list down top websites or applications using react as front end framework?](#can-you-list-down-top-websites-or-applications-using-react-as-front-end-framework)|
|301| [Is it recommended to use CSS In JS technique in React?](#is-it-recommended-to-use-css-in-js-technique-in-react)|
|302| [Do I need to rewrite all my class components with hooks?](#do-i-need-to-rewrite-all-my-class-components-with-hooks)|
|303| [How to fetch data with React Hooks?](#how-to-fetch-data-with-react-hooks)|
|304| [Is Hooks cover all use cases for classes?](#is-hooks-cover-all-use-cases-for-classes)|
## Core React
1. ### What is React?
React is an **open-source frontend JavaScript library** which is used for building user interfaces especially for single page applications. It is used for handling view layer for web and mobile apps. React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer working for Facebook. React was first deployed on Facebook's News Feed in 2011 and on Instagram in 2012.
2. ### What are the major features of React?
The major features of React are:
* It uses **VirtualDOM** instead RealDOM considering that RealDOM manipulations are expensive.
* Supports **server-side rendering**.
* Follows *Unidirectional** data flow or data binding.
* Uses **reusable/composable** UI components to develop the view.
3. ### What is JSX?
*JSX* is a XML-like syntax extension to ECMAScript (the acronym stands for *JavaScript XML*). Basically it just provides syntactic sugar for the `React.createElement()` function, giving us expressiveness of JavaScript along with HTML like template syntax.
In the example below text inside `
` tag return as JavaScript function to the render function.
```jsx harmony
class App extends React.Component {
render() {
return(
{'Welcome to React world!'}
)
}
}
```
4. ### What is the difference between Element and Component?
An *Element* is a plain object describing what you want to appear on the screen in terms of the DOM nodes or other components. *Elements* can contain other *Elements* in their props. Creating a React element is cheap. Once an element is created, it is never mutated.
The object representation of React Element would be as follows:
```javascript
const element = React.createElement(
'div',
{id: 'login-btn'},
'Login'
)
```
The above `React.createElement()` function returns an object:
```
{
type: 'div',
props: {
children: 'Login',
id: 'login-btn'
}
}
```
And finally it renders to the DOM using `ReactDOM.render()`:
```html
Login
```
Whereas a **component** can be declared in several different ways. It can be a class with a `render()` method. Alternatively, in simple cases, it can be defined as a function. In either case, it takes props as an input, and returns a JSX tree as the output:
```javascript
const Button = ({ onLogin }) =>
```
Then JSX gets transpiled to a `React.createElement()` function tree:
```javascript
const Button = ({ onLogin }) => React.createElement(
'div',
{ id: 'login-btn', onClick: onLogin },
'Login'
)
```
5. ### How to create components in React?
There are two possible ways to create a component.
1. **Function Components:** This is the simplest way to create a component. Those are pure JavaScript functions that accept props object as first parameter and return React elements:
```jsx harmony
function Greeting({ message }) {
return
{`Hello, ${message}`}
}
```
2. **Class Components:** You can also use ES6 class to define a component. The above function component can be written as:
```jsx harmony
class Greeting extends React.Component {
render() {
return
{`Hello, ${this.props.message}`}
}
}
```
6. ### When to use a Class Component over a Function Component?
If the component needs *state or lifecycle methods* then use class component otherwise use function component.
7. ### What are Pure Components?
*`React.PureComponent`* is exactly the same as *`React.Component`* except that it handles the `shouldComponentUpdate()` method for you. When props or state changes, *PureComponent* will do a shallow comparison on both props and state. *Component* on the other hand won't compare current props and state to next out of the box. Thus, the component will re-render by default whenever `shouldComponentUpdate` is called.
8. ### What is state in React?
*State* of a component is an object that holds some information that may change over the lifetime of the component. We should always try to make our state as simple as possible and minimize the number of stateful components. Let's create an user component with message state,
```jsx harmony
class User extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props)
this.state = {
message: 'Welcome to React world'
}
}
render() {
return (
{this.state.message}
)
}
}
```
State is similar to props, but it is private and fully controlled by the component. i.e, It is not accessible to any component other than the one that owns and sets it.
9. ### What are props in React?
*Props* are inputs to components. They are single values or objects containing a set of values that are passed to components on creation using a naming convention similar to HTML-tag attributes. They are data passed down from a parent component to a child component.
The primary purpose of props in React is to provide following component functionality:
1. Pass custom data to your component.
2. Trigger state changes.
3. Use via `this.props.reactProp` inside component's `render()` method.
For example, let us create an element with `reactProp` property:
```jsx harmony
```
This `reactProp` (or whatever you came up with) name then becomes a property attached to React's native props object which originally already exists on all components created using React library.
```
props.reactProp
```
10. ### What is the difference between state and props?
Both *props* and *state* are plain JavaScript objects. While both of them hold information that influences the output of render, they are different in their functionality with respect to component. Props get passed to the component similar to function parameters whereas state is managed within the component similar to variables declared within a function.
11. ### Why should we not update the state directly?
If you try to update state directly then it won't re-render the component.
```javascript
//Wrong
this.state.message = 'Hello world'
```
Instead use `setState()` method. It schedules an update to a component's state object. When state changes, the component responds by re-rendering.
```javascript
//Correct
this.setState({ message: 'Hello World' })
```
**Note:** You can directly assign to the state object either in *constructor* or using latest javascript's class field declaration syntax.
12. ### What is the purpose of callback function as an argument of `setState()`?
The callback function is invoked when setState finished and the component gets rendered. Since `setState()` is **asynchronous** the callback function is used for any post action.
**Note:** It is recommended to use lifecycle method rather than this callback function.
```javascript
setState({ name: 'John' }, () => console.log('The name has updated and component re-rendered'))
```
13. ### What is the difference between HTML and React event handling?
1. In HTML, the event name should be in *lowercase*:
```html
```
Whereas in React it follows *camelCase* convention:
```jsx harmony
```
2. In HTML, you can return `false` to prevent default behavior:
Whereas in React you must call `preventDefault()` explicitly:
```javascript
function handleClick(event) {
event.preventDefault()
console.log('The link was clicked.')
}
```
14. ### How to bind methods or event handlers in JSX callbacks?
