https://github.com/silvestrevivo/terminal-mac-cheatsheet
List of the most used commands and shortcuts in the terminal for Mac
https://github.com/silvestrevivo/terminal-mac-cheatsheet
iterm2 shortcuts terminal terminal-mac unix-command
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List of the most used commands and shortcuts in the terminal for Mac
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/silvestrevivo/terminal-mac-cheatsheet
- Owner: silvestrevivo
- Created: 2018-04-19T20:20:10.000Z (about 7 years ago)
- Default Branch: master
- Last Pushed: 2018-10-11T10:19:21.000Z (over 6 years ago)
- Last Synced: 2025-01-25T14:23:17.875Z (5 months ago)
- Topics: iterm2, shortcuts, terminal, terminal-mac, unix-command
- Homepage:
- Size: 13.7 KB
- Stars: 4
- Watchers: 2
- Forks: 0
- Open Issues: 0
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
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README
Terminal mac-cheatsheet
The terminal has two first things to learn: _The prompt_ `$` is where you type the commands to execute, and the _root_ `~` is just the **root user folder**. There are _three_ types of commands:
- Single: `$ date` => _$ command_
- With extra: `$ echo "message"` => _$ command + extra_
- With action and something extra: `$ cal 01 2018` => _$ command + (-option) + (something extra)_
Some examples of them:
```js
$ whoami => Prints out owner name of terminal
$ date => do 19 apr 2018 21:34:12 CEST
$ date -u => vr 20 apr 2018 11:07:38 UTC
$ cal => Current month
$ cal 01 2018 => First month of 2018
$ killall => Closes application
$ echo "message" => Prints out 'message' on terminal
$ echo "message "=> Prints message in two lines
$ echo "in two lines"
$ echo $USER => Prints out owner name of terminal
$ echo $HOME => Prints out root user directory
$ say "message" => The computer says the 'message' aloud
$ man [command] => Opens the manual for that command
$ clear => Cleans the terminal
$ reset => Resets de terminal display
$ top => Displays active processes: `q` to quit
$ exit => End of terminal session
```
---
## SHORTCUTS
| Key/Command | Description |
| :------------------------: | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Tab | Auto-complete files and folders names |
| Ctrl + A | Goes to the beginning of the line where you are currently working on |
| Ctrl + E | Goes to the end of the line where you are currently working on |
| Ctrl + Q, Ctrl + U | Clears the current line |
| Ctrl + W, Cmnd + Shift + ← | Cuts one word backward using white space as delimiter |
| Ctrl + K | Clears the line after cursor |
| Ctrl + L | Cleans the terminal no deleting content |
| Cmnd + K | Cleans de terminal deleting content |
| Ctrl + C | Kills whatever you are runing |
| Alt + → | Moves cursor one word forward |
| Alt + ← | Moves cursor one word backward |
| Ctrl + D | Exits the current shell |
## NAVIGATION
| Key/Command | Description |
| :---------: | --------------------------------- |
| . | current directory |
| .. | Parent directory |
| cd .. | Moves one level up |
| cd ../.. | Moves two levels up |
| cd, cd ~ | Moves to user directory |
| cd / | Moves to root of drive directory |
| cd [folder] | Gets into directory |
| cd - | Goes to previous directory |
| pwd | Gets current path directory |
| open . | Opens current directory on Finder |
## LIST
| Key/Command | Description |
| :---------: | ------------------------------------------- |
| ls | Short listing |
| ls -l | Long listing |
| ls -a | Listing including hidden files |
| ls -t | Listing by update |
| ls -lh | Long listing with Human readable file sizes |
| ls -F | Listing folders and executable files |
| ls -S | Listing files sorted by size |
| ls -A | Listing files sorted in alphabetical order |
| ls -althFS | Combining all previous options |
| ls [folder] | Listing a folder one level up |
---
When we type `ls -l` the result has the next pattern:
```
drwxr-xr-x 5 cc eng 4096 Jun 24 16:51 action
drwxr-xr-x 4 cc eng 4096 Jun 24 16:51 comedy
drwxr-xr-x 6 cc eng 4096 Jun 24 16:51 drama
-rw-r--r-- 1 cc eng 0 Jun 24 16:51 genres.txt
```
Each column means:
| drwxr-xr-x 5 | cc | eng | 4096 | Jun 24 16:51 | action |
