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https://github.com/theodorosploumis/drupalcamp2016

Using Drupal with Docker - DrupalCamp Athens, Greece 2016
https://github.com/theodorosploumis/drupalcamp2016

docker docker-compose drupal drupalcamp2016

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Using Drupal with Docker - DrupalCamp Athens, Greece 2016

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README 

          
![Docker logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/theodorosploumis/drupalcamp2016/gh-pages/img/docker_logo.png)



## Using Docker with Drupal - Introduction



#### [DrupalCamp 2016](http://www.drupal-camp.gr), 1-3 July 2016



###### [TheodorosPloumis.com](http://www.theodorosploumis.com/en) / [@theoploumis](http://twitter.com/theoploumis)

________________________



###### Get them: [online presentation](http://theodorosploumis.github.io/drupalcamp2016/) / [source code](https://github.com/theodorosploumis/drupalcamp2016) / [docker image](https://hub.docker.com/r/tplcom/drupalcamp2016/) / [Video](https://goo.gl/pb0eEm)



###### Under [Attribution 4.0 International](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) license.



---



### What is Docker



> Docker is an open platform for developing, shipping, and running applications.



---



### Docker History



| When | Who | License | GH stars |

| :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |

| 03/2013 | [Solomon Hykes](https://twitter.com/solomonstre) | Apache | [37k](https://github.com/docker/docker)|



---



### Docker Benefits



 - Fast (deployment, migration, restarts)

 - Secure

 - Lightweight (save disk & CPU)

 - Open Source

 - Portable software

 - Microservices and integrations (APIs)

 - Simplify DevOps

 - Version control capabilities



---



### Common Docker usages



 - Scaling apps

 - Development collaboration

 - Infrastructure configuration

 - Sandbox (develop, test, debug, educate etc)

 - Local development

 - Continuous Integration & Deployment

 - Multi-tier applications

 - PaaS, SaaS



###### See the [survey results for 2016](https://www.docker.com/survey-2016)



---



### Technology stack



 - Linux [x86-64](https://www.wikiwand.com/en/X86-64) & Windows (Server 2016+)

 - [Go](https://golang.org/) language

 - [Client - Server](https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Client%E2%80%93server_model) (deamon) architecture

 - Union file systems ([UnionFS](https://www.wikiwand.com/en/UnionFS): AUFS, btrfs, vfs etc)

 - [Namespaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cgroups#NAMESPACE-ISOLATION) (pid, net, ipc, mnt, uts)

 - Control Groups ([cgroups](https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Cgroups))

 - Container format ([libcontainer](https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/tree/master/libcontainer "Libcontainer provides a native Go implementation for creating containers with namespaces, cgroups, capabilities, and filesystem access controls. It allows you to manage the lifecycle of the container performing additional operations after the container is created."))



###### See more at [Understanding docker](https://docs.docker.com/engine/understanding-docker/)



---



### Docker components



 - (Docker) client

 - daemon

 - engine

 - machine

 - compose

 - swarm

 - registry



---



### Docker client



It is the primary user interface to Docker. It accepts commands from the user

and communicates back and forth with a Docker daemon.



---



### Docker daemon



It runs on a host machine. The user does not directly interact with the daemon,

but instead through the Docker client with the RESTful api or sockets.



---



### Docker engine



A Client with a Daemon as also as the docker-compose tool. Usually referred simply as "docker".



![Docker engine logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/theodorosploumis/docker-java/master/img/docker_logo_simple.png)



---



### Docker machine



It creates servers (locally, on cloud etc), installs Docker on them, then configures the Docker client to talk to them.



![Docker machine logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/theodorosploumis/docker-presentation/gh-pages/img/docker_machine.png)



---



### Docker compose



A tool for defining and running complex applications with Docker

(eg a multi-container application) with a single file.



![Docker compose logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/theodorosploumis/docker-presentation/gh-pages/img/docker_compose.png)



---



### Docker swarm



Swarm pools together several Docker hosts and exposes them as a single virtual Docker host (cluster).

It scale up to multiple hosts.



![Docker swarm logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/theodorosploumis/docker-presentation/gh-pages/img/docker_swarm.png)



---



### Docker distribution



A (hosted) service containing repositories of images which responds to the Registry API.