There are 3 possible ways to achieve this:
1. **Binding in Constructor:** In JavaScript classes, the methods are not bound by default. The same thing applies for React event handlers defined as class methods. Normally we bind them in constructor.
```javascript
class Component extends React.Componenet {
constructor(props) {
super(props)
this.handleClick = this.handleClick.bind(this)
}
handleClick() {
// ...
}
}
```
2. **Public class fields syntax:** If you don't like to use bind approach then *public class fields syntax* can be used to correctly bind callbacks.
```jsx harmony
handleClick = () => {
console.log('this is:', this)
}
```
```jsx harmony
{'Click me'}
```
3. **Arrow functions in callbacks:** You can use *arrow functions* directly in the callbacks.
```jsx harmony
this.handleClick(event)}>
{'Click me'}
```
**Note:** If the callback is passed as prop to child components, those components might do an extra re-rendering. In those cases, it is preferred to go with `.bind()` or *public class fields syntax* approach considering performance.
15. ### How to pass a parameter to an event handler or callback?
You can use an *arrow function* to wrap around an *event handler* and pass parameters:
```jsx harmony
this.handleClick(id)} />
```
This is an equivalent to calling `.bind`:
```jsx harmony
```
16. ### What are synthetic events in React?
`SyntheticEvent` is a cross-browser wrapper around the browser's native event. It's API is same as the browser's native event, including `stopPropagation()` and `preventDefault()`, except the events work identically across all browsers.
17. ### What is inline conditional expressions?
You can use either *if statements* or *ternary expressions* which are available from JS to conditionally render expressions. Apart from these approaches, you can also embed any expressions in JSX by wrapping them in curly braces and then followed by JS logical operator `&&`.
```jsx harmony
Hello!
{
messages.length > 0 && !isLogin?
You have {messages.length} unread messages.
:
You don't have unread messages.
}
```
18. ### What are "key" props and what is the benefit of using them in arrays of elements?
A `key` is a special string attribute you **should** include when creating arrays of elements. *Keys* help React identify which items have changed, are added, or are removed.
Most often we use IDs from our data as *keys*:
```jsx harmony
const todoItems = todos.map((todo) =>
{todo.text}
)
```
When you don't have stable IDs for rendered items, you may use the item *index* as a *key* as a last resort:
```jsx harmony
const todoItems = todos.map((todo, index) =>
{todo.text}
)
```
**Note:**
1. Using *indexes* for *keys* is **not recommended** if the order of items may change. This can negatively impact performance and may cause issues with component state.
2. If you extract list item as separate component then apply *keys* on list component instead of `li` tag.
3. There will be a warning message in the console if the `key` prop is not present on list items.
19. ### What is the use of refs?
The *ref* is used to return a reference to the element. They *should be avoided* in most cases, however, they can be useful when you need a direct access to the DOM element or an instance of a component.
20. ### How to create refs?
There are two approaches
1. This is a recently added approach. *Refs* are created using `React.createRef()` method and attached to React elements via the `ref` attribute. In order to use *refs* throughout the component, just assign the *ref* to the instance property within constructor.
```jsx harmony
class MyComponent extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props)
this.myRef = React.createRef()
}
render() {
return
}
}
```
2. You can also use ref callbacks approach regardless of React version. For example, the search bar component's input element accessed as follows,
```jsx harmony
class SearchBar extends Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.txtSearch = null;
this.state = { term: '' };
this.setInputSearchRef = e => {
this.txtSearch = e;
}
}
onInputChange(event) {
this.setState({ term: this.txtSearch.value });
}
render() {
return (
);
}
}
```
You can also use *refs* in function components using **closures**.
**Note**: You can also use inline ref callbacks even though it is not a recommended approach
21. ### What are forward refs?
*Ref forwarding* is a feature that lets some components take a *ref* they receive, and pass it further down to a child.
```jsx harmony
const ButtonElement = React.forwardRef((props, ref) => (
{props.children}
));
// Create ref to the DOM button:
const ref = React.createRef();
{'Forward Ref'}
```
22. ### Which is preferred option with in callback refs and findDOMNode()?
It is preferred to use *callback refs* over `findDOMNode()` API. Because `findDOMNode()` prevents certain improvements in React in the future.
The **legacy** approach of using `findDOMNode`:
```javascript
class MyComponent extends Component {
componentDidMount() {
findDOMNode(this).scrollIntoView()
}
render() {
return
}
}
```
The recommended approach is:
```javascript
class MyComponent extends Component {
componentDidMount() {
this.node.scrollIntoView()
}
render() {
return
}
}
```
23. ### Why are String Refs legacy?
If you worked with React before, you might be familiar with an older API where the `ref` attribute is a string, like `ref={'textInput'}`, and the DOM node is accessed as `this.refs.textInput`. We advise against it because *string refs have below issues*, and are considered legacy. String refs were **removed in React v16**.
1. They *force React to keep track of currently executing component*. This is problematic because it makes react module stateful, and thus causes weird errors when react module is duplicated in the bundle.
2. They are *not composable* — if a library puts a ref on the passed child, the user can't put another ref on it. Callback refs are perfectly composable.
3. They *don't work with static analysis* like Flow. Flow can't guess the magic that framework does to make the string ref appear on `this.refs`, as well as its type (which could be different). Callback refs are friendlier to static analysis.
4. It doesn't work as most people would expect with the "render callback" pattern (e.g. )
```jsx harmony
class MyComponent extends Component {
renderRow = (index) => {
// This won't work. Ref will get attached to DataTable rather than MyComponent:
return ;
// This would work though! Callback refs are awesome.
return this['input-' + index] = input} />;
}
render() {
return
}
}
```
24. ### What is Virtual DOM?
The *Virtual DOM* (VDOM) is an in-memory representation of *Real DOM*. The representation of a UI is kept in memory and synced with the "real" DOM. It's a step that happens between the render function being called and the displaying of elements on the screen. This entire process is called *reconciliation*.
25. ### How Virtual DOM works?
The *Virtual DOM* works in three simple steps.