| :------------------------: | :-------: | :--------: | :--: | :---------------: | :-------: |
| writable/readable/editable | user name | group file | size | last modification | file name |
---
## FILES MANAGEMENT
| Key/Command | Description |
| :------------------------: | -------------------------------------------------- |
| touch [filename.extension] | Creates a new file |
| open [file] | Opens a file with its program by default |
| nano [file] | Opens a file with the nano editor of the terminal |
| nano -m [file] | Opens a file with nano editor and mouse as pointer |
| pico [file] | Opens a file with the nano editor of the terminal |
| vim [file] | Opens file with Vim editor |
| :q | Exit from Vim editor without save |
| :qw | Exit from Vim editor saving changes |
| rm [filename] | Deteles single file |
| rm -i [file] | Deletes a file with confirmation |
| rm -f [file] | Deletes a file without confirmation |
| rm -rf [dir], rm -R [dir] | Removes a directory and its content |
| rm [folder]/\* | Deltes all files in a |
| cp [file][newfile] | Copy file to file |
| cp [file][dir] | Copies file to directory |
| cp -rv source/. dest/ | Copies all content from folder to folder |
| mv [file][dir] | Moves file to directory |
| mv [file][new filename] | Renames file in same directory |
| \*.[extention] | Selects all files with that extension |
| _ . _ | Selects all the files |
| leters*.* | Selects all files which begins with `leters` |
## DIRECTORIES MANAGEMENT
| Key/Command | Description |
| :---------------------: | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
| mkdir [dir] | Creates new directory |
| mkdir [dir] && cd [dir] | Creates and enters in new directory |
| mkdir -p [dir]/[dir] | Creates nested directories |
| rmdir [dir] | Removes directory ( only operates on empty directories ) |
| [command] > [file] | Pushes output to file, keep in mind it will get overwritten |
| [command] >> [file] | Appends output to existing file |
| [command] < [file] | Tells command to read content from a file |
## EDITION MANAGEMENT
| Key/Command | Description |
| :---------------------: | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
| cat [file] | Prints out and concatenate files on screen terminal |
| cat - n [file] | Prints out and concatenate files with rule number next to |
| cat file01 > file02 | Overwrites the content from one file to another one |
| cat file01 >> file02 | Concatenates the content of both files on the second one |
| echo 'message' | Prints out `message` on the screen terminal |
| echo "message" > [file] | Writes `message` as content on file |
| echo "text" >> [file] | Adds `message` as content at the end of file |
| more [file] | Prints out the file content targeting the beginning |
| less [file] | Output file content delivered in another space in the terminal |
| sort [file] | Sorts a file alphabetically |
| file [file] | Gives information about the file |
| file \*.extension | Gives information about all files with that extension |
| pbcopy < [file] | Copies file contents to clipboard |
| pbpaste | Pastes clipboard contents |
| pbpaste > [file] | Pastes clipboard contents into file |
## PIPES
| Key/Command | Description |
| :---------------------------------------: | ----------------------------------------------- |
| [command1] \| [command2] | Uses the output of command1 to execute command2 |
| tail -n [file] | Shows the last n lines of the file |
| [command1] \| tail -n | Outputs the last n files of the command1 |
| [command1] \| tail -n \| less | Outputs as less the last 3 lines of command1 |
| [command1] \| tail -n \| sort > [newfile] | Sort the last n files of command1 in a new file |
## SEARCH
| Key/Command | Description |
| :----------------------------------: | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| find . | Searchs everything in the current folder |
| find [dir] -name [search_pattern] | Searchs for files inside a folder |
| find [dir] -type f | Finds just the files inside a folder |
| find [dir] -type d | Finds just the folders inside a folder |
| mdfind [search_pattern] | Spotlights search for files (names, content, other metadata) |
| mdfind -onlyin [dir] -name [pattern] | Spotlights search for files named like pattern in the given directory |