![Docker distribution logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/theodorosploumis/docker-presentation/gh-pages/img/docker_distribution.png)



---



### Steps of a Docker workflow



```

docker run -i -t ubuntu:15.04 /bin/bash

```



 - Pulls the ubuntu:15.04 [image](https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/containers/dockerimages/ "A read-only layer that is the base of your container. It can have a parent image to abstract away the more basic filesystem snapshot.") from the [registry](https://docs.docker.com/registry/ "The central place where all publicly published images live. You can search it, upload your images there and when you pull a docker image, it comes the repository/hub.")

 - Creates a new [container](https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/storagedriver/imagesandcontainers/ "A runnable instance of the image, basically it is a process isolated by docker that runs on top of the filesystem that an image provides.")

 - Allocates a filesystem and mounts a read-write [layer](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/glossary/#filesystem "A set of read-only files to provision the system. Think of a layer as a read only snapshot of the filesystem.")

 - Allocates a [network/bridge interface](https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Bridging_%28networking%29)

 - Sets up an [IP address](https://www.wikiwand.com/en/IP_address "An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.")

 - Executes a process that you specify (``` /bin/bash ```)

 - Captures and provides application output



Screencast: [Steps of a Docker workflow](https://asciinema.org/a/1yqyy1uu1taxciqf4136sy3ld).



---



### The Docker Components diagram



![Docker components](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/theodorosploumis/docker-java/master/img/docker-components.png)



---



### The docker image



![ubuntu:15.04 image](https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/storagedriver/images/image-layers.jpg "A read-only layer that is the base of your container. It can have a parent image to abstract away the more basic filesystem snapshot. Each Docker image references a list of read-only layers that represent filesystem differences. Layers are stacked on top of each other to form a base for a container’s root filesystem.")



---



### The docker container



![container using ubuntu:15.04 image](https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/storagedriver/images/container-layers.jpg "A runnable instance of the image, basically it is a process isolated by docker that runs on top of the filesystem that an image provides. For each containers there is a new, thin, writable layer - container layer - on top of the underlying stack (image).")



---



### The Dockerfile



> A Dockerfile is a text document that contains all the commands a user could call on the command line to create an image.



 - [Dockerfile with inline comments](https://github.com/theodorosploumis/docker-presentation/blob/gh-pages/examples/dockerfile/Dockerfile) just for education

 - [Dockerfile reference](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/) on docker docs

 - Drupal* Dockerfiles ([Drupal](https://github.com/docker-library/official-images/blob/master/library/drupal), [drush/drush](https://github.com/RobLoach/drush-docker/blob/master/8/Dockerfile), [dropdog/docker](https://hub.docker.com/r/dropdog/docker/~/dockerfile/), [Boran/docker-drupal](https://github.com/Boran/docker-drupal/blob/master/Dockerfile), [ricardoamaro/docker-drupal](https://github.com/ricardoamaro/docker-drupal/blob/master/Dockerfile))



---



### Docker examples



- SSH into a container

- Common Docker commands

- [Linked](https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/networking/default_network/dockerlinks/) containers

- Docker [Volume](https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/containers/dockervolumes/)

- Using [docker-compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/)

- Advanced usage of docker-compose

- Scale containers with docker-compose



---



### Example: SSH into a container



```

docker pull ubuntu

docker run -it --name ubuntu_example ubuntu /bin/bash

```

Screencast: [SSH into a container](https://asciinema.org/a/0z4bu6ub4l3z6n3t6b0d5e35g)



---



### Example: Common Docker Commands



```

// General info

docker help // docker help run

docker info

docker version

docker network ls



// Images

docker images // docker [IMAGE_NAME]

docker pull [IMAGE] //

docker push [IMAGE]

docker save [IMAGE] // commit, tag, export, load, rmi



// Containers

docker run ...

docker ps // docker ps -a, docker ps -l

docker stop/start/restart [CONTAINER]

docker stats [CONTAINER]

docker top [CONTAINER]

docker port [CONTAINER]

docker inspect [CONTAINER]

docker inspect -f "{{ .State.StartedAt }}" [CONTAINER]

docker rm [CONTAINER]



```

Screencast: [Common Docker commands](https://asciinema.org/a/3hczjxzuvih674htyis6o8q6t)