1. Whenever any underlying data changes, the entire UI is re-rendered in Virtual DOM representation.
2. Then the difference between the previous DOM representation and the new one is calculated.
3. Once the calculations are done, the real DOM will be updated with only the things that have actually changed.
26. ### What is the difference between Shadow DOM and Virtual DOM?
The *Shadow DOM* is a browser technology designed primarily for scoping variables and CSS in *web components*. The *Virtual DOM* is a concept implemented by libraries in JavaScript on top of browser APIs.
27. ### What is React Fiber?
Fiber is the new *reconciliation* engine or reimplementation of core algorithm in React v16. The goal of React Fiber is to increase its suitability for areas like animation, layout, gestures, ability to pause, abort, or reuse work and assign priority to different types of updates; and new concurrency primitives.
28. ### What is the main goal of React Fiber?
The goal of *React Fiber* is to increase its suitability for areas like animation, layout, and gestures. Its headline feature is **incremental rendering**: the ability to split rendering work into chunks and spread it out over multiple frames.
29. ### What are controlled components?
A component that controls the input elements within the forms on subsequent user input is called **Controlled Component**, i.e, every state mutation will have an associated handler function.
For example, to write all the names in uppercase letters, we use handleChange as below,
```javascript
handleChange(event) {
this.setState({value: event.target.value.toUpperCase()})
}
```
30. ### What are uncontrolled components?
The **Uncontrolled Components** are the ones that store their own state internally, and you query the DOM using a ref to find its current value when you need it. This is a bit more like traditional HTML.
In the below UserProfile component, the `name` input is accessed using ref.
```jsx harmony
class UserProfile extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props)
this.handleSubmit = this.handleSubmit.bind(this)
this.input = React.createRef()
}
handleSubmit(event) {
alert('A name was submitted: ' + this.input.current.value)
event.preventDefault()
}
render() {
return (
{'Name:'}
);
}
}
```
In most cases, it's recommend to use controlled components to implement forms.
31. ### What is the difference between createElement and cloneElement?
JSX elements will be transpiled to `React.createElement()` functions to create React elements which are going to be used for the object representation of UI. Whereas `cloneElement` is used to clone an element and pass it new props.
32. ### What is Lifting State Up in React?
When several components need to share the same changing data then it is recommended to *lift the shared state up* to their closest common ancestor. That means if two child components share the same data from its parent, then move the state to parent instead of maintaining local state in both of the child components.
33. ### What are the different phases of component lifecycle?
The component lifecycle has three distinct lifecycle phases:
1. **Mounting:** The component is ready to mount in the browser DOM. This phase covers initialization from `constructor()`, `getDerivedStateFromProps()`, `render()`, and `componentDidMount()` lifecycle methods.
2. **Updating:** In this phase, the component get updated in two ways, sending the new props and updating the state either from `setState()` or `forceUpdate()`. This phase covers `getDerivedStateFromProps()`, `shouldComponentUpdate()`, `render()`, `getSnapshotBeforeUpdate()` and `componentDidUpdate()` lifecycle methods.
3. **Unmounting:** In this last phase, the component is not needed and get unmounted from the browser DOM. This phase includes `componentWillUnmount()` lifecycle method.
It's worth mentioning that React internally has a concept of phases when applying changes to the DOM. They are separated as follows
1. **Render** The component will render without any side-effects. This applies for Pure components and in this phase, React can pause, abort, or restart the render.
2. **Pre-commit** Before the component actually applies the changes to the DOM, there is a moment that allows React to read from the DOM through the `getSnapshotBeforeUpdate()`.
3. **Commit** React works with the DOM and executes the final lifecycles respectively `componentDidMount()` for mounting, `componentDidUpdate()` for updating, and `componentWillUnmount()` for unmounting.
React 16.3+ Phases (or an [interactive version](http://projects.wojtekmaj.pl/react-lifecycle-methods-diagram/))
Before React 16.3
34. ### What are the lifecycle methods of React?
React 16.3+
- **getDerivedStateFromProps:** Invoked right before calling `render()` and is invoked on *every* render. This exists for rare use cases where you need derived state. Worth reading [if you need derived state](https://reactjs.org/blog/2018/06/07/you-probably-dont-need-derived-state.html).
- **componentDidMount:** Executed after first rendering and here all AJAX requests, DOM or state updates, and set up event listeners should occur.
- **shouldComponentUpdate:** Determines if the component will be updated or not. By default it returns `true`. If you are sure that the component doesn't need to render after state or props are updated, you can return false value. It is a great place to improve performance as it allows you to prevent a re-render if component receives new prop.
- **getSnapshotBeforeUpdate:** Executed right before rendered output is committed to the DOM. Any value returned by this will be passed into `componentDidUpdate()`. This is useful to capture information from the DOM i.e. scroll position.
- **componentDidUpdate:** Mostly it is used to update the DOM in response to prop or state changes. This will not fire if `shouldComponentUpdate()` returns `false`.
- **componentWillUnmount** It will be used to cancel any outgoing network requests, or remove all event listeners associated with the component.
Before 16.3
- **componentWillMount:** Executed before rendering and is used for App level configuration in your root component.
- **componentDidMount:** Executed after first rendering and here all AJAX requests, DOM or state updates, and set up event listeners should occur.
- **componentWillReceiveProps:** Executed when particular prop updates to trigger state transitions.
- **shouldComponentUpdate:** Determines if the component will be updated or not. By default it returns `true`. If you are sure that the component doesn't need to render after state or props are updated, you can return false value. It is a great place to improve performance as it allows you to prevent a re-render if component receives new prop.
- **componentWillUpdate:** Executed before re-rendering the component when there are props & state changes confirmed by `shouldComponentUpdate()` which returns true.
- **componentDidUpdate:** Mostly it is used to update the DOM in response to prop or state changes.
- **componentWillUnmount:** It will be used to cancel any outgoing network requests, or remove all event listeners associated with the component.
35. ### What are Higher-Order Components?
A *higher-order component* (*HOC*) is a function that takes a component and returns a new component. Basically, it's a pattern that is derived from React's compositional nature.
We call them **pure components** because they can accept any dynamically provided child component but they won't modify or copy any behavior from their input components.
