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https://github.com/tarantool-php/client

PHP client for Tarantool.
https://github.com/tarantool-php/client

lua nosql php sql tarantool tarantool-client tarantool-connector

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PHP client for Tarantool.

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# PHP client for Tarantool



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A pure PHP client for [Tarantool](https://www.tarantool.io/en/developers/) 1.7.1 or above.



## Features



 * Written in pure PHP, no extensions are required

 * Supports Unix domain sockets

 * Supports SQL protocol

 * Supports user-defined types (decimals and UUIDs are included)

 * Highly customizable

 * [Thoroughly tested](https://github.com/tarantool-php/client/actions?query=workflow%3AQA)

 * Being used in a number of projects, including [Queue](https://github.com/tarantool-php/queue), 

   [Mapper](https://github.com/tarantool-php/mapper), [Web Admin](https://github.com/basis-company/tarantool-admin) 

   and [others](https://github.com/tarantool-php).



## Table of contents



 * [Installation](#installation)

 * [Creating a client](#creating-a-client)

 * [Handlers](#handlers)

 * [Middleware](#middleware)

 * [Data manipulation](#data-manipulation)

   * [Binary protocol](#binary-protocol)

   * [SQL protocol](#sql-protocol)

   * [User-defined types](#user-defined-types) 

 * [Tests](#tests)

 * [Benchmarks](#benchmarks)

 * [License](#license)



## Installation



The recommended way to install the library is through [Composer](http://getcomposer.org):



```bash

composer require tarantool/client

```



In order to use the [Decimal](https://www.tarantool.io/en/doc/latest/dev_guide/internals/msgpack_extensions/#the-decimal-type) 

type that was added in Tarantool 2.3, you additionally need to install the [decimal](http://php-decimal.io/#installation) 

extension. Also, to improve performance when working with the [UUID](https://www.tarantool.io/en/doc/latest/dev_guide/internals/msgpack_extensions/#the-uuid-type) 

type, which is available since Tarantool 2.4, it is recommended to additionally install the [uuid](https://pecl.php.net/package/uuid) extension. 



## Creating a client



The easiest way to create a client is by using the default configuration:



```php

use Tarantool\Client\Client;



$client = Client::fromDefaults();

```



The client will be configured to connect to `127.0.0.1` on port `3301` with the default stream connection options.

Also, the best available msgpack package will be chosen automatically. A custom configuration can be accomplished

by one of several methods listed.



#### DSN string



The client supports the following Data Source Name formats:



```

tcp://[[username[:password]@]host[:port][/?option1=value1&optionN=valueN]

unix://[[username[:password]@]path[/?option1=value1&optionN=valueN]

```



Some examples:



```php

use Tarantool\Client\Client;



$client = Client::fromDsn('tcp://127.0.0.1');

$client = Client::fromDsn('tcp://[fe80::1]:3301');

$client = Client::fromDsn('tcp://user:[email protected]:3301');

$client = Client::fromDsn('tcp://[email protected]/?connect_timeout=5.0&max_retries=3');

$client = Client::fromDsn('unix:///var/run/tarantool/my_instance.sock');

$client = Client::fromDsn('unix://user:pass@/var/run/tarantool/my_instance.sock?max_retries=3');

```



If the username, password, path or options include special characters such as `@`, `:`, `/` or `%`,

they must be encoded according to [RFC 3986](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2.1)

(for example, with the [rawurlencode()](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.rawurlencode.php) function).



#### Array of options



It is also possible to create the client from an array of configuration options:



```php

use Tarantool\Client\Client;



$client = Client::fromOptions([

    'uri' => 'tcp://127.0.0.1:3301',

    'username' => '',

    'password' => '',

    ...

);

```



The following options are available:



Name | Type | Default | Description

--- | :---: | :---: | ---

*uri* | string | 'tcp://127.0.0.1:3301' | The connection uri that is used to create a `StreamConnection` object.

*connect_timeout* | float | 5.0 | The number of seconds that the client waits for a connect to a Tarantool server before throwing a `ConnectionFailed` exception.