---



### Example: Docker link containers



Let's create a [Drupal app](https://hub.docker.com/_/drupal/) (apache, php, mysql, drupal)



```

docker pull drupal:8.2.3-apache

docker pull mysql:8



// Start a container for mysql

docker run --name mysql_example \

           -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \

           -e MYSQL_DATABASE=drupal \

           -e MYSQL_USER=drupal \

           -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=drupal \

           -d mysql:8



// Start a Drupal container and link it with mysql

// Usage: --link [name or id]:alias

docker run -d --name drupal_example \

           -p 8280:80 \

           --link mysql_example:mysql \

           drupal:8.2.3-apache



// Open http://localhost:8280 to continue with the installation

// On the UI for the db host use: mysql



// There is a proper linking

docker inspect -f "{{ .HostConfig.Links }}" drupal_example

```

Screencast: [Docker: Drupal and MySQL containers linked](https://asciinema.org/a/1bp6bb5tbq0hwuwgyck8ufo8j)



---



### Example: Docker volume



Let's mount local files to a docker container



```

cd ~/drupalcamp2016

drush dl drupal-8.2.3

cd ~/drupalcamp2016/drupal-8.2.3



// Start a container for mysql

docker run --name mysql_container \

           -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \

           -e MYSQL_DATABASE=drupal \

           -e MYSQL_USER=drupal \

           -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=drupal \

           -d mysql:8



// Start drupal container with volume

// Folder "modules" locally is mounted to the container

docker run -d --name drupal_with_mysql_volumed \

           -p 8290:80 \

           --link mysql_container:mysql \

           -v $(pwd)/modules:/var/www/html/modules \

           drupal:8.2.3-apache



// Locally download devel module (assuming you have drush on host)

drush dl devel

// Devel module is available on the container



```



---



### Example: Using Docker Compose



Let's create a Drupal app using [docker-compose.yml](https://github.com/theodorosploumis/drupalcamp2016/blob/gh-pages/examples/docker-compose/simple/docker-compose.yml)



```

git clone git@github.com:theodorosploumis/drupalcamp2016.git \

          ~/drupalcamp2016/presentation

cd ~/drupalcamp2016/presentation/examples/docker-compose/simple



// Run docker-compose using the docker-compose.yml

docker-compose up -d

```

Screencast: [Docker compose simple example](https://asciinema.org/a/ewdsoyphlf29bpa5cvgx8d1k6)



---



### Example: More advanced docker-compose



[Drupal + friends](https://github.com/theodorosploumis/drupal-docker) together.



```

cd ~/drupalcamp2016

git clone git@github.com:theodorosploumis/drupal-docker.git

cd ~/drupalcamp2016/drupal-docker



docker-compose up -d



// Open http://localhost:8082 (web)

// Open http://localhost:8090 (phpmyadmin)



// Prepare Drupal for installation

docker exec drupal_8082 bash /scripts/prepare-install.sh



// Install with Drush

docker exec drupal_8082 drush \

    site-install -y standard \

    --site-name="Drupal 8 with Docker - Drush" \

    --db-url=mysql://drupal:drupal@mysql/drupal \

    --site-mail=admin@example.com \

    --account-name=admin \

    --account-pass=admin \

    --account-mail=admin@example.com



```

Screencast: [Drupal & PhpMyAadmin, Drush, Console etc](https://asciinema.org/a/bmsaz1ltrnap179m62vjruot0)



---



### Example: Scale containers with docker-compose



```

cd ~/drupalcamp2016

git clone git@github.com:theodorosploumis/drupal-docker.git

cd ~/drupalcamp2016/drupal-docker



docker-compose up -d

// Continue as before and install Drupal with drush...



// Scale the Drupal slave service

docker-compose scale drupal_slave=10



// Show the new slave containers IP Addresses

docker exec drupaldocker_drupal_slave_1 hostname -I



// Show the IP Address using Docker

docker inspect -f '{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' \

               drupaldocker_drupal_slave_1

...



// Slaves share the same mysql and files

docker exec drupaldocker_drupal_slave_1 drush status

docker exec drupaldocker_drupal_slave_2 drush status

...