```javascript
const EnhancedComponent = higherOrderComponent(WrappedComponent)
```
HOC can be used for many use cases:
1. Code reuse, logic and bootstrap abstraction.
2. Render hijacking.
3. State abstraction and manipulation.
4. Props manipulation.
36. ### How to create props proxy for HOC component?
You can add/edit props passed to the component using *props proxy* pattern like this:
```jsx harmony
function HOC(WrappedComponent) {
return class Test extends Component {
render() {
const newProps = {
title: 'New Header',
footer: false,
showFeatureX: false,
showFeatureY: true
}
return
}
}
}
```
37. ### What is context?
*Context* provides a way to pass data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level. For example, authenticated user, locale preference, UI theme need to be accessed in the application by many components.
```javascript
const {Provider, Consumer} = React.createContext(defaultValue)
```
38. ### What is children prop?
*Children* is a prop (`this.prop.children`) that allow you to pass components as data to other components, just like any other prop you use. Component tree put between component's opening and closing tag will be passed to that component as `children` prop.
There are a number of methods available in the React API to work with this prop. These include `React.Children.map`, `React.Children.forEach`, `React.Children.count`, `React.Children.only`, `React.Children.toArray`.
A simple usage of children prop looks as below,
```jsx harmony
const MyDiv = React.createClass({
render: function() {
return
}
})
ReactDOM.render(
{'Hello'}
{'World'}
,
node
)
```
39. ### How to write comments in React?
The comments in React/JSX are similar to JavaScript Multiline comments but are wrapped in curly braces.
**Single-line comments:**
```jsx harmony
{/* Single-line comments(In vanilla JavaScript, the single-line comments are represented by double slash(//)) */}
{`Welcome ${user}, let's play React`}
```
**Multi-line comments:**
```jsx harmony
{/* Multi-line comments for more than
one line */}
{`Welcome ${user}, let's play React`}
```
40. ### What is the purpose of using super constructor with props argument?
A child class constructor cannot make use of `this` reference until `super()` method has been called. The same applies for ES6 sub-classes as well. The main reason of passing props parameter to `super()` call is to access `this.props` in your child constructors.
**Passing props:**
```javascript
class MyComponent extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props)
console.log(this.props) // prints { name: 'John', age: 42 }
}
}
```
**Not passing props:**
```javascript
class MyComponent extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super()
console.log(this.props) // prints undefined
// but props parameter is still available
console.log(props) // prints { name: 'John', age: 42 }
}
render() {
// no difference outside constructor
console.log(this.props) // prints { name: 'John', age: 42 }
}
}
```
The above code snippets reveals that `this.props` is different only within the constructor. It would be the same outside the constructor.
41. ### What is reconciliation?
When a component's props or state change, React decides whether an actual DOM update is necessary by comparing the newly returned element with the previously rendered one. When they are not equal, React will update the DOM. This process is called *reconciliation*.
42. ### How to set state with a dynamic key name?
If you are using ES6 or the Babel transpiler to transform your JSX code then you can accomplish this with *computed property names*.
```javascript
handleInputChange(event) {
this.setState({ [event.target.id]: event.target.value })
}
```
43. ### What would be the common mistake of function being called every time the component renders?
You need to make sure that function is not being called while passing the function as a parameter.
```jsx harmony
render() {
// Wrong: handleClick is called instead of passed as a reference!
return {'Click Me'}
}
```
Instead, pass the function itself without parenthesis:
```jsx harmony
render() {
// Correct: handleClick is passed as a reference!
return {'Click Me'}
}
```
44. ### Why is it necessary to capitalize component names?
It is necessary because components are not DOM elements, they are constructors. Also, in JSX lowercase tag names are referring to HTML elements, not components.
45. ### Why React uses `className` over `class` attribute?
`class` is a keyword in JavaScript, and JSX is an extension of JavaScript. That's the principal reason why React uses `className` instead of `class`. Pass a string as the `className` prop.
```jsx harmony
render() {
return {'Menu'}
}
```
46. ### What are fragments?
It's common pattern in React which is used for a component to return multiple elements. *Fragments* let you group a list of children without adding extra nodes to the DOM.
```jsx harmony
render() {
return (
)
}
```
There is also a *shorter syntax*, but it's not supported in many tools:
```jsx harmony
render() {
return (
<>
>
)
}
```
47. ### Why fragments are better than container divs?
1. Fragments are a bit faster and use less memory by not creating an extra DOM node. This only has a real benefit on very large and deep trees.
2. Some CSS mechanisms like *Flexbox* and *CSS Grid* have a special parent-child relationships, and adding divs in the middle makes it hard to keep the desired layout.
3. The DOM Inspector is less cluttered.
48. ### What are portals in React?
*Portal* is a recommended way to render children into a DOM node that exists outside the DOM hierarchy of the parent component.
```javascript
ReactDOM.createPortal(child, container)
```
The first argument is any render-able React child, such as an element, string, or fragment. The second argument is a DOM element.
49. ### What are stateless components?
If the behaviour is independent of its state then it can be a stateless component. You can use either a function or a class for creating stateless components. But unless you need to use a lifecycle hook in your components, you should go for function components. There are a lot of benefits if you decide to use function components here; they are easy to write, understand, and test, a little faster, and you can avoid the `this` keyword altogether.
50. ### What are stateful components?
If the behaviour of a component is dependent on the *state* of the component then it can be termed as stateful component. These *stateful components* are always *class components* and have a state that gets initialized in the `constructor`.
```javascript
class App extends Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props)
this.state = { count: 0 }
}
render() {
// ...
}
}
```
51. ### How to apply validation on props in React?
When the application is running in *development mode*, React will automatically check all props that we set on components to make sure they have *correct type*. If the type is incorrect, React will generate warning messages in the console. It's disabled in *production mode* due performance impact. The mandatory props are defined with `isRequired`.
The set of predefined prop types:
1. `PropTypes.number`
2. `PropTypes.string`
3. `PropTypes.array`
4. `PropTypes.object`
5. `PropTypes.func`
6. `PropTypes.node`
7. `PropTypes.element`
8. `PropTypes.bool`
9. `PropTypes.symbol`
10. `PropTypes.any`
We can define `propTypes` for `User` component as below:
```jsx harmony
import React from 'react'
import PropTypes from 'prop-types'
class User extends React.Component {
static propTypes = {
name: PropTypes.string.isRequired,
age: PropTypes.number.isRequired
}
render() {
return (
<>
{`Welcome, ${this.props.name}`}
{`Age, ${this.props.age}`}
>
)
}
}
```
**Note:** In React v15.5 *PropTypes* were moved from `React.PropTypes` to `prop-types` library.
52. ### What are the advantages of React?