*socket_timeout* | float | 5.0 | The number of seconds that the client waits for a respond from a Tarantool server before throwing a `CommunicationFailed` exception.

*tcp_nodelay* | boolean | true | Whether the Nagle algorithm is disabled on a TCP connection.

*persistent* | boolean | false | Whether to use a persistent connection.

*username* | string | | The username for the user being authenticated.

*password* | string | '' | The password for the user being authenticated. If the username is not set, this option will be ignored.

*max_retries* | integer | 0 | The number of times the client retries unsuccessful request. If set to 0, the client does not try to resend the request after the initial unsuccessful attempt.



#### Custom build



For more deep customisation, you can build a client from the ground up:



```php

use MessagePack\BufferUnpacker;

use MessagePack\Packer;

use Tarantool\Client\Client;

use Tarantool\Client\Connection\StreamConnection;

use Tarantool\Client\Handler\DefaultHandler;

use Tarantool\Client\Handler\MiddlewareHandler;

use Tarantool\Client\Middleware\AuthenticationMiddleware;

use Tarantool\Client\Middleware\RetryMiddleware;

use Tarantool\Client\Packer\PurePacker;



$connection = StreamConnection::createTcp('tcp://127.0.0.1:3301', [

    'socket_timeout' => 5.0,

    'connect_timeout' => 5.0,

    // ...

]);



$pureMsgpackPacker = new Packer();

$pureMsgpackUnpacker = new BufferUnpacker();

$packer = new PurePacker($pureMsgpackPacker, $pureMsgpackUnpacker);



$handler = new DefaultHandler($connection, $packer);

$handler = MiddlewareHandler::append($handler, [

    RetryMiddleware::exponential(3),

    new AuthenticationMiddleware('', ''),

    // ...

]);



$client = new Client($handler);

```



## Handlers



A handler is a function which transforms a request into a response. Once you have created a handler object,

you can make requests to Tarantool, for example:



```php

use Tarantool\Client\Keys;

use Tarantool\Client\Request\CallRequest;



...



$request = new CallRequest('box.stat');

$response = $handler->handle($request);

$data = $response->getBodyField(Keys::DATA);

```



The library ships with two handlers:



 * `DefaultHandler` is used for handling low-level communication with a Tarantool server

 * `MiddlewareHandler` is used as an extension point for an underlying handler via [middleware](#middleware)



## Middleware



Middleware is the suggested way to extend the client with custom functionality. There are several middleware classes

implemented to address the common use cases, like authentification, logging and [more](src/Middleware).

The usage is straightforward:



```php

use Tarantool\Client\Client;

use Tarantool\Client\Middleware\AuthenticationMiddleware;



$client = Client::fromDefaults()->withMiddleware(

    new AuthenticationMiddleware('', '')

);

```



You may also assign multiple middleware to the client (they will be executed in [FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFO_(computing_and_electronics)) order):



```php

use Tarantool\Client\Client;

use Tarantool\Client\Middleware\FirewallMiddleware;

use Tarantool\Client\Middleware\LoggingMiddleware;

use Tarantool\Client\Middleware\RetryMiddleware;



...



$client = Client::fromDefaults()->withMiddleware(

    FirewallMiddleware::allowReadOnly(),

    RetryMiddleware::linear(),

    new LoggingMiddleware($logger)

);

```



Please be aware that the order in which you add the middleware does matter. The same middleware,

placed in different order, can give very different or sometimes unexpected behavior.

To illustrate, consider the following configurations:



```php

$client1 = Client::fromDefaults()->withMiddleware(

    RetryMiddleware::linear(),

    new AuthenticationMiddleware('', '') 

);



$client2 = Client::fromDefaults()->withMiddleware(

    new AuthenticationMiddleware('', ''), 

    RetryMiddleware::linear()

);



$client3 = Client::fromOptions([

    'username' => '',

    'password' => '',

])->withMiddleware(RetryMiddleware::linear());

```



In this example, `$client1` will retry an unsuccessful operation and in case of connection

problems may initiate reconnection with follow-up re-authentication. However, `$client2`

and `$client3` will perform reconnection *without* doing any re-authentication.