```

Screencast: [Scale Drupal with docker-compose](https://asciinema.org/a/45e87mjaj4x3b2p4jirobii5n)



---



### Docker for Drupal recipes



The Drupal "parts"



- server

- code

- database

- public/private files

- helper software (eg drush, composer etc)



---



### Docker for Drupal - Combinations and Options



| A/a | Part | Docker options |

|:---|:-----|:-----|

|1| Server| Image |

|2| Code | Image, Volumes, Inside 1 |

|3| Files | None ([stage_file_proxy](https://www.drupal.org/project/stage_file_proxy)), Image, Inside 2 |

|4| Database | Image, Inside 1 |

|5| Helpers | Image, Inside 1, Volumes, None |



---



### From Monolithic apps



![Monolithic Architecture](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/theodorosploumis/drupalcamp2016/gh-pages/img/monolithic.png)



---



### To Containerized apps



![Containerized Architecture](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/theodorosploumis/drupalcamp2016/gh-pages/img/containerized.png)



---



### Docker tips



There are known best practices (see a list at [examples/tips](https://github.com/theodorosploumis/drupal-presentation/tree/gh-pages/examples/tips))



- Optimize containers (see [imagelayers.io](https://imagelayers.io/?images=drupal:8.1.0-fpm))

- Create your own, tiny base images

- Containers are not Virtual Machines

- Full stack Images VS 1 process per Container

- Use files/scripts to setup container

- Prefer using docker-compose

- Production needs orchestration



---



### The Docker war



| Type | Software |

|:----|:----------|

| Cluster & 
orchestrate | [Swarm](https://docs.docker.com/swarm/), [Kubernetes](http://kubernetes.io/), [Marathon](https://mesosphere.github.io/marathon/), [MaestroNG](https://github.com/signalfx/maestro-ng), [decking](http://decking.io/), [shipyard](http://shipyard-project.com/) |

| Registry | [Portus](http://port.us.org/), [Docker Distribution](https://github.com/docker/distribution), [docker hub](http://hub.docker.com), [quay.io](https://quay.io), [Google Container Reg.](https://cloud.google.com/tools/container-registry/), [Artifactory](https://www.jfrog.com/artifactory/), [projectatomic.io](http://www.projectatomic.io/), [Treescale.com](https://treescale.com/), [Canister.io](https://www.canister.io/) |

| PaaS | [Rancher](http://rancher.com/), [Tsuru](https://tsuru.io/), [dokku](https://github.com/dokku/dokku), [flynn](https://flynn.io/),  [Octohost](http://octohost.io/) |



---



### Docker alternatives



- [Rocket, rkt](https://github.com/coreos/rkt)

- [Linux Containers, LXC](https://linuxcontainers.org/)

- [OpenVZ](https://openvz.org/)

- [BSD Jails](https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/jails.html)

- [Solaris Zones](http://oracle.com/solaris)

- [drawbridge](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/drawbridge/)



---



### Instead of Resources



 - [docs.docker.com](https://docs.docker.com/)

 - Books: [Docker in Practice](https://www.manning.com/books/docker-in-practice), [The Docker Book](http://www.dockerbook.com/)

 - Tools: [terra](http://terra.readthedocs.io/) / [docksal](http://docksal.io/) / [dropdock](http://dropdock.io/), [kalabox](https://github.com/kalabox/kalabox) / [bowline](https://github.com/davenuman/bowline) / [Docker4Drupal](https://github.com/wodby/docker4drupal) / [DruDock](https://github.com/4AllDigital/DruDockCli) / [drocker](https://github.com/gabesullice/drocker)

 - Community: [Dockerized Drupal](https://dockerizedrupal.com) / [D.O. Docker group](https://groups.drupal.org/docker) / [D.O. drupalci_testbot](https://www.drupal.org/project/drupalci_testbot)



---



### Questions?



![Drupal over Docker!](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/theodorosploumis/drupalcamp2016/gh-pages/img/dcamp_docker.png)



$this->send('[feedback](https://goo.gl/xa3moy)');

______________



###### Tools used: [docker 1.12.3](https://github.com/docker/docker/releases/tag/v1.12.3) / [docker compose 1.9.0](https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/tag/1.9.0) / [asciinema](https://asciinema.org) / [oh my zsh](http://ohmyz.sh/) / [reveal.js](https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js) /