1. Increases the application's performance with *Virtual DOM*.
2. JSX makes code easy to read and write.
3. It renders both on client and server side (*SSR*).
4. Easy to integrate with frameworks (Angular, Backbone) since it is only a view library.
5. Easy to write unit and integration tests with tools such as Jest.
53. ### What are the limitations of React?
1. React is just a view library, not a full framework.
2. There is a learning curve for beginners who are new to web development.
3. Integrating React into a traditional MVC framework requires some additional configuration.
4. The code complexity increases with inline templating and JSX.
5. Too many smaller components leading to over engineering or boilerplate.
54. ### What are error boundaries in React v16?
*Error boundaries* are components that catch JavaScript errors anywhere in their child component tree, log those errors, and display a fallback UI instead of the component tree that crashed.
A class component becomes an error boundary if it defines a new lifecycle method called `componentDidCatch(error, info)` or `static getDerivedStateFromError() `:
```jsx harmony
class ErrorBoundary extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props)
this.state = { hasError: false }
}
componentDidCatch(error, info) {
// You can also log the error to an error reporting service
logErrorToMyService(error, info)
}
static getDerivedStateFromError(error) {
// Update state so the next render will show the fallback UI.
return { hasError: true };
}
render() {
if (this.state.hasError) {
// You can render any custom fallback UI
return
{'Something went wrong.'}
}
return this.props.children
}
}
```
After that use it as a regular component:
```jsx harmony
```
55. ### How error boundaries handled in React v15?
React v15 provided very basic support for *error boundaries* using `unstable_handleError` method. It has been renamed to `componentDidCatch` in React v16.
56. ### What are the recommended ways for static type checking?
Normally we use *PropTypes library* (`React.PropTypes` moved to a `prop-types` package since React v15.5) for *type checking* in the React applications. For large code bases, it is recommended to use *static type checkers* such as Flow or TypeScript, that perform type checking at compile time and provide auto-completion features.
57. ### What is the use of `react-dom` package?
The `react-dom` package provides *DOM-specific methods* that can be used at the top level of your app. Most of the components are not required to use this module. Some of the methods of this package are:
1. `render()`
2. `hydrate()`
3. `unmountComponentAtNode()`
4. `findDOMNode()`
5. `createPortal()`
58. ### What is the purpose of render method of `react-dom`?
This method is used to render a React element into the DOM in the supplied container and return a reference to the component. If the React element was previously rendered into container, it will perform an update on it and only mutate the DOM as necessary to reflect the latest changes.
```
ReactDOM.render(element, container[, callback])
```
If the optional callback is provided, it will be executed after the component is rendered or updated.
59. ### What is ReactDOMServer?
The `ReactDOMServer` object enables you to render components to static markup (typically used on node server). This object is mainly used for *server-side rendering* (SSR). The following methods can be used in both the server and browser environments:
1. `renderToString()`
2. `renderToStaticMarkup()`
For example, you generally run a Node-based web server like Express, Hapi, or Koa, and you call `renderToString` to render your root component to a string, which you then send as response.
```javascript
// using Express
import { renderToString } from 'react-dom/server'
import MyPage from './MyPage'
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
res.write('My Page')
res.write('
res.write(renderToString())
res.write('
res.end()
})
```
60. ### How to use innerHTML in React?
The `dangerouslySetInnerHTML` attribute is React's replacement for using `innerHTML` in the browser DOM. Just like `innerHTML`, it is risky to use this attribute considering cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. You just need to pass a `__html` object as key and HTML text as value.
In this example MyComponent uses `dangerouslySetInnerHTML` attribute for setting HTML markup:
```jsx harmony
function createMarkup() {
return { __html: 'First · Second' }
}
function MyComponent() {
return
}
```
61. ### How to use styles in React?
The `style` attribute accepts a JavaScript object with camelCased properties rather than a CSS string. This is consistent with the DOM style JavaScript property, is more efficient, and prevents XSS security holes.
```jsx harmony
const divStyle = {
color: 'blue',
backgroundImage: 'url(' + imgUrl + ')'
};
function HelloWorldComponent() {
return
}
```
Style keys are camelCased in order to be consistent with accessing the properties on DOM nodes in JavaScript (e.g. `node.style.backgroundImage`).
62. ### How events are different in React?
Handling events in React elements has some syntactic differences:
1. React event handlers are named using camelCase, rather than lowercase.
2. With JSX you pass a function as the event handler, rather than a string.
63. ### What will happen if you use `setState()` in constructor?
When you use `setState()`, then apart from assigning to the object state React also re-renders the component and all its children. You would get error like this: *Can only update a mounted or mounting component.* So we need to use `this.state` to initialize variables inside constructor.
64. ### What is the impact of indexes as keys?
Keys should be stable, predictable, and unique so that React can keep track of elements.
In the below code snippet each element's key will be based on ordering, rather than tied to the data that is being represented. This limits the optimizations that React can do.
```jsx harmony
{todos.map((todo, index) =>
)}
```
If you use element data for unique key, assuming todo.id is unique to this list and stable, React would be able to reorder elements without needing to reevaluate them as much.
```jsx harmony
{todos.map((todo) =>
)}
```
65. ### Is it good to use `setState()` in `componentWillMount()` method?
It is recommended to avoid async initialization in `componentWillMount()` lifecycle method. `componentWillMount()` is invoked immediately before mounting occurs. It is called before `render()`, therefore setting state in this method will not trigger a re-render. Avoid introducing any side-effects or subscriptions in this method. We need to make sure async calls for component initialization happened in `componentDidMount()` instead of `componentWillMount()`.
```jsx harmony
componentDidMount() {
axios.get(`api/todos`)
.then((result) => {
this.setState({
messages: [...result.data]
})
})
}
```
66. ### What will happen if you use props in initial state?