> *You may wonder why `$client3` behaves like `$client2` in this case. This is because

> specifying some options (via array or DSN string) may implicitly register middleware.

> Thus, the `username/password` options will be turned into `AuthenticationMiddleware`

> under the hood, making the two configurations identical.*



To make sure your middleware runs first, use the `withPrependedMiddleware()` method:



```php

$client = $client->withPrependedMiddleware($myMiddleware);

```



## Data manipulation



### Binary protocol



The following are examples of binary protocol requests. For more detailed information and examples please see

the [official documentation](https://www.tarantool.io/en/doc/latest/book/box/data_model/#operations).



Select



*Fixtures*



```lua

local space = box.schema.space.create('example')

space:create_index('primary', {type = 'tree', parts = {1, 'unsigned'}})

space:create_index('secondary', {type = 'tree', unique = false, parts = {2, 'str'}})

space:insert({1, 'foo'})

space:insert({2, 'bar'})

space:insert({3, 'bar'})

space:insert({4, 'bar'})

space:insert({5, 'baz'})

```



*Code*



```php

$space = $client->getSpace('example');

$result1 = $space->select(Criteria::key([1]));

$result2 = $space->select(Criteria::index('secondary')

    ->andKey(['bar'])

    ->andLimit(2)

    ->andOffset(1)

);



printf("Result 1: %s\n", json_encode($result1));

printf("Result 2: %s\n", json_encode($result2));

```



*Output*



```

Result 1: [[1,"foo"]]

Result 2: [[3,"bar"],[4,"bar"]]

```



Insert



*Fixtures*



```lua

local space = box.schema.space.create('example')

space:create_index('primary', {type = 'tree', parts = {1, 'unsigned'}})

```



*Code*



```php

$space = $client->getSpace('example');

$result = $space->insert([1, 'foo', 'bar']);



printf("Result: %s\n", json_encode($result));

```



*Output*



```

Result: [[1,"foo","bar"]]

```



*Space data*



```lua

tarantool> box.space.example:select()

---

- - [1, 'foo', 'bar']

...

```



Update



*Fixtures*



```lua

local space = box.schema.space.create('example')

space:create_index('primary', {type = 'tree', parts = {1, 'unsigned'}})

space:format({

    {name = 'id', type = 'unsigned'}, 

    {name = 'num', type = 'unsigned'}, 

    {name = 'name', type = 'string'}

})



space:insert({1, 10, 'foo'})

space:insert({2, 20, 'bar'})

space:insert({3, 30, 'baz'})

```



*Code*



```php

$space = $client->getSpace('example');

$result = $space->update([2], Operations::add(1, 5)->andSet(2, 'BAR'));



// Since Tarantool 2.3 you can refer to tuple fields by name:

// $result = $space->update([2], Operations::add('num', 5)->andSet('name', 'BAR'));



printf("Result: %s\n", json_encode($result));

```



*Output*



```

Result: [[2,25,"BAR"]]

```



*Space data*



```lua

tarantool> box.space.example:select()

---

- - [1, 10, 'foo']

  - [2, 25, 'BAR']

  - [3, 30, 'baz']

...

```



Upsert



*Fixtures*



```lua

local space = box.schema.space.create('example')

space:create_index('primary', {type = 'tree', parts = {1, 'unsigned'}}) 

space:format({

    {name = 'id', type = 'unsigned'}, 

    {name = 'name1', type = 'string'}, 

    {name = 'name2', type = 'string'}

})

```



*Code*



```php

$space = $client->getSpace('example');

$space->upsert([1, 'foo', 'bar'], Operations::set(1, 'baz'));

$space->upsert([1, 'foo', 'bar'], Operations::set(2, 'qux'));



// Since Tarantool 2.3 you can refer to tuple fields by name:

// $space->upsert([1, 'foo', 'bar'], Operations::set('name1', 'baz'));

// $space->upsert([1, 'foo', 'bar'], Operations::set('name2'', 'qux'));

```



*Space data*



```lua

tarantool> box.space.example:select()

---

- - [1, 'foo', 'qux']

...

