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https://github.com/skywind3000/mini3d

3D Software Renderer in 700 Lines !!
https://github.com/skywind3000/mini3d

3d c game-engine graphics opengl picture pixels rasterizer renderer software-renderer software-rendering

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3D Software Renderer in 700 Lines !!

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README 

        
# mini3d



3D software rendering tutorial, without any performance optimization, mainly explains how to write a fixed pipeline software renderer. Although the main code is only 700 lines, it is small but complete.



## Features



* Single File: The source code consists of only one file, mini3d.c, which implements all the functionality. It is easy to read and understand.

* Independent Compilation: There is no third-party library dependency and no complex project directory.

* Model Standard: Uses the standard D3D coordinate model, left-handed system with WORLD/VIEW/PROJECTION matrices.

* Clipping Implementation: Implements simple CVV (Canonical View Volume) clipping.

* Texture Support: Supports textures up to a maximum of 1024 x 1024.

* Depth Buffering: Uses a depth buffer to determine the order of image rendering.

* Perspective Texture Mapping: Implements perspective texture mapping and perspective color filling.

* Edge Calculation: Accurately calculates polygon edge coverage.

* Simplified Implementation: The rendering engine consists of only 700 lines of code, with clear modules and a prominent main structure.

* Detailed Comments: The primary code is well-documented with detailed comments.



## Compile



* mingw: 

		gcc -O3 mini3d.c -o mini3d.exe -lgdi32

* msvc:

		cl -O2 -nologo mini3d.c 

* Compiled version:

[https://github.com/skywind3000/mini3d/releases](https://github.com/skywind3000/mini3d/releases)



## Demonstration



Texture Mapping：RENDER_STATE_TEXTURE

![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/skywind3000/mini3d/master/images/mini_1.png)



Color Filling：RENDER_STATE_COLOR

![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/skywind3000/mini3d/master/images/mini_0.png)



Wireframe Rendering：RENDER_STATE_WIREFRAME

![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/skywind3000/mini3d/master/images/mini_2.png)



Added Lighting and Bicubic Interpolation (screenshot of lighting effect added by a friend to Mini3D)

![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/skywind3000/mini3d/master/images/mini_3.png)



## Basic TO-DO:



* Add backface culling

* Implement simple lighting

* Provide more rendering modes

* Implement texture sampling with bicubic interpolation



## Advanced TO-DO:



* Derive and prove all geometric knowledge used in the program

* Optimize vertex computation performance

* Optimize draw_scanline performance

* Load textures from BMP/TGA files

* Load BSP scenes and implement roaming.



## Explanation of principles



- [Wei Yixiao: How do OpenGL and DirectX determine the position of pixels only based on vertices?](https://skywind.me/blog/archives/2594)

- [Wei Yixiao: How does the computer access the graphics card at a low level?](https://skywind.me/blog/archives/1774)



## Related Projects



- [RenderHelp](https://github.com/skywind3000/RenderHelp)：Another implementation of a streamlined software renderer with support for programmable rendering pipelines, for more details see https://skywind.me/blog/archives/2589



## Welcome to donate:



![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/skywind3000/mini3d/master/images/donation.png)



Your donation is the greatest recognition for this tutorial. You are welcome to use Alipay to scan the QR code above to make a donation. The donated funds will be used to improve the tutorial documentation and illustrations, as well as to help me write more interesting tutorials.



## Welcome to follow us:



blog: https://skywind.me/blog



zhihu: https://www.zhihu.com/people/skywind3000