If the props on the component are changed without the component being refreshed, the new prop value will never be displayed because the constructor function will never update the current state of the component. The initialization of state from props only runs when the component is first created.
The below component won't display the updated input value:
```jsx harmony
class MyComponent extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props)
this.state = {
records: [],
inputValue: this.props.inputValue
};
}
render() {
return
}
}
```
Using props inside render method will update the value:
```jsx harmony
class MyComponent extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props)
this.state = {
record: []
}
}
render() {
return
}
}
```
67. ### How do you conditionally render components?
In some cases you want to render different components depending on some state. JSX does not render `false` or `undefined`, so you can use conditional *short-circuiting* to render a given part of your component only if a certain condition is true.
```jsx harmony
const MyComponent = ({ name, address }) => (
{name}
{address &&
{address}
}
)
```
If you need an `if-else` condition then use *ternary operator*.
```jsx harmony
const MyComponent = ({ name, address }) => (
{name}
{address
?
{address}
:
{'Address is not available'}
}
)
```
68. ### Why we need to be careful when spreading props on DOM elements?
When we *spread props* we run into the risk of adding unknown HTML attributes, which is a bad practice. Instead we can use prop destructuring with `...rest` operator, so it will add only required props. For example,
```jsx harmony
const ComponentA = () =>
const ComponentB = ({ isDisplay, ...domProps }) =>
```
69. ### How you use decorators in React?
You can *decorate* your *class* components, which is the same as passing the component into a function. **Decorators** are flexible and readable way of modifying component functionality.
```jsx harmony
@setTitle('Profile')
class Profile extends React.Component {
//....
}
/*
title is a string that will be set as a document title
WrappedComponent is what our decorator will receive when
put directly above a component class as seen in the example above
*/
const setTitle = (title) => (WrappedComponent) => {
return class extends React.Component {
componentDidMount() {
document.title = title
}
render() {
return
}
}
}
```
**Note:** Decorators are a feature that didn't make it into ES7, but are currently a *stage 2 proposal*.
70. ### How do you memoize a component?
There are memoize libraries available which can be used on function components. For example `moize` library can memoize the component in another component.
```jsx harmony
import moize from 'moize'
import Component from './components/Component' // this module exports a non-memoized component
const MemoizedFoo = moize.react(Component)
const Consumer = () => {
{'I will memoize the following entry:'}
}
```
71. ### How you implement Server Side Rendering or SSR?
React is already equipped to handle rendering on Node servers. A special version of the DOM renderer is available, which follows the same pattern as on the client side.
```jsx harmony
import ReactDOMServer from 'react-dom/server'
import App from './App'
ReactDOMServer.renderToString()
```
This method will output the regular HTML as a string, which can be then placed inside a page body as part of the server response. On the client side, React detects the pre-rendered content and seamlessly picks up where it left off.
72. ### How to enable production mode in React?
You should use Webpack's `DefinePlugin` method to set `NODE_ENV` to `production`, by which it strip out things like propType validation and extra warnings. Apart from this, if you minify the code, for example, Uglify's dead-code elimination to strip out development only code and comments, it will drastically reduce the size of your bundle.
73. ### What is CRA and its benefits?
The `create-react-app` CLI tool allows you to quickly create & run React applications with no configuration step.
Let's create Todo App using *CRA*:
```console
# Installation
$ npm install -g create-react-app
# Create new project
$ create-react-app todo-app
$ cd todo-app
# Build, test and run
$ npm run build
$ npm run test
$ npm start
```
It includes everything we need to build a React app:
1. React, JSX, ES6, and Flow syntax support.
2. Language extras beyond ES6 like the object spread operator.
3. Autoprefixed CSS, so you don’t need -webkit- or other prefixes.
4. A fast interactive unit test runner with built-in support for coverage reporting.
5. A live development server that warns about common mistakes.
6. A build script to bundle JS, CSS, and images for production, with hashes and sourcemaps.
74. ### What is the lifecycle methods order in mounting?
The lifecycle methods are called in the following order when an instance of a component is being created and inserted into the DOM.
1. `constructor()`
2. `static getDerivedStateFromProps()`
3. `render()`
4. `componentDidMount()`
75. ### What are the lifecycle methods going to be deprecated in React v16?
The following lifecycle methods going to be unsafe coding practices and will be more problematic with async rendering.
1. `componentWillMount()`
2. `componentWillReceiveProps()`
3. `componentWillUpdate()`
Starting with React v16.3 these methods are aliased with `UNSAFE_` prefix, and the unprefixed version will be removed in React v17.
76. ### What is the purpose of `getDerivedStateFromProps()` lifecycle method?
The new static `getDerivedStateFromProps()` lifecycle method is invoked after a component is instantiated as well as before it is re-rendered. It can return an object to update state, or `null` to indicate that the new props do not require any state updates.
```javascript
class MyComponent extends React.Component {
static getDerivedStateFromProps(props, state) {
// ...
}
}
```
This lifecycle method along with `componentDidUpdate()` covers all the use cases of `componentWillReceiveProps()`.
77. ### What is the purpose of `getSnapshotBeforeUpdate()` lifecycle method?
The new `getSnapshotBeforeUpdate()` lifecycle method is called right before DOM updates. The return value from this method will be passed as the third parameter to `componentDidUpdate()`.
```javascript
class MyComponent extends React.Component {
getSnapshotBeforeUpdate(prevProps, prevState) {
// ...
}
}
```
This lifecycle method along with `componentDidUpdate()` covers all the use cases of `componentWillUpdate()`.
78. ### What is the difference between createElement() and cloneElement() methods?
In JSX the React element is transpiled to `React.createElement()` which represents an UI element. Whereas `React.cloneElement()` is used in order to clone an element and pass it new props.
79. ### What is the recommended way for naming components?
It is recommended to name the component by reference instead of using `displayName`.
Using `displayName` for naming component:
```javascript
export default React.createClass({
displayName: 'TodoApp',
// ...
})
```
The **recommended** approach:
```javascript
export default class TodoApp extends React.Component {
// ...
}
```
80. ### What is the recommended ordering of methods in component class?