```



Replace



*Fixtures*



```lua

local space = box.schema.space.create('example')

space:create_index('primary', {type = 'tree', parts = {1, 'unsigned'}})

space:insert({1, 'foo'})

space:insert({2, 'bar'})

```



*Code*



```php

$space = $client->getSpace('example');

$result1 = $space->replace([2, 'BAR']);

$result2 = $space->replace([3, 'BAZ']);



printf("Result 1: %s\n", json_encode($result1));

printf("Result 2: %s\n", json_encode($result2));

```



*Output*



```

Result 1: [[2,"BAR"]]

Result 2: [[3,"BAZ"]]

```



*Space data*



```lua

tarantool> box.space.example:select()

---

- - [1, 'foo']

  - [2, 'BAR']

  - [3, 'BAZ']

...

```



Delete



*Fixtures*



```lua

local space = box.schema.space.create('example')

space:create_index('primary', {type = 'tree', parts = {1, 'unsigned'}})

space:create_index('secondary', {type = 'tree', parts = {2, 'str'}})

space:insert({1, 'foo'})

space:insert({2, 'bar'})

space:insert({3, 'baz'})

space:insert({4, 'qux'})

```



*Code*



```php

$space = $client->getSpace('example');

$result1 = $space->delete([2]);

$result2 = $space->delete(['baz'], 'secondary');



printf("Result 1: %s\n", json_encode($result1));

printf("Result 2: %s\n", json_encode($result2));

```



*Output*



```

Result 1: [[2,"bar"]]

Result 2: [[3,"baz"]]

```



*Space data*



```lua

tarantool> box.space.example:select()

---

- - [1, 'foo']

  - [4, 'qux']

...

```



Call



*Fixtures*



```lua

function func_42()

    return 42

end

```



*Code*



```php

$result1 = $client->call('func_42');

$result2 = $client->call('math.min', 5, 3, 8);



printf("Result 1: %s\n", json_encode($result1));

printf("Result 2: %s\n", json_encode($result2));

```



*Output*



```

Result 1: [42]

Result 2: [3]

```



Evaluate



*Code*



```php

$result1 = $client->evaluate('function func_42() return 42 end');

$result2 = $client->evaluate('return func_42()');

$result3 = $client->evaluate('return math.min(...)', 5, 3, 8);



printf("Result 1: %s\n", json_encode($result1));

printf("Result 2: %s\n", json_encode($result2));

printf("Result 3: %s\n", json_encode($result3));

```



*Output*



```

Result 1: []

Result 2: [42]

Result 3: [3]

```



### SQL protocol



The following are examples of SQL protocol requests. For more detailed information and examples please see

the [official documentation](https://www.tarantool.io/en/doc/latest/reference/reference_sql/sql/). 

*Note that SQL is supported only as of Tarantool 2.0.*



Execute



*Code*



```php

$client->execute('CREATE TABLE users ("id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "email" VARCHAR(255))');



$result1 = $client->executeUpdate('CREATE UNIQUE INDEX email ON users ("email")');



$result2 = $client->executeUpdate('

    INSERT INTO users VALUES (null, :email1), (null, :email2)

',

    [':email1' => '[email protected]'],

    [':email2' => '[email protected]']

);



$result3 = $client->executeQuery('SELECT * FROM users WHERE "email" = ?', '[email protected]');

$result4 = $client->executeQuery('SELECT * FROM users WHERE "id" IN (?, ?)', 1, 2);



printf("Result 1: %s\n", json_encode([$result1->count(), $result1->getAutoincrementIds()]));

printf("Result 2: %s\n", json_encode([$result2->count(), $result2->getAutoincrementIds()]));

printf("Result 3: %s\n", json_encode([$result3->count(), $result3[0]]));

printf("Result 4: %s\n", json_encode(iterator_to_array($result4)));

```



*Output*



```

Result 1: [1,[]]

Result 2: [2,[1,2]]

Result 3: [1,{"id":1,"email":"[email protected]"}]

Result 4: [{"id":1,"email":"[email protected]"},{"id":2,"email":"[email protected]"}]

```



If you need to execute a dynamic SQL statement whose type you don't know, you can use the generic method `execute()`. 

This method returns a Response object with the body containing either an array of result set rows or an array

with information about the changed rows:



```php

$response = $client->execute('');

$resultSet = $response->tryGetBodyField(Keys::DATA);



if ($resultSet === null) {

    $sqlInfo = $response->getBodyField(Keys::SQL_INFO);

    $affectedCount = $sqlInfo[Keys::SQL_INFO_ROW_COUNT];

} 

``` 



Prepare



*Note that the `prepare` request is supported only as of Tarantool 2.3.2.*



*Code*



```php

$client->execute('CREATE TABLE users ("id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "name" VARCHAR(50))');



$stmt = $client->prepare('INSERT INTO users VALUES(null, ?)');

for ($i = 1; $i <= 100; ++$i) {

    $stmt->execute("name_$i");

    // You can also use executeSelect() and executeUpdate(), e.g.:

    // $lastInsertIds = $stmt->executeUpdate("name_$i")->getAutoincrementIds();

}

$stmt->close();



// Note the SEQSCAN keyword in the query. It is available as of Tarantool 2.11.

// If you are using an older version of Tarantool, omit this keyword.

$result = $client->executeQuery('SELECT COUNT("id") AS "cnt" FROM SEQSCAN users');



printf("Result: %s\n", json_encode($result[0]));

```



*Output*



```

Result: {"cnt":100}

```



### User-defined types



To store complex structures inside a tuple you may want to use objects:



```php

$space->insert([42, Money::EUR(500)]);

[[$id, $money]] = $space->select(Criteria::key([42]));

```



This can be achieved by extending the MessagePack type system with your own types. To do this, you need to write 

a MessagePack extension that converts your objects into MessagePack structures and back (for more details, read 

the msgpack.php's [README](https://github.com/rybakit/msgpack.php#custom-types)). Once you have implemented 

your extension, you should register it with the packer object:



```php

$packer = PurePacker::fromExtensions(new MoneyExtension());

$client = new Client(new DefaultHandler($connection, $packer));

```



> *A working example of using the user-defined types can be found in the [examples](examples/user_defined_type) folder.*



## Tests



To run unit tests:



```bash

vendor/bin/phpunit --testsuite unit

```



To run integration tests:



```bash

vendor/bin/phpunit --testsuite integration

```



> *Make sure to start [client.lua](tests/Integration/client.lua) first.*



To run all tests:



```bash

vendor/bin/phpunit

```



If you already have Docker installed, you can run the tests in a docker container.

First, create a container:



```bash

./dockerfile.sh | docker build -t client -

```



The command above will create a container named `client` with PHP 8.3 runtime.

You may change the default runtime by defining the `PHP_IMAGE` environment variable:



```bash

PHP_IMAGE='php:8.2-cli' ./dockerfile.sh | docker build -t client -

```



> *See a list of various images [here](https://hub.docker.com/_/php).*



Then run a Tarantool instance (needed for integration tests):



```bash

docker network create tarantool-php

docker run -d --net=tarantool-php -p 3301:3301 --name=tarantool \

    -v $(pwd)/tests/Integration/client.lua:/client.lua \

    tarantool/tarantool:3 tarantool /client.lua

```



And then run both unit and integration tests:



```bash

docker run --rm --net=tarantool-php -v $(pwd):/client -w /client client

```



## Benchmarks



The benchmarks can be found in the [dedicated repository](https://github.com/tarantool-php/benchmarks).



## License



The library is released under the MIT License. See the bundled [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.