| grep [search_pattern][file] | Searchs for all lines in the file that contain the pattern |
| grep -i [search_pattern][file] | Searchs for the same but in insensitive way |
| grep -r [search_pattern][dir] | Recursively search in all files in specified directory for all lines that contain the pattern |
| grep -v [search_pattern][file] | Searchs for all lines that do NOT contain the pattern |
## HISTORY
| Key/Command | Description |
| :---------: | --------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| history | Shows complete command history |
| history n | Shows the last n commands of historial |
| ctrl-r | Interactively searchs through previously typed commands |
| ![value] | Executes the last command typed that starts with `value` |
| ![value]:p | Prints to the console the last command typed that starts with `value` |
| !! | Executes the last command typed |
| !!:p | Prints to the console the last command typed |
## CHAINING COMMANDS
| Key/Command | Description |
| :------------------------: | ----------------------------------------------------- |
| [command-a]; [command-b] | Runs command A and then B, regardless of success of A |
| [command-a] && [command-b] | Runs command B if A succeeded |
| [command-a] | | [command-b] | Run command B if A failed |
| [command-a] & | Runs command A in background |
## OWNERSHIP
| Key/Command | Description |
| :----------------------------------: | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| sudo | Root or Super User, overwrites the permissions of all users. You can edit, copy, move or delete files using super user. |
| sudo touch [file] | Creates a file as root of super user |
| sudo bash | Opens a new bash as super user (whoami => root). Now is not needed to write sudo before. Type `exit` to quit. |
| sudo chown [newuser][file] | Assigns to the new user the ownership of that file. Since then the new user can edit the file without `sudo` |
| sudo chgrp [newgroupname][file] | Assings the file to a new group |
| sudo chown -R [newuser][folder] | Assigns to a folder recursively a new ownership |
| sudo chgrp [newgoupname] -R [folder] | Assings the folder recursively to a new group |
| chmod u=wrx [file] | Gives the permission to the owner to write, read and execute the file |
| chmod o=wrx [file] | Gives the permission to another else to write, read and execute the file |
| chmod +x [file] | Adds the executable permision for everyone to that file |
| chmod -x [file] | Takes out the executable permision for everyone to that file |
## HELP
| Key/Command | Description |
| :-----------------------------: | ------------------------------------------------- |
| [command] -h , [command] --help | Offers help |
| man [command] | Shows the help manual for [command] |
| whatis [command] | Gives a one-line description of [command] |
| apropos [search-pattern] | Searches for command with keywords in description |
---
### VARIABLES AND INTRODUCTION TO SHELL SCRIPTING
#### Variables
```javascript
$ myvar=123 => New variable
$ echo $myvar => 123
$ unset myvar => Delete variable
$ myvar=$(command) => Myvar takes the value of the output of the command
```
#### Eviroment Variables
```javascript
$ echo $USER => Gives the current user
$ echo $HOME => Gives the root-user directory
$ echo $PATH => Lists the directories where are placed the executable files
```
#### How to input variables
```javascript
$ read myvar => A prompt waits for a value in a new line
Then you can get back the value typing `echo $myvar`
$ read -p "message" => Get a `message` before input in the new line
$ read -s myvar => Hide the value you are introducing.
Becomes visible with `echo $myvar`
```
#### Strings
```javascript
$ echo "this is a simple string" => Read a string
$ echo "this is a variable called $myvar" => Sets a variable in a string
```
#### Executable files
```javascript
$ pathtofile/filename.extension => Executes a file with a script inside
$ ./filename.extension => Executes a file in the current directory
```
#### Program locations
```javascript
$ which [command] => Gives you the location of the `command`
Commands are the executable files of the system
```
---