*Recommended* ordering of methods from *mounting* to *render stage*:
1. `static` methods
2. `constructor()`
3. `getChildContext()`
4. `componentWillMount()`
5. `componentDidMount()`
6. `componentWillReceiveProps()`
7. `shouldComponentUpdate()`
8. `componentWillUpdate()`
9. `componentDidUpdate()`
10. `componentWillUnmount()`
11. click handlers or event handlers like `onClickSubmit()` or `onChangeDescription()`
12. getter methods for render like `getSelectReason()` or `getFooterContent()`
13. optional render methods like `renderNavigation()` or `renderProfilePicture()`
14. `render()`
81. ### What is a switching component?
A *switching component* is a component that renders one of many components. We need to use object to map prop values to components.
For example, a switching component to display different pages based on `page` prop:
```jsx harmony
import HomePage from './HomePage'
import AboutPage from './AboutPage'
import ServicesPage from './ServicesPage'
import ContactPage from './ContactPage'
const PAGES = {
home: HomePage,
about: AboutPage,
services: ServicesPage,
contact: ContactPage
}
const Page = (props) => {
const Handler = PAGES[props.page] || ContactPage
return
}
// The keys of the PAGES object can be used in the prop types to catch dev-time errors.
Page.propTypes = {
page: PropTypes.oneOf(Object.keys(PAGES)).isRequired
}
```
82. ### Why we need to pass a function to setState()?
The reason behind for this is that `setState()` is an asynchronous operation. React batches state changes for performance reasons, so the state may not change immediately after `setState()` is called. That means you should not rely on the current state when calling `setState()` since you can't be sure what that state will be. The solution is to pass a function to `setState()`, with the previous state as an argument. By doing this you can avoid issues with the user getting the old state value on access due to the asynchronous nature of `setState()`.
Let's say the initial count value is zero. After three consecutive increment operations, the value is going to be incremented only by one.
```javascript
// assuming this.state.count === 0
this.setState({ count: this.state.count + 1 })
this.setState({ count: this.state.count + 1 })
this.setState({ count: this.state.count + 1 })
// this.state.count === 1, not 3
```
If we pass a function to `setState()`, the count gets incremented correctly.
```javascript
this.setState((prevState, props) => ({
count: prevState.count + props.increment
}))
// this.state.count === 3 as expected
```
83. ### What is strict mode in React?
`React.StrictMode` is an useful component for highlighting potential problems in an application. Just like ``, `` does not render any extra DOM elements. It activates additional checks and warnings for its descendants. These checks apply for *development mode* only.
```jsx harmony
import React from 'react'
function ExampleApplication() {
return (
)
}
```
In the example above, the *strict mode* checks apply to `` and `` components only.
84. ### What are React Mixins?
*Mixins* are a way to totally separate components to have a common functionality. Mixins are **should not be used** and can be replaced with *higher-order components* or *decorators*.
One of the most commonly used mixins is `PureRenderMixin`. You might be using it in some components to prevent unnecessary re-renders when the props and state are shallowly equal to the previous props and state:
```javascript
const PureRenderMixin = require('react-addons-pure-render-mixin')
const Button = React.createClass({
mixins: [PureRenderMixin],
// ...
})
````
85. ### Why is `isMounted()` an anti-pattern and what is the proper solution?
The primary use case for `isMounted()` is to avoid calling `setState()` after a component has been unmounted, because it will emit a warning.
```javascript
if (this.isMounted()) {
this.setState({...})
}
```
Checking `isMounted()` before calling `setState()` does eliminate the warning, but it also defeats the purpose of the warning. Using `isMounted()` is a code smell because the only reason you would check is because you think you might be holding a reference after the component has unmounted.
An optimal solution would be to find places where `setState()` might be called after a component has unmounted, and fix them. Such situations most commonly occur due to callbacks, when a component is waiting for some data and gets unmounted before the data arrives. Ideally, any callbacks should be canceled in `componentWillUnmount()`, prior to unmounting.
86. ### What are the Pointer Events supported in React?
*Pointer Events* provide a unified way of handling all input events. In the olden days we have a mouse and respective event listeners to handle them but nowadays we have many devices which don't correlate to having a mouse, like phones with touch surface or pens. We need to remember that these events will only work in browsers that support the *Pointer Events* specification.
The following event types are now available in *React DOM*:
1. `onPointerDown`
2. `onPointerMove`
3. `onPointerUp`
4. `onPointerCancel`
5. `onGotPointerCapture`
6. `onLostPointerCaptur`
7. `onPointerEnter`
8. `onPointerLeave`
9. `onPointerOver`
10. `onPointerOut`
87. ### Why should component names start with capital letter?
If you are rendering your component using JSX, the name of that component has to begin with a capital letter otherwise React will throw an error as unrecognized tag. This convention is because only HTML elements and SVG tags can begin with a lowercase letter.
You can define component class which name starts with lowercase letter, but when it's imported it should have capital letter. Here lowercase is fine:
```jsx harmony
class myComponent extends Component {
render() {
return
}
}
export default myComponent
```
While when imported in another file it should start with capital letter:
```jsx harmony
import MyComponent from './MyComponent'
```
88. ### Are custom DOM attributes supported in React v16?
Yes. In the past, React used to ignore unknown DOM attributes. If you wrote JSX with an attribute that React doesn't recognize, React would just skip it. For example, this:
```jsx harmony
```
Would render an empty div to the DOM with React v15:
```html
```
In React v16 any unknown attributes will end up in the DOM:
```html
```
This is useful for supplying browser-specific non-standard attributes, trying new DOM APIs, and integrating with opinionated third-party libraries.
89. ### What is the difference between constructor and getInitialState?
You should initialize state in the constructor when using ES6 classes, and `getInitialState()` method when using `React.createClass()`.
Using ES6 classes:
```javascript
class MyComponent extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props)
this.state = { /* initial state */ }
}
}
```
Using `React.createClass()`:
```javascript
const MyComponent = React.createClass({
getInitialState() {
return { /* initial state */ }
}
})
```
**Note:** `React.createClass()` is deprecated and removed in React v16. Use plain JavaScript classes instead.
90. ### Can you force a component to re-render without calling setState?
By default, when your component's state or props change, your component will re-render. If your `render()` method depends on some other data, you can tell React that the component needs re-rendering by calling `forceUpdate()`.
```javascript
component.forceUpdate(callback)
```
It is recommended to avoid all uses of `forceUpdate()` and only read from `this.props` and `this.state` in `render()`.
91. ### What is the difference between `super()` and `super(props)` in React using ES6 classes?
When you want to access `this.props` in `constructor()` then you should pass props to `super()` method.
Using `super(props)`:
```javascript
class MyComponent extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props)
console.log(this.props) // { name: 'John', ... }
}
}
```
Using `super()`:
```javascript
class MyComponent extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super()
console.log(this.props) // undefined
}
}
```
Outside `constructor()` both will display same value for `this.props`.
92. ### How to loop inside JSX?
You can simply use `Array.prototype.map` with ES6 *arrow function* syntax. For example, the `items` array of objects is mapped into an array of components:
```jsx harmony
{items.map(item => )}
```
You can't iterate using `for` loop:
```jsx harmony
for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
}
```
This is because JSX tags are transpiled into *function calls*, and you can't use statements inside expressions. This may change thanks to `do` expressions which are *stage 1 proposal*.
93. ### How do you access props in attribute quotes?
React (or JSX) doesn't support variable interpolation inside an attribute value. The below representation won't work:
```jsx harmony
```
But you can put any JS expression inside curly braces as the entire attribute value. So the below expression works:
```jsx harmony
```
Using *template strings* will also work:
```jsx harmony
```
94. ### What is React proptype array with shape?
If you want to pass an array of objects to a component with a particular shape then use `React.PropTypes.shape()` as an argument to `React.PropTypes.arrayOf()`.
```javascript
ReactComponent.propTypes = {
arrayWithShape: React.PropTypes.arrayOf(React.PropTypes.shape({
color: React.PropTypes.string.isRequired,
fontSize: React.PropTypes.number.isRequired
})).isRequired
}
```
95. ### How conditionally apply class attributes?
You shouldn't use curly braces inside quotes because it is going to be evaluated as a string.
```jsx harmony
```
Instead you need to move curly braces outside (don't forget to include spaces between class names):
```jsx harmony
```
*Template strings* will also work:
```jsx harmony
```
96. ### What is the difference between React and ReactDOM?
The `react` package contains `React.createElement()`, `React.Component`, `React.Children`, and other helpers related to elements and component classes. You can think of these as the isomorphic or universal helpers that you need to build components. The `react-dom` package contains `ReactDOM.render()`, and in `react-dom/server` we have *server-side rendering* support with `ReactDOMServer.renderToString()` and `ReactDOMServer.renderToStaticMarkup()`.
97. ### Why ReactDOM is separated from React?
The React team worked on extracting all DOM-related features into a separate library called *ReactDOM*. React v0.14 is the first release in which the libraries are split. By looking at some of the packages, `react-native`, `react-art`, `react-canvas`, and `react-three`, it has become clear that the beauty and essence of React has nothing to do with browsers or the DOM. To build more environments that React can render to, React team planned to split the main React package into two: `react` and `react-dom`. This paves the way to writing components that can be shared between the web version of React and React Native.
98. ### How to use React label element?
If you try to render a `` element bound to a text input using the standard `for` attribute, then it produces HTML missing that attribute and prints a warning to the console.
```jsx harmony
{'User'}
```
Since `for` is a reserved keyword in JavaScript, use `htmlFor` instead.
```jsx harmony
{'User'}
```
99. ### How to combine multiple inline style objects?
You can use *spread operator* in regular React:
```jsx harmony
{'Submit'}
```
If you're using React Native then you can use the array notation:
```jsx harmony
{'Submit'}
```
100. ### How to re-render the view when the browser is resized?
You can listen to the `resize` event in `componentDidMount()` and then update the dimensions (`width` and `height`). You should remove the listener in `componentWillUnmount()` method.
```javascript
class WindowDimensions extends React.Component {
componentWillMount() {
this.updateDimensions()
}
componentDidMount() {
window.addEventListener('resize', this.updateDimensions)
}
componentWillUnmount() {
window.removeEventListener('resize', this.updateDimensions)
}
updateDimensions() {
this.setState({width: $(window).width(), height: $(window).height()})
}
render() {
return {this.state.width} x {this.state.height}
}
}
```
101. ### What is the difference between `setState()` and `replaceState()` methods?
When you use `setState()` the current and previous states are merged. `replaceState()` throws out the current state, and replaces it with only what you provide. Usually `setState()` is used unless you really need to remove all previous keys for some reason. You can also set state to `false`/`null` in `setState()` instead of using `replaceState()`.
102. ### How to listen to state changes?
The following lifecycle methods will be called when state changes. You can compare provided state and props values with current state and props to determine if something meaningful changed.
```
componentWillUpdate(object nextProps, object nextState)
componentDidUpdate(object prevProps, object prevState)
```
103. ### What is the recommended approach of removing an array element in React state?
The better approach is to use `Array.prototype.filter()` method.
For example, let's create a `removeItem()` method for updating the state.
```javascript
removeItem(index) {
this.setState({
data: this.state.data.filter((item, i) => i !== index)
})
}
```
104. ### Is it possible to use React without rendering HTML?
It is possible with latest version (>=16.2). Below are the possible options:
```jsx harmony
render() {
return false
}
```
```jsx harmony
render() {
return null
}
```
```jsx harmony
render() {
return []
}
```
```jsx harmony
render() {
return
}
```
```jsx harmony
render() {
return <>>
}
```
Returning `undefined` won't work.
105. ### How to pretty print JSON with React?
We can use `
` tag so that the formatting of the `JSON.stringify()` is retained:```jsx harmony
const data = { name: 'John', age: 42 }class User extends React.Component {
render() {
return (
{JSON.stringify(data, null, 2)}
)
}
}React.render(, document.getElementById('container'))
```106. ### Why you can't update props in React?
The React philosophy is that props should be *immutable* and *top-down*. This means that a parent can send any prop values to a child, but the child can't modify received props.
107. ### How to focus an input element on page load?
You can do it by creating *ref* for `input` element and using it in `componentDidMount()`:
```jsx harmony
class App extends React.Component{
componentDidMount() {
this.nameInput.foc