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https://github.com/tc39/proposal-do-expressions
Proposal for `do` expressions
https://github.com/tc39/proposal-do-expressions
Last synced: about 21 hours ago
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Proposal for `do` expressions
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/tc39/proposal-do-expressions
- Owner: tc39
- License: mit
- Created: 2017-09-13T00:44:32.000Z (about 7 years ago)
- Default Branch: master
- Last Pushed: 2021-04-09T09:08:50.000Z (over 3 years ago)
- Last Synced: 2024-04-14T22:14:14.918Z (7 months ago)
- Language: HTML
- Homepage:
- Size: 71.3 KB
- Stars: 1,067
- Watchers: 93
- Forks: 14
- Open Issues: 40
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- License: LICENSE
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README
# ECMAScript proposal: `do` expressions
This proposal has [preliminary spec text](https://tc39.github.io/proposal-do-expressions/).
## Status
This proposal is in **stage 1** of [the TC39 process](https://tc39.github.io/process-document/).
## Motivation
* expression-oriented programming one of the great advances of FP
* expressions plug together like legos, making more malleable programming experience in-the-small
## Examples
Write in an expression-oriented style, scoping variables as locally as possible:
```js
let x = do {
let tmp = f();
tmp * tmp + 1
};
```
Use conditional statements as expressions, instead of awkward nested ternaries:
```js
let x = do {
if (foo()) { f() }
else if (bar()) { g() }
else { h() }
};
```
Especially nice for templating languages like JSX:
```js
return (
{
do {
if (loggedIn) {
} else {
}
}
}
)
```
## Limitations
Because of the potential for confusion, you can't end a do-expression with a declaration, an `if` without an `else`, or a loop (even when nested in other statements). For example, the following are all Early Errors:
```js
(do {
let x = 1;
});
```
```js
(do {
function f() {}
});
```
```js
(do {
while (cond) {
// do something
}
});
```
```js
(do {
if (condition) {
while (inner) {
// do something
}
} else {
42;
}
});
```
```js
(do {
label: {
let x = 1;
break label;
}
});
```
```js
(do {
if (foo) {
bar
}
});
```
More formally, the completion value of the _StatementList_ can't rely on the completion value of a loop or declaration. See EndsInIterationOrDeclaration in the proposed specification for details.
The restriction on declarations is particularly unfortunate. It arises from the fact that declarations have `~empty~` as their completion value, meaning `do { 'before'; let x = 'after'; }` would evaluate to `before`. I'd like to pursue changing the completion value for declarations in general, which would affect existing code relying on `eval`.
## Edge cases
### `var` declarations
`var` declarations are allowed (except as the final statement), with the binding hoisting to the containing function's scope. Exception: `var` declarations are an Early Error when the `do` occurs in a parameter expression.
### Empty `do`
`do {}` is allowed and is equivalent to `void 0`.
### `await`/`yield`
The ability to use `await` and `yield` is inherited from the context of the enclosing function, as it is in any other expression.
### `throw`
Works fine. Does what you expect.
### `break`/`continue`/`return`
These are allowed when in an appropriate context: `return` is allowed when the `do` is within a function, `break` is allowed when within a loop or a switch case, etc. This allows you to write code like this:
```js
function getUserId(blob) {
let obj = do {
try {
JSON.parse(blob)
} catch {
return null; // returns from the function
}
};
return obj?.userId;
}
```
#### Exceptions
Because of the potential for confusion, unlabeled `break` and `continue` are not allowed within the head of a loop, whether or not the loop is within another loop.
`return` is allowed even within function parameter lists, as in `function f(x = do { return null; }) {}`. It is not allowed in computed property names in class bodies.
### Conflict with `do-while`
`do` expressions are prohibited in contexts in which statements are legal. In such contexts you can just use a normal block or enclose the `do` expression in parentheses.
### B.3.3 function hoisting
Sloppy-mode function hoisting is not allowed to pass through a do